• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was experimentally to investigate thermal performance of heat pipe for evacuated tubular solar collector. Two sets of evacuated tubular solar collector with different condenser shape of heat pipe were prepared. The experiments were performed under the same operating condition with an indoor testing apparatus. Also, the experiments were carried out various testing conditions including inclination, flow rate, and incident heat flux. The results of thermal performance of collector with enlarged condenser showed that $F_R({\tau}{\alpha})$ was 0.6572 and $F_RU_L$ was -2.0086 at $40^{\circ}$. And the results of thermal performance of collector with straight condenser showed that $F_R({\tau}{\alpha})$ was 0.6233 and $F_RU_L$ was -1.4996 at the same inclined angle.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-115
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• 1995

동해에서의 해양-대기 열교환량을 1961년부터 1990년까지의 선상관측자료와 1976 년부터 1985년까지의 일본기상처 부표자료를 이용하여 구하였다. 그리고 이 결과와 해 양상층부 200m 내의 열용량의 계절변화로부터 해양내부의 열유동량을 계산하였다. 겨 울에는 유입되는 단과복사량과 방출되는 장파오복사량의 크기가 비슷해 복사에 의한 열방출량은 적지만 열속과 자멸속이 강하여 전 해역에서 대기로 많은 열량을 방출한 다. 유효열방출량의 공간적인 변화폭은 100 Wm/SUP -2/이상이며, 최대의 열방출량은 쓰가루해협 부근에서 일어나고 대한해협과 울릉분지역등 남부역이 높은 방출량이 나타 난다. 특히 남서 해역의 강한 열방출이 겨울에 동해 중층균실수의 형성에 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 여름에는 강한 태양복사와 낮은 난류속의 영향으로 전해역에서 120~ 140 Wm/SUP -2/의 비슷한 크기로 해양이 가열된다. 해양내부의 열유동은 일본연안에서 양의 값을 나타내 여름의 강한 대마난류에 의한 열량의 유입을 보이며, 그 크기는 해 면을 통해 흡수한 열량보다 커서 여름에는 대마난류에 의한 열유입이 중요함을 보여준 다. 한국연안에서는 음의 값으로 수온이 낮은 북한 한류계수의 남하를 나타낸다. 봄과 가을은 3월과 100월에 각각 최소, 최대를 나타낸다. 유효열교환량의 연변화폭은 남서 해역의 경우 약 580 Wm/SUP -2/이다. 해표면을 통한 연평균 유효열교환량은 모든 해역 에서 음의 값으로 대기중으로 열량을 방출하며, 그 크기는 쓰가루해협부근에서 -130 Wm/SUP -2/로 강하고 대한해협과 울릉분지역에서도 이웃하는 해역보다 많은 열량을 방 출한다. 위도 35$^{\circ}$~39$^{\circ}$N 사이에서의 공간적인 연평균값의 크기는 단파복사량, 자멸 속, 장파복사, 열속의 크기로 각각 129, -90, -58, -32Wm/SUP -2/으로 유효열교환량은 -51W/SUP -2이다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.90-95
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• 2008

An SHGC(Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) is a determinant of total flux of solar radiation coming indoor and a critical factor in evaluating heating and cooling load. U-value represents heat loss while SHGC denominates heat gain. Recently, windows with high solar gain, mid solar gain or low solar gain are being produced with the development of Low-E coating technology. This study evaluated changes in energy consumption for heating and cooling according to changes in SHGC when using double-layered Low-E glass and triple layered Low-E glass in relation to double layered clear glass as base glass. An Office was chosen for the evaluation. For deriving optical properties of each window, WINDOW 5 by LBNL, an U.S. based company. and the results were analyzed to evaluate performance of heat and cooling energy on anannual basis using ESP-r, an energy interpretation program. Compared to the energy consumption of the double layered clear glass, the double layered Low-E glass with high solar gain consumed $69.5kWh/m^2,yr$, 9% more than the double layered clear glass in cooling energy. The one with mid solar gain consumed $63.1kWh/m^2,yr$, 1% less than the base glass while the one with low solar gain consumed $57.6kWh/m^2,yr$, 10% less than the base glass. When it comes to tripled layered glass, the ones with high solar showed 2% of increase respectively while the one with mid solar gain and low solar gain resulted 5% and 11% in decrease in energy consumption due to low acquisition of solar radiation. With respect to cooling energy. it was found that the lower the SHGC. the less energy consumption becomes.

