• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.183-183
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• 2017

In the early part of rice growth, root volume primarily limits the amount of plant-accessible nitrogen (N). Therefore, knowledge of the root development is important for modeling N uptake of rice. The timing when the volume of rhizosphere cover the whole soil is also important to carry out timely top dressing. However, information about initial root expansion and associated N uptake is limited due to intrinsic technical difficulties in assessing below-ground processes. Some studies, however, showed a close relationship between below-ground root and above-ground leaf development, suggesting a possibility that above-ground attributes could serve as surrogates for the root processes. In this study, we investigated the relationship between below-ground and above-ground development of rice. Field experiments were conducted where we cultivated Koshihikari (a leading cultivar in Japan) for four different cropping schedules in 2012. In 2016, Gimbozu (HEG4) and three flowering time mutant lines of Gimbozu (X61 (se13), HS276 (ef7), DMG9 (se13, ef7)) were examined for a single season. Experiments were performed with three replications in a completely randomized design. We monitored ammonium-N concentration ([NH4+-N]) in soil solution by repeatedly taking samples from a porous tubing (10-cm long) vertically inserted at the most distant point from surrounding rice hills. Samples were taken in triplicate (= triplicate tubes) and every three days from transplanting in each experimental unit. For above-ground attributes, leaf area index (LAI) was measured in 2012, whereas soil coverage ratio was estimated by image processing in 2016. Results showed that [NH4+-N] increased gradually after transplanting and then rapidly decreased from a certain day. This distinct drop in [NH4+-N] informed us the timing at which the rice root system reached the point of porous tubing and thus essentially covered the whole soil volume. The LAI at the dropping point was about 0.43 regardless of the cropping schedules in 2012 experiment. In 2016, the coverage ratio at the N dropping point was within the range of 0.12 to 0.19 for four genotypes having different growth durations. In addition, the coverage ratios at seven weeks after the transplanting showed a good correspondence to LAI across the four genotypes. We therefore conclude that both LAI and coverage ratio may serve as robust indicators for root development and might be useful to estimate the timing when the root system fully cover the soil volume. Results obtained here will also contribute to develop models that can predict not only above-ground canopy development but also associated below-ground processes.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2016

The development of models for agriculture systems, especially for crop production, has supported the prediction of crop yields under various environmental change scenarios and the selection of better crop species or cultivar. Crop models could be used as tools for supporting reasonable nutrient management approaches for agricultural land. This paper outlines the simplified structure of main crop models (crop growth model, crop-soil model, and crop-soil-environment model) frequently used in agricultural systems and shows diverse application of their simulated results. Crop growth models such as LINTUL, SUCROS, could provide simulated data for daily growth, potential production, and photosynthesis assimilate partitioning to various organs with different physiological stages, and for evaluating crop nutrient demand. Crop-Soil models (DSSAT, APSIM, WOFOST, QUEFTS) simulate growth, development, and yields of crops; soil processes describing nutrient uptake from root zone; and soil nutrient supply capability, e.g., mineralization/decomposition of soil organic matter. The crop model built for the DSSAT family software has limitations in spatial variability due to its simulation mechanism based on a single homogeneous field unit. To introduce well-performing crop models, the potential applications for crop-soil-environment models such as DSSAT, APSIM, or even a newly designed model, should first be compared. The parameterization of various crops under different cultivation conditions like those of intensive farming systems common in Korea, shortened crop growth period, should be considered as well as various resource inputs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.819-825
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• 2016

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of silicate fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of silicate fertilizer for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) and silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S). The 46-yr input of $2\;ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of silicate fertilizer increased pH 0.6 ~ 1.1 and exchangeable Ca $2.0{\sim}2.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) compared with no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Also, available silicate concentrations of silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) increased $169mg\;kg^{-1}$ compared to no silicate fertilizer treatments. In Period II ('90~'14), the mean annual Si field balance varied from 62 to $175kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments, indicating continuous accumulation of soil Si. Silicon uptake and grain yield of rice had greater differences between N treatment and N+S treatment than other treatments. This showed that the application of silicate fertilizer had greater effect in nutrient-poor soils than in proper nutrient soils. Thus the application of silicate fertilizer led to improvement the fertility of soil and increasement of rice production for the lack of soil nutrients.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1978

수도추비용시제복합비료(水稻追肥用試製複合肥料) (조선비료공업주식회사(朝鮮肥料工業株式會社) 제품(製品)) 17-0-17과 17-0-14의 비효를 밝히기 위(爲)하여 수도(水稻)아끼바레를 표식작물(標識作物)로 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 정조(正租)의 수량(收量)과 질소(窒素) 및 가리(加里)의 흡수량(吸收量)으로 보아 시제복합비료(試製複合肥料)의 비효는 단비요소(單肥尿素) 염화가리(鹽和加里)에 뒤떨어지지 않는다. 2. 복합비료(複合肥料) 17-0-17 입제(粒製)는 비효가 완만하여 수비용(穗肥用)보다는 유효분벽기비용으로 가(可)할 것 같다. 3. N K 복비(複肥)의 추비(追肥)는 수량(收量)과 양분(養分)의 흡수량(吸收量)을 증가(增加)하고 시험후(試驗後) 토양(土壤)의 치환성가중함량(置煥性加里含量)을 증가(增加)한다는 점(點)으로 보아 시제복비(試製複肥)와 같은 비료(肥料)의 개발(開發)에 관(關)하여 적극적(積極的)인 고려(考慮)가 필요(必要)한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify transition characteristics of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) and to calculate bio-concentration factors (BCF) in the three perennial root medicinal plants, namely Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduck), Platycodon grandiflorum (Balloon flower) and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) grown in major medicinal plant producing districts in Korea. Average BCF values ranged from 0.009~0.029 in As, 0.334~1.453 in Cd, and 0.021~0.023 in Pb in three perennial root medicinal plants. The BCF values increased in the order of ginseng (0.029) > deodeok (0.012) > balloon flower (0.009) for As, balloon flower (1.453) > deodeok (0.685) > ginseng (0.334) for Cd, and ginseng (0.023) > deodeok (0.022) > balloon flower (0.021) for Pb. The BCF values calculated in this study will be useful for predicting the uptake of heavy metal (loid)s. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of toxic metal (loid)s by agricultural products is required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1500-1512
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• 2017

