• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2016

CG200745 is a novel inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), initially developed for treatment of various hematological and solid cancers. Because it is water-soluble, it can be administered orally. We hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertensive rats. For establishment of hypertension, 40 mg/kg of DOCA was subcutaneously injected four times weekly into Sprague-Dawley rats. All the rats used in this study including those in the sham group had been unilaterally nephrectomized and allowed free access to drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood chemistry including sodium, potassium, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was analyzed. Sections of the heart were visualized after trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The expression of hypertrophic genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and atrial natriuretic peptide B (Nppb) in addition to fibrotic genes such as Collagen-1, Collagen-3, connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), and Fibronectin were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Injection of DOCA increased systolic blood pressure, heart weight, and cardiac fibrosis, which was attenuated by CG200745. Neither DOCA nor CG200745 affected body weight, vascular contraction and relaxation responses, and blood chemistry. Injection of DOCA increased expression of both hypertrophic and fibrotic genes, which was abrogated by CG200745. These results indicate that CG200745 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1747-1756
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different cooking techniques viz: boiling, grilling, microwave, and frying; on the physicochemical characteristics of camel meat. Methods: Protein composition and their degradation as well as biochemical and textural changes of camel meat as influenced by cooking methods were investigated. Results: The highest cooking loss (52.61%) was reported in microwaved samples while grilled samples showed the lowest cooking loss (44.98%). The microwaved samples showed the highest levels of lipid oxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, while boiled samples showed the lowest levels (4.5 mg/kg). Protein solubility, total collagen, and soluble collagen content were highest in boiled samples. Boiled camel meat had lower hardness values compared to the other treated samples. Consequently, boiling was the more suitable cooking technique for producing camel meat with a reduced hardness value and lower lipid oxidation level. Conclusion: The camel meat industry and camel meat consumer can benefit from this research by improving their commercial viability and making consumers aware about the effects of cooking procedures on the quality of camel meat. The results of this study will be of significance to researchers and readers who are working on the processing and quality of camel meat.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

Tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and lymphotoxin-$\alpha$ (LT-$\alpha$, TNF-$\beta$) can initiate and perpetuate human diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). TNFs can be blocked by the use of soluble TNF receptors. However, since monomeric soluble receptors generally exhibit low affinity or function as agonists, the use of monomeric soluble receptors has been limited in the case of cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$, TNF-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13, which have adapted to a multi component receptor system. For these reasons, very high-affinity inhibitors were created for the purpose of a TNFs antagonist to bind the TNFR and trigger cellular signal by using the multistep polymerase chain reaction method. First, recombinant simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins were constructed from the cDNA sequences encoding the extracellular domain of the human p55 TNFR (CD120a) and the human p75 TNFR (CD120b), which were linked to hinge and constant regions of human $IgG_1$ heavy chain, respectively using complementary primers (CP) encoding the complementary sequences. Then, concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins were constructed using recombinant PCR and a complementary primer base of recombinant simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins. For high level expression of recombinant fusion proteins, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used with a retroviral expression system. The transfected cells produced the simple concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins capable of binding TNF and inactivating it. These soluble versions of simple concantameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins gave rise to multiple forms such as simple dimers and concatameric homodimers. Simple TNFR-1g fusion proteins were shown to have much more reduced TNF inhibitory activity than concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins. Concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins showed higher affinity than simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins in a receptor inhibitor binding assay (RIBA). Additionally, concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins were shown to have a progressive effect as a TNF inhibitor compared to the simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins and conventional TNFR-Fc in cytotoxicity assays, and showed the same results for collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice in vivo.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.260-274
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• 2015

본 논문은 한국과 중국에서는 전통 한방약재로 오랫동안 사용된 꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata)의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리부분의 에탄올추출물의 물, 에탄올, 에칠아세테이트 용해성 분획물에 대한 피부 생리활성에 관한 실험결과이다. 대식세포인 macrophage(RAW 264.7 cell)에 대하여 이들 분획물들의 nitric oxide 및 염증성 사이토카인 분비 억제효과를 검토한 결과, nitric oxide 생성 억제에는 잎부위의 에칠아세테이트 분획물과 에탄올분획물이, 염증성 사이토카인인 $IL-1{\beta}$ 생성 억제에는 모든 분획물들이 효과가 있고, 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-6 생성 억제에는 잎, 줄기, 뿌리부위의 에칠아세테이트 분획물들이 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 흑색종세포인 melanoma cell(B16-F10 cell)에서 멜라닌 생성억제효과를 측정한 결과, 잎의 에틸아세테이트 분획물 처리에서만 유의성 있는 억제효과를 나타내었다. 주름 개선 효과를 확인하기 위해 인체 정상 피부 섬유아세포( CCD986sk cell)에 대하여 콜라겐의 합성 촉진 효과를 측정한 결과. 잎, 줄기, 뿌리부위의 물 분획물과 잎, 줄기의 에탄올 분획물에서 콜라겐 합성 촉진 효과를 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