• 태양에너지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 1986

The study on the characteristics of heat transfer by various working fluid and wick structure is an important subject in order to design low temperature heat pipe. The purpose of this research was to study the heat transfer characteristics of heat pipe according to various working fluid and wick thickness by ADI method and experimental results. As the results the heat transfer by various working fluid could improve by good heat conductivity of fluid and small ratio t/k. The working fluid could be selected in close vicinity to boiling temperature among fluid properties the value of ratio little influenced heat transfer of heat pipe. In case of distilled water, the response of the effect in heat recovery was more rapidly showed than response of other working fluid. The maximum heat flux increased in proportion to the characteristics of working fluid but the pore and wick permeability among wick characteristic was little effect in the wetting state.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Ground source heat pump system can achieve high efficiency of performance by utilizing annually constant underground temperature to provide heat source for space heating and cooling. Generally, the depth of constant-temperature zone under the ground depends on surface heat flux and soil properties. The deeper the ground heat exchanger is installed, the higher the heat exchange rate can be acquired. However, in order to optimally design the system, it is necessary to consider both the installation cost and the system performance. In this study, performance analysis of ground source heat pump system according to the depth has been conducted through the case study.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2009

In these days, it attracts our attention to create a green outdoor environment around the building block in urban area. Green space and permeable ground covering are increased by laws and regulations. According to these trends, variety researches for improving outdoor environment are accomplished at this moment. However, the problems for outdoor environment such as heat island effect and air contaminant in urban area are still reported. The purpose of this study is to examine the variables to affect the formation of outdoor thermal environment by quantitative analysis. As a initial study, in this paper, the effect of ground composition on changes of surface temperature and heat flux in multi-residential building were analyzed by field measurement and numerical simulation. Through field measurement, the surface temperature and heat flux of artificial ground in multi-residential building in Suwon city were measured. The result showed that the surface temperature was decreased by about $20^{\circ}C$ with afforestation of artificial ground compared with those of concrete covering. Moreover, the inner temperature of artificial ground was changed as same behaviors of outdoor temperature changes to depths of 20cm. In simulation, the effect of soil types and depth of artificial ground on the changes of the surface temperature and heat flux were analyzed. As results, the natural soil ground was more effective against lowering the surface temperature than any other cases in the analyzed cases.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to study on the heat transfer characteristics of separate type heat pipe with a rotor. The heat transfer characteristics of the rotor condenser are various on input heat of evaporator, rotational speeds of rotor, and working fluid amount. The results obtained from the study are as follows. 1. Magnetic fluid using seal of the rotor operated in stability by a variation of temperature and rotation speeds. The configuration of magnetic fluid seal assembly was adequate. 2. Steam ejector is effective in recovering working fluid condensate in the rotor. When steam ejector is operating, the heat flux of working fluid does not change, with the wall temperature in the rotor. 3. The optimum design conditions on working fluid amount and rotational speeds are effective in evaporator volume 50%, rotational speeds 200rpm, 300rpm, and operating temperature $80^{\circ}C$. With working fluid amount increasing, overall heat transfer coefficient decreases linearly.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.303-310
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• 2002

The bending vibration and thermal flutter instability of spacecraft booms modeled as circular thin-walled beams of closed cross-section and subjected to thermal radiation loading is investigated in this paper. Thermally induced vibration response characteristics of a composite thin walled beam exhibiting the circumferantially uniform system(CUS) configuration are exploited in connection with the structural flapwise bending-lagwise bending coupling resulting from directional properties of fiber reinforced composite materials and from ply stacking sequence. The numerical simulations display deflection time-history as a function of the ply-angle of fibers of the composite materials, damping factor, incident angle of solar heat flux, as well as the boundary of the thermal flutter instability domain. The adaptive control are provided by a system of piezoelectric devices whose sensing and actuating functions are combined and that an bonded or embedded into the host structure.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

It is essential to know the heat transfer characteristics at the absorber plate of Flat-plate solar collector for optimum design. For flat-plate solar collector, it is difficult to experimentally study the effect for the Reynolds number of riser considering low mass flow rate being applied into the collector with one riser tube. So, this study were performed to show the heat transfer characteristics of flat-plate solar collector with single absorber plate and riser for various Reynolds number at riser using commercial code FLUENT 6.0. The base collector size is chosen with $0.4m^2$ as 0.2m by 2m with single riser in this study, Reynolds number at riser is from 200 to 1200 including about 530 at typical flat-plate collector with 10 risers considering the mass flow rate of 0.02kg/s per collector area for the certificate test Through the simulation, the results were presented as the temperature distribution at the absorber plate for various flow rate and solar irradiance conditions, then showed the effective length scale of the absorber plate The real solar irradiation condition is assumed as the constant heat flux condition of $500w/m^2$ considering the annual average solar irradiance in Korea.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2000

In the present study, the characteristics of conductive and convective heat transfer occurred in a circular absorber of PTC (parabolic trough concentrator) for medium temperature solar energy utility were numerically investigated. A circular tube was considered as an absorber and the shape of PTC modeled in this study was based on the system that was installed in Korea Institute of Energy Research. Not only convection inside the tube but also conduction through the wall of the tube were analyzed, simultaneously. Circumferentially non-uniform heat flux that was simulated from the non-uniform solar disc model proposed by Jose was applied as thermal boundary condition on the tube surface. And, hydrodynamically fully developed laminar velocity profile was used as the inlet boundary condition and it was assumed that the working fluid was water. And, local heat fluxes at the interface of the tube and the working fluid were calculated for different wall thickness and thermal conductivity of the tube at various Reynolds number. Based on the results, the effects of thermal conduction of the tube on the local heat transfer were investigated.