• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.86-95
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• 2010

Ground movements during tunnelling have the potential for major impact on nearby buildings, utilities and streets. The impacts on buildings are assessed by linking the magnitude of ground loss at the source of ground loss around tunnel to the lateral and vertical displacements on the ground surface, and then to the lateral strain and angular distortion, and resulting damage in the building. To prevent or mitigate the impacts on nearby buildings, it is important to understand the whole mechanism from tunnelling to building damage. This paper discusses tunneling-induced ground movements and their impacts on nearby buildings, including the importance of the soil-structure interactions. In addition, a building damage criterion, which is based on the state of strain, is presented and discussed in detail and the overall damage assessment procedure is provided for the estimation of tunnelling-induced building damage considering the effect of soil-structure interaction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

Scaled centrifuge modelling techniques were used to study the soil-structure interactions and performance of a jointed rollable aluminium roadway (or trackway) system on soft clay under light truck tyre loads. The measured performance and subsequent analyses highlighted that the articulated connections significantly reduced the overall longitudinal flexural stiffness of the roadway leading to stress concentrations in the soil below the joints under tyred vehicle loadings. This resulted in rapid localised failure of the supporting soil that in turn led to excessive transverse flexure of the roadway and ultimately plastic deformations. It is shown that the performance of rollable roadway systems under tyred vehicle trafficking will be improved by eliminating joint rotation to increase longitudinal stiffness.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2014

The spudcan requires the suitable design considering the soil, platform, and environmental conditions. Its shape needs to be designed to secure sufficient reaction of soil so that it can prevent overturning accidents. Its shape also has to minimize the installation and extraction time. Even in the same soil condition, the reaction of soil may be different depending on the shape of spud can, mainly the slope of top and bottom plates. Therefore, in this study, the relation between the slope of plates and the reaction of soil with and without water jetting is analyzed to better understand their interactions and correlations. For the investigation, a wind turbine installation jack-up rig (WTIJ) is selected as the target platform and the Gulf of Mexico is considered as the target site. A multi layered (sand overlying two clays) soil profile is applied as the assumed soil condition and the soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis is performed by using ANSYS to analyze the effect of the slope change of the bottom plate and water jetting on the reaction of soil. This kind of investigation and simulation is needed to develop optimal and smart spudcan with water-jetting control in the future.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권4C호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2009

본 논문은 지반굴착으로 인해 발생된 인접지반에서의 진행성 지반변위가 구조물에 미치는 영향을 구조물 및 지반의 특성을 달리하면서 지반-구조물 상호작용이 고려된 상태에서 조사한 것이다. 지반굴착에 의해 발생된 진행성 지반변위에 노출된 4층 및 2층의 블록식구조물이 서로 다른 조건의 지반위에 위치할 때 발생되는 구조물 거동이 수치해석을 통해 조사된다. 수치해석을 위한 구조물은 소요전단 및 인장강도 이상의 응력이 발생할 때 구조물에 크랙이 발생될 수 있도록 모델링되었다. 굴착유발 진행성 지반변위에 노출된 4층 및 2층의 블록식구조물의 거동은 지반변위의 진행단계에 따라 조사되며, 이로부터 얻어진 거동특성은 구조물이 지반굴착의 최종단계에서 일어나는 지반변위에 일시에 노출될 때 발생하는 구조물의 거동특성과도 비교된다. 서로 다른 구조물 특성 및 지반조건을 가진 구조물이 진행성 지반변위 및 최종 지반변위에 노출될 때 발생하는 거동비교는 구조물에 발생한 크랙의 분포정도 및 변형크기를 고려하면서 조사되며, 이러한 비교로부터 얻어진 결과는 지반굴착으로 인해 유발되는 인접구조물의 손상을 제어하고 최소화하는데 필요한 정보를 제공한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.101-119
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• 2005

