• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1964

Cha, Jong Whan (Dept. of Biology