• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.45-57
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• 2001

An alternating current (AC) corrosion using coupon has been studied. Coupons were applied in terms of AC voltage from high value to low value through the survey of AC voltages on buried gas transmission pipeline over the country. Parameters such as AC current density of coupon, AC voltage, cathodic protection potential, soil resistivity and frequency were monitored continually. Corrosion induced by AC was observed even under cathodically protected condition that met cathodic protection criterion(: below -850mv vs. CSE). Corrosion rate was affected mainly not by AC voltage but by both of frequency and AC current density. An experimental corrosion rate relationship could be obtained statistically, in which AC corrosion rate increased linearly with effective AC current density and its slope was 0.619.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2008

In case of a line-to-ground fault at transmission lines, a portion of fault current will flow into the earth through the footings of the faulted tower causing electrical potential rise nearby the faulted tower footings. In this situation, any buried pipelines or structures nearby the faulted tower can be exposed to the electrical stress by earth potential rise. Although many research works has been conducted on this phenomena, there has been no clear answer of the required separation distance between tower footings and neary buried pipeline because of its dependancy on the soil electrical charactersics of the concerned area and the faulted system. In this paper, an analytical formula to calculate the requried sepeartion distance from the faulted tower has been derived.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1995

Anchors find their use in providing tie-back resistance for submerged footings, transmission towers, tunnels and ocean structures. Laboratory model teats were performed for the short-term net ultimate uplift capacity of a circular anchors with respect to various embedment depths and moisture content in saturated bentonite. The tests have been conducted with the anchor at two different moisture contents. Based an the model test results, empirical relationships between the net load, rate of strain, and time have been developed. Test results are as follows. 1) In creep tests for load versus ultimate uplift capacity, the displacement of plate anchors rapidly increases during the primary stage but thereafter becomes constant over a period of time. 2) Displacement increased with the increase of the sustain load and embedded ratio in soil. 3) If the load is less than or equal to 75% of the short-term ultimate uplift capacity, a complete pullout does not occur due to creep.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.482-484
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• 2001

Earth resistivity and changing of grounding electrode's shape are very important factor to reduce grounding resistance. Earth resistivity has different values according to property of soil and is effected by temperature, climate, and environment. This Paper describes the effect of the grounding resistance according to the grounding type such as driven rod, counterpoise grounding and mesh grounding. And also grounding resistance values with earth resistivity and shape of grounding electrode were represented in this paper.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

An alternating current (AC) corrosion on buried pipeline has been studied using coupon and ER probe. Coupons and ER probes were applied to the sites from high value of AC voltage to low value based on the survey of AC voltages on buried gas transmission pipeline over the country. Parameters such as AC current density of coupon, AC voltage, cathodic protection potential, soil resistivity and frequency were monitored continually. Corrosion induced by AC was observed even under cathodically protected condition that met cathodic protection criterion (; below -850 mV vs. CSE). Corrosion rate was affected mainly not by AC voltage but by both of frequency and AC current density. An experimental corrosion rate relation could be obtained according to effective AC current density, in which AC corrosion rate increased linearly with effective AC current density, and its slope was 0.619 in coupon method and 0.885 in ER probes.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1986

말뚝박기에서 항타지지력을 추정하기 위하여 수많은 항타공식이 널리 사용되고 있으나 말뚝의 지지력은 해머-말뚝-지반토의 복잡한 상호작용에 의하여 변화하기 때문에 어느 공식이 현장조건에 가장 적합한 공식이라 판단하기는 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 파동이론과 말뚝의 잔류응력에 의하여 항타지지력을 해석하므로서 현장에서 간편하게 추정할 수 있는 신뢰도가 높은 산출식을 유도하여 이를 고찰하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.212-213
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• 2007

In case of a line-to-ground fault at transmission lines, a portion of fault current will flow into the earth through the footings of the faulted tower causing electrical potential rise nearby the faulted tower footings. In this situation, any buried pipelines or structures nearby the faulted tower can be exposed to the electrical stress by earth potential rise. Although many research works has been conducted on this phenomena, there has been no clear answer of the required separation distance between tower footings and neary buried pipeline because of its dependancy on the soil electrical charactersics of the concerned area and the faulted system. In this paper, an analytical formula to calculate the requried sepeartion distance from the faulted tower has been derived.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2007

