• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.40
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• pp.357-386
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• 2007

At present, thirteen Buddhist bells of Unified Silla are known to the world: Six in Korea, five in Japan and two other bells, and three out of them are impossible to make out its original form. Therefore, we divided the form of Unified Silla Buddhist bells based on the ten other bells, and we tried out to prove the manufacturing technology by the comparison of the research material of Uncheon-dong bell and existing research materials of other bells, in other to find their linkage based on the alloy elemental composition. We divided Unified Silla Buddhist bell into two types: Type I has symmetric apsaras and regular patterns on its face and it was made in early Silla period; type II has asymmetric apsaras and irregular pattern arrangement and made in late Silla period. In particular, Uncheon-dong Buddhist bells is very similar to Komyoji[光明寺] temple bell from ninth century in Japan. It is peculiar that the apsaras on Uncheon-dong bell play vertical music instruments that are never seen in Unified Silla Buddhist bell. Most of Unified Silla Buddhist bell are compounded with Cu-Sn or Cu-Sn-Pb system. From eighth and ninth century, bells were cast with even composition of copper, tin and lead, and the bronze alloy ratio was similar to the record in Gogonggi[考工記], Jurye[周禮], a book from ancient China. Particularly, Uncheon-dong bell is in a rare case of Cu-Sn-Pb-As system. As had been rarely used in Unified Silla Buddhist bells, so we presented the relative research materials. As has the same nature as Pb. Because As easily volatilize at high temperature, it is hard to use. But it has its merit of solidity and durability. Pb enhances fluidity and thereby expresses the patterns more distinct; As makes the bell stronger. The result of lead isotope ratio could not exactly reveal a concrete producing center. However, over the analysis of our samples, hereby we suggest Uncheon-dong bell was made of materials from just one ore deposit.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.49-64
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• 2021

Apprenticeship education in Korea started approximately in 2005, and is divided into government-led apprenticeship education and Gyeonggi-do-led apprenticeship education. Apprenticeship education for textile and clothing-related majors in Korea is a very different process compared to Germany, where the country, companies, and schools have cooperated with each other with a long tradition, and there are many points to be supplemented. In order to explore the literature on apprenticeship education in Germany and Korea, and to understand the phenomena or actual conditions that have not been shown in the literature, interviews were conducted with two German professors living in South Korea. As a result of the analysis, Germany's long tradition and positive perception of vocational education are the basis for the establishment of apprenticeship education, and it is positioned as a system of education process. Various associations related to apprenticeship education make systematic training manuals, and then distribute certificates to trainees who have completed these courses. Therefore, companies promote the stability of the job market by educating local talents through apprenticeship training to nurture industrial manpower. Currently, in Korea's apprenticeship education, a series of procedures for developing educational courses such as company discovery and job analysis for each company are entirely entrusted to vocational high schools. Therefore, public confidence and solidity in apprenticeship education were found to be insignificant. This study has limitations in that it cannot confirm a phenomenon that has not been shown in the literature review, there is insufficient research on German literature, and the number of samples interviewed is small. However, if, based on the results of this study, an association dedicated to apprenticeship education is created in Korea and a systematic curriculum is developed, it will be able to contribute to establishing the stability of the textile and apparel labor market in the future.