연도그룹에 따른 도체특성의 차이는 tender 그룹이 tough 그룹에 비해 무거운 도체중과 두꺼운 등지방 두께, 우수한 근내지방도, 밝은 육색, 흰 지방 및 좋은 조직감을 나타내었다(<0.05). 근절길이의 변화는 사후 시간이 경과함에 따라 지속적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 사후 3시간 이후에 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 연도에 따른 그룹간의 비교에서는 사후 3, 6 및 24시간에서 tender 그룹이 tough 그룹에 비해 유의적으로(p<0.05) 긴 근절길이를 나타내었다. 그리고 tender 그룹은 tough 그룹에 비해 낮은 IMCT 전단가를 나타내었고(p<0.05), 관능적으로 우수한 연도와 기호성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서, 육의 연도는 다른 도체특성에 비해 등지방두께, 근내지방도 및 조직감과 밀접한 관련성을 보였으며, 사후초기인 3과 6시간에서의 근절길이를 측정함으로써 사후 24시간째 연도의 추정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 동일한 나이에서 연도와의 관련성은 총 콜라겐 및 가용성 콜라겐 함량보다는 근육내 결체조직의 강도와 더 높은 관련성 (p<0.05)이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 1994

The functional properties of mechanically deboned chicken meat(MDCM) from whole carcass, whole carcass without exsanguination, neck without skin, leg hone, and upper back and rib were studied. Also, the effects of adding different levels of gelatin and MDCM to the comminuted meats were investigated. Proximate composition values of MDCM ranged from 54.2 to 68.6% moisture, 14.5 to 19.7% protein, 12.3 to 30.1% fat, and 1.1 to 1.3% ash. The MDCM from leg hone had a higher content of fat, and a lower contents of moisture and protein. The MDCM from neck without skin tended to be opposite to the MDCM from leg hone. The total pigment and myoglobin levels were highest in MDCM from whole carcass without exsanguination such as 3.83 and 0.29 rng /g, and those from the other parts were 1.58~2.93 mg /g and 0. 17~0.31 mg /g, respectively. The emulsifying capacity and water holding capacity were highest in MDCM from neck without skin which contained lower levels of fat, collagen and hydroxyproline, but a higher level of salt soluble protein. The emulsifying capacity of comminuted meat decreased as gelatin content increased. The extractability of hydroxyproline from gelatin showed a higher solubility in acidic solution. The MDCM could he added up to 20% level without detrimentally affecting functional properties of comminuted meats although they had less water holding capacity and cooking loss as the proportion of MDCM increased.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내에서 최고의 고급육으로 유통되는 한우고기의 부위별 성분조성 및 육질특성을 조사하고자 $1^{++}$ 육질등급을 받은 거세한우 10두에서 10부위(업진, 보섭, 채끝, 등심, 꾸리, 홍두깨, 목심, 설깃, 양지, 우둔)를 선정하여 성분조성 및 육질특성을 분석하였다. 10부위간에 칼로리 함량은 $2,205{\sim}3713.20\;cal/g$ 범위였으며 특히 등심, 채끝 및 업진부위가 다른 부위들과 비교하여 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량도 $38.86{\sim}44.69\;mg/100g$ 수준으로 10부위 중에서 목심부위가 유의적으로 가장 높았고 홍두깨와 우둔부위가 다른 부위와 비교하여 유의적으로 가장 낮은 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 가용성 및 불용성 콜라겐 함량에 있어서는 부위별로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 총 콜라겐 함량은 꾸리, 목심 및 설깃부위가 가장 높았고 등심 및 채끝부위가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 맛과 관련이 있는 유리아미노산함량을 부위별로 비교한 결과 모든 부위에 glutamate와 alanine 함량이 각각 $275.99{\sim}536.04\;mg/100g$, $130.63{\sim}175.23\;mg/100g$으로 가장 높은 수준이었고 다음으로 arginine($7.00{\sim}10.49\;mg/100g$), phenylalanine($4.70{\sim}13.88\;mg/100g$), leucine ($5.98{\sim}10.26\;mg/100g$) 순으로 나타났다. 부위별 adenine diphosphate(ADP) 함량은 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나(p>0.05). Adenine mono phosphate(AMP)는 보섭과 목심 부위에서 모두 1.09%로 다른 부위보다 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). Inosine monophosphate(IMP)는 흥두깨 및 우둔부위가 각각 30.04, 33.44%로 다른 부위보다 유의적으로 가장 많았으며(p<0.05), inosine 함량은 보섭, 흥두깨 및 우둔부위가 각각 6.19, 6.25, 6.28%로 가장 많았고 반면에 hypoxanthine은 4.27%인 꾸리부위에서 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $1^{++}$ 등급 거세한우의 부위별 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과 C16:1n7, C20:3n6, C20:4n6을 제외한 부위별 지방산 조성은 유의적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다(p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1629-1640
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• 2015