In this study, the siderophore-producing characteristics and conditions of Bacillus sp. PZ-1 were investigated and the enhancement of siderophores on Pb uptake and translocation in Brassica juncea were determined. Results of single factor experiment showed that glucose, pH, and $Pb(NO_3)_2$ could stimulate PZ-1 growth and siderophore production. The maximum siderophore production of 90.52% siderophore units was obtained by response surface methodology optimization at the glucose concentration of 21.84 g/l, pH 6.18, and $Pb(NO_3)_2$ concentration of $245.04{\mu}mol/l$. The type of siderophore was hydroxamate and its concentration in the fermentation broth amounted to $32.24{\mu}g/ml$. Results of pot experiments indicated that the siderophores enhanced B. juncea to assimilate more Pb from soil with the uptake ratio from 1.04 to 2.74, and to translocate more Pb from underground to overground with the TF values from 1.21 to 1.48. The results revealed that Bacillus sp. PZ-1 could produce abundant siderophores and might be potentially used to augment the phytoextraction of Pb from soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 1982

국내산(國內産) 광물(鑛物)을 주(主) 원료(原料)로 이용(利用) 용융방법(熔融方法)으로 종합미량원소비료(綜合微量元素肥料)를 제조(製造)하여 배추를 공시(供試) 비효시험을 실시(實施)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 종합미량원소비료(綜合微量元素肥料) 시용(施用)으로 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 30-40%의 증수효과가 있었다. 2. 식물분 미량원소흡수량(微量元素吸收量)은 B의 경우(境遇) 현저(顯著)하게 증가(增加)하였으나 Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn은 증가(增加)하지 않았다. 3. 시험후(試驗後) 토양중(土壤中) 미량원소(微量元素) 함량(含量)은 B의 경우(境遇) 증가(增加)되었으나 기타(其他) 미량원소(微量元素)는 차이(差異)가 없었다.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.775-786
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• 2018

To test the hypothesis that humic acid (HA), anaerobically digested pig slurry filtrate (APS), and their combination would differently affect the chemical speciation and extractability of metals (cadmium, copper, and zinc) and their uptake by plants, we conducted a pot experiment using wormwood in two texturally contrasting soils (sandy loam and clay loam) collected from a field near an abandoned Cu mine. Four treatments were laid out: HA at $ 23.5g\;kg^{-1}$ (HA), APS at $330mL\;kg^{-1}$ (APS), HA at $ 23.5g\;kg^{-1}$ and APS at $330mL\;kg^{-1}$ (HA + APS), and a control. Each treatment affected the chemical speciation and mobility of the metals, and thereby resulting in variable patterns of plant biomass yield and metal uptake. The APS supported plant growth by increasing nutrient availability. HA supported or hindered plant growth by impacting the soil's water and nutrient retention capacity and aeration, in a soil texture-dependent manner, while consistently enhancing the immobilization of heavy metals. Temporal increases in whole-plant dry matter yield and metal accumulation suggested that the plants were capable of metal hyperaccumulation. The results were discussed in terms of the mobility of metals and plant growth and corroborated by the $^{15}N$ recovery of soil- and plant-N pools under H and HS treatments. Therefore, for effective phytoremediation of polluted soils, an appropriate combination of plant growth promoters (APS) and chelating agents (HA) should be predetermined at the site where chemical stabilization of pollutants is desired.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2018

Radionuclides were deposited at forest areas in eastern parts of Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident in March 2011. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi have important effects on radiocaesium dynamics in forest ecosystems. We examined the effect of colonization by the EM fungus Astraeus hygrometricus on the uptake of cesium (Cs) and potassium (K) by Pinus densiflora seedlings. Pine seedlings exhibited enhanced growth after the EM formation due to the colonization by A. hygrometricus. Additionally, the shoot Cs concentration increased after the EM formation when Cs was not added to the medium. This suggests that A. hygrometricus might be able to solubilize Cs fixed to soil particles. Moreover, the shoot K concentration increased significantly after the EM formation when Cs was added. However, there were no significant differences in the root K concentration between EM and non-EM seedlings. These results suggest that different mechanisms control the transfer of Cs and K from the root to the shoot of pine seedlings.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2023

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and crop production. However, N in soil is usually insufficient for plant growth. Thus, chemical N fertilizer has been extensively used to increase crop production. Due to negative effects of N rich fertilizer on the environment, improving N usage has been a major issue in the field of plant science to achieve sustainable production of crops. For that reason, many efforts have been made to elucidate how plants regulate N uptake and utilization according to their surrounding habitat over the last 30 years. Here, we provide recent advances focusing on regulation of N uptake, allocation of N by N transporting system, and signaling pathway controlling N responses in plants.