본 논문은 초광대역 임펄스를 이용한 지반탐사 레이더에 있어서 지면 및 지면과 안테나 사이의 간격에 따른 임펄스 전파에 미치는 영향을 기술한다. 영향 연구를 위해 평판형 초광대역 다이폴 안테나를 개발하였다. 우선, 수치해석 방법을 이용하여 지면의 유전율 변화 및 안테나와 지면 사이의 간격에 대한 영향을 시뮬레이션하였다. 결과를 비교하기 위하여 실제 모래 및 수분이 포함된 토양으로 구성된 시험장을 제작하여, 개발된 다이폴 안테나를 사용하여 주파수 영역에서의 지면의 변화 및 안테나와 지면의 간격 차이에 의한 주파수 영역에서의 투과 특성을 조사하였다. 역 퓨리에 변환을 이용하여 주파수 영역에서 시뮬레이션 및 측정된 투과 특성을 시간 영역에서의 임펄스 응답 특성을 구하였다. 시뮬레이션과 측정 결과로부터 지면의 유전율이 높을수록 안테나와 지면과의 간격 변화가 클수록 최대 투과값이 생기는 주파수가 높아졌고, 투과 계수도 증가하였다. 시간영역에서는 유전율이 높을수록 지표면의 직접 반사에 의해 수신되는 신호가 크게 증가하였고, 수신 신호의 모양은 완전히 변형되었다. 또한, 지면과 안테나 사이의 간격 변화로 시간영역 반사 신호의 첨두치의 시간 위치가 변경됨을 알 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2017

Efforts to control viral diseases in crop production include several types of physical or chemical treatments; antiviral extracts of a number of plants have also been examined to inhibit plant viral infection. However, treatments utilizing naturally selected microorganisms with activity against plant viruses are poorly documented. Here we report isolation of a soil inhabiting bacterium, Pseudomonas oleovorans strain KBPF-004 (developmental code KNF2016) which showed antiviral activity against mechanical transmission of tobamoviruses. Antiviral activity was also evaluated in seed transmission of two tobamoviruses, Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), by treatment of seed collected from infected pepper and watermelon, respectively. Pepper and watermelon seeds were treated with culture supernatant of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004 or control strain ATCC 8062 before planting. Seeds germinated after treatment with water or ATCC 8062 yielded about 60% CGMMV or PMMoV positive plants, whereas < 20% of KBPF-004-treated seeds were virus-infected, a significantly reduced seed transmission rate. Furthermore, supernatant of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004 remodeled aggregation of PMMoV 126 kDa protein and subcellular localization of movement protein in Nicotiana benthamiana, diminishing aggregation of the 126 kDa protein and essentially abolishing association of the movement protein with the microtubule network. In leaves agroinfiltrated with constructs expressing the coat protein (CP) of either PMMoV or CGMMV, less full-size CP was detected in the presence of supernatant of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004. These changes may contribute to the antiviral effects of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2017

Objectives: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in various commercial products, but they are exposed to the environment and can induce toxicity. In this study, we investigated the environmental fate and bioaccumulation of ZnO NPs in a microcosm. Methods: The microcosm was composed of water, soil (Lufa Soil 2.2) and organisms (Oryzias latipes, Neocaridina denticulata, Semisulcospira libertina). Point five and 5 mg/L of ZnO NPs were exposed in the microcosm for 14 days. Total Zn concentrations were measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and intracellular NPs were observed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results: In the initial stages of exposure, the Zn concentrations in water increased in all exposure groups and then decreased, while the Zn concentration in soil increased after three hours for the 5 mg/L solution. Zn concentrations also showed increasing trends in N. denticulata and S. libertina at 0.5 and 5 mg/L, and in O. latipes at 5 mg/L. Accumulation of NPs was found in the livers of O. latipes and hepatopancreas of N. denticulata and S. libertina. Conclusions: In the early stages of exposure, ZnO NPs remained in the water, and then were transported to the soil and test species. Unlike other species, total Zn concentrations in N. denticulata and S. libertina increased for both 0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L. Therefore, ZnO NPs were more easily accumulated in zoobenthos than in fish.