This study was performed to compare carcass traits, sensory characteristics, physiochemical composition, and contents of nucleotides, collagen, and free amino acids among quality grades (QG) and to understand the association between QG and above parameters in loin and rump of Korean cattle steer. Loin and rump samples were obtained from 48 Korean cattle steers with each of four QG (QG 1++, 1+, 1, and 2; average 32 months of age). Carcass weight and marbling score (MS) were highest in QG 1++, whereas texture score measured by a meat grader was highest in QG 2. A correlation analysis revealed that MS (r = 0.98; p<0.01) and fat content (r = 0.73; p<0.01) had strong positive correlations with QG and that texture had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.78) with QG. Fat content in loin was highest but protein and moisture contents were lowest in QG 1++. Our results confirmed that a major determinant of QG is the MS; thus, intramuscular fat content. The International Commission on Illumination $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values in loin were highest in QG 1++. Numeric values of shear force in loin were lowest in QG 1++, whereas those of tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability tended to be highest in QG 1++ without statistical significance. QG was strongly correlated with juiciness (r = 0.81; p<0.01) and overall acceptability (r = 0.87; p<0.001). All sensory characteristics were higher (p<0.05) in loin than those in rump. Adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) contents in both loin and rump did not differ among QGs. No nucleotide (AMP, IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine) was correlated with any of the sensory traits. Total, soluble, and insoluble collagen contents in loin were higher in QG 1++ than those in QG 1. All three collagens had lower content in loin than that in rump. All three collagens were positively correlated with tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability. Glutamic acid content did not significantly differ among the four QGs in either loin or rump. In conclusion, it is confirmed that QG is associated with sensory traits but nucleotide contents in beef may not be a major factor determining meat palatability in the present study.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.591-597
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• 2012

This study was conducted to compare meat quality traits related to the tenderness of longissimus muscles obtained from domestic and imported steers. A total of 12 steers from three breeds were slaughtered, and were graded as quality grade 2. They were composed of 4 Hanwoo and 4 Holstein steers (domestic) as well as 4 Angus steers (imported from Australia and gained for six months in Korea until slaughtered). The longissimus lumborum muscles were separated and were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 and 14 d. Sarcomere length of Hanwoo was significantly shorter than Holstein and Angus at storage day 14 (p<0.05). The myofibrillar index was significantly lower on Hanwoo than Angus at ageing day 7, and was significantly lower than Holstein and Angus steers at storage day 14 (p<0.05). Total collagen contents of Hanwoo and Angus steers were significantly higher than Holstein on storage day 7 (p<0.05), whereas soluble collagen contents of Holstein were significantly higher than Hanwoo and Angus on storage days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition of the three breeds (p>0.05). Glutamic acid contents of Hanwoo and Angus steers were higher than those of Holstein steers at ageing day 7 and 14 (p<0.05). The results of this study have shown that there were no dramatic differences between beef from the three breeds that were fattened for 6 months under equal conditions.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.265-286
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• 1997

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are a group of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-${\beta}$)-related factors and multifunctional proteins, especially the only known biologic factors capable of inducing endochondral bone formation at an extraskeletal site. This study was performed to investigate the effect of the partially purified porcine BMP(pBMP) at an ectopic site. PBMP was partially purified from porcine bone matrix and its activity was monitored by an in vivo bioassay. The purification method utilized extraction of the bone-inducing activity with 4M guanidine, followed by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. Active fractions were assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. And the fractions were reconstituted with inactive insoluble collagenous bone matrix from rats, acid soluble type I collagen from rat tail and chondroitin-6-sulfate sodium salt and implanted into the pectroralis muscle pouches of Sprague-Dawley rats. And the carrier complex was implanted on the opposite side as control. The rats were sacrificed at the day of 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st after implantation and examined histologically, radiologically and biochemically. And alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were used as indices of bone formation. The results were as follows ; 1. Active fractions were localized in a zone between 31 and 40 KDa on SDS-PAGE. 2. The implanted 3.0mg of the partially purified pBMP induced cartilage and bone in the muscle tissue of rats through an endochondral ossification process. 3. Inactive insoluble bone matrix, type I collagen and chondroitin-6-sulfate have functioned as carriers for pBMP, but revealed some foreign body reactions. 4. Soft X-ray didn't reveal significant change between the experimental and the control group. 5. The alkaline phosphatase activities in the experimental group of 5th, 7th, 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01) with the peak in the group of 11th day. 6. With time, the calcium content of the experimental group increased. And the calcium contents in the experimental group of 11th, 14th and 21st were increased significantly compared with control (p<0.01).