An efficient methodology is presented to evaluate the seismic behavior of a Fluid-Elevated Tank-Foundation/Soil system taking the embedment effects into accounts. The frequency-dependent cone model is used for considering the elevated tank-foundation/soil interaction and the equivalent spring-mass model given in the Eurocode-8 is used for fluid-elevated tank interaction. Both models are combined to obtain the seismic response of the systems considering the sloshing effects of the fluid and frequency-dependent properties of soil. The analysis is carried out in the frequency domain with a modal analysis procedure. The presented methodology with less computational efforts takes account of; the soil and fluid interactions, the material and radiation damping effects of the elastic half-space, and the embedment effects. Some conclusions may be summarized as follows; the sloshing response is not practically affected by the change of properties in stiff soil such as S1 and S2 and embedment but affected in soft soil. On the other hand, these responses are not affected by embedment in stiff soils but affected in soft soils.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2004

Effects of elevated $CO_2$ on soil microorganisms are known to be mediated by various interactions with plants, for which such effects are relatively poorly documented. In this review, we summarize and syn­thesize results from studies assessing impacts of elevated $CO_2$ on soil ecosystems, focusing primarily on plants and a variety the of microbial processes. The processes considered include changes in microbial biomass of C and N, microbial number, respiration rates, organic matter decomposition, soil enzyme activities, microbial community composition, and functional groups of bacteria mediating trace gas emission such as methane and nitrous oxide. Elevated $CO_2$ in atmosphere may enhance certain micro­bial processes such as $CH_4$ emission from wetlands due to enhanced carbon supply from plants. How­ever, responses of extracellular enzyme activities and microbial community structure are still controversy, because interferences with other factors such as the types of plants, nutrient availabilitial in soil, soil types, analysis methods, and types of $CO_2$ fumigation systems are not fully understood.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2024

Aiming at the current research on the dynamic response analysis of the vehicle-bridge system under earthquake, which fails to comprehensively consider the impact of seismic wave incidence angles, terrain effects and soil-structure dynamic interaction on the bridge structure, this paper proposes a multi-point excitation input method that can consider the oblique incidence seismic P Waves based on the viscous-spring artificial boundary theory, and verifies the accuracy and feasibility of the input method. An overall numerical model of vehicle-bridge-soil foundation system in valley terrain during oblique incidence of seismic P-wave is established, and the effects of seismic wave incidence characteristics, terrain effects, soil-structure dynamic interactions, and vehicle speeds on the dynamic response of the bridge are analyzed. The research results indicate that with an increase in P wave incident angle, the vertical dynamic response of the bridge structure decreased while the horizontal dynamic response increased significantly. Traditional design methods which neglect multi-point excitation would lead to an unsafe structure. The dynamic response of the bridge structure significantly increases at the ridge while weakening at the valley. The dynamic response of bridge structures under earthquake action does not always increase with increasing train speed, but reaches a maximum value at a certain speed. Ignoring soil-structure dynamic interaction would reduce the vertical dynamic response of the bridge piers. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the seismic design of vehicle-bridge systems in complex mountainous terrain under earthquake excitation.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2006

The finite element method is a practical tool to compute the response of the irregularly layered soil deposit to the base-rock motions. The method is useful not only in estimating the interaction between the structure and the surrounding soil as a whole and the local behavior of the contacting area in detail, but also in predicting the resulting behavior of the superstructure affected by such soil-structure interactions. However, the computation of finite element analysis is marched in the time domain (TD), while the site response analysis has been carried out mostly in the frequency domain (FD) with equivalent linear analysis. This study is intended to compare the results of the TD and FD analysis with focus on the peak response accelerations and the predominant frequencies, and thus to evaluate the applicability and the validity of the finite element analysis in the site response analysis. The comparison shows that one can obtain the results very close to that of FD analysis, from the finite element analysis by including sufficiently large width of foundation in the model and further by applying partial mode superposition. The finite element analysis turned out to be well agreeing with FD analysis in their computed results of the peak acceleration and the acceleration response spectra, especially at the surface layer.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 말뚝 기초로 지지된 상부 구조물의 동적 해석을 하였다. 구조물 해석에는 반무한체 방법을 이용하였으며, 이 방법의 입력자료가 되는 임퍼 던스 함수를 구하는 방법과 각 방법으로 구한 상부구조물의 거동을 상호 비교해 보았다. 먼저 단말뚝에 대한 임피던스 함수를 Equivalent Cantilever 방법, Novak이 제안한 방법, Gazetas가 제안한 방법, Kuhlemeyer가 제안한 방법으로 구하였으며, 군 효과는 Novak에 의 해 제안된 방법, 군 효과 비(Group Efficiency Ratio, GER), Poulos가 제안한 정적영향계수를 이용한 방법, Kaynia 8E Kausel이 제안한 동적영향계수를 이용한 방법 등을 이용하였으며, 구조물의 상부 변위, 저 면에서의 전단력과 휨모우먼트에 대한 상호 비교를 하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 각 방법으로 구한 강성과 감쇠 값은 그 차이가 상당히 크게 나타났으며, Novak이 제안한 방법이 가장 작고, Kuhlemeyer가 제안한 방법이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한,각 방법에 의한 군효과를 비교, 분석해 본 결과 강성효과는 비교적 유사한 결과를 보이나, 감쇠의 경우 군효과의 차이가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 2.말뚝의 설치로 인해 상부변위는 200A이상 감소하였으며,반면에 말뚝 설치로 인한 강성 증가 효과로 인해 저면에서의 전단력과 휭모우먼트는 크게는 2배 이상 커짐을 알 수 있으며, 공명 현상을 일으키는 frequency가 약 2배 이상 증가함을 알 수 있다. 3. 말뚝 시스템의 강성과 감쇠의 산정시 주파수 종속값과 독립간을 사용한 차이로 인한 상부변 위,저 면에서의 전단력,횝모우먼트의 변화는 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 지진가속도가 커짐에 따라 말뚝의 설치에 의한 상부변위 감소 효과가 더욱 커짐을 알 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.417-431
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• 2024

The fundamental period of vibration is one of the most critical parameters in the analysis and design of structures, as it depends on the distribution of stiffness and mass within the structure. Therefore, building codes propose empirical equations based on the observed periods of actual buildings during seismic events and ambient vibration tests. However, despite the fact that infill walls increase the stiffness and mass of the structure, causing significant changes in the fundamental period, most of these equations do not account for the presence of infills walls in the structure. Typically, these equations are dependent on both the structural system type and building height. The different values between the empirical and analytical periods are due to the elimination of non-structural effects in the analytical methods. Therefore, the presence of non-structural elements, such as infill panels, should be carefully considered. Another critical factor influencing the fundamental period is the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). Most seismic building design codes generally consider SSI to be beneficial to the structural system under seismic loading, as it increases the fundamental period and leads to higher damping of the system. Recent case studies and postseismic observations suggest that SSI can have detrimental effects, and neglecting its impact could lead to unsafe design, especially for structures located on soft soil. The current research focuses on investigating the effect of infill panels on the fundamental period of moment-resisting and eccentrically braced steel frames while considering the influence of soil-structure interaction. To achieve this, the effects of building height, infill wall stiffness, infill openings and soil structure interactions were studied using 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18-story 3-D frames. These frames were modeled and analyzed using SeismoStruct software. The calculated values of the fundamental period were then compared with those obtained from the proposed equation in the seismic code. The results indicate that changing the number of stories and the soil type significantly affects the fundamental period of structures. Moreover, as the percentage of infill openings increases, the fundamental period of the structure increases almost linearly. Additionally, soil-structure interaction strongly affects the fundamental periods of structures, especially for more flexible soils. This effect is more pronounced when the infill wall stiffness is higher. In conclusion, new equations are proposed for predicting the fundamental periods of Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) and Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) buildings. These equations are functions of various parameters, including building height, modulus of elasticity, infill wall thickness, infill wall percentage, and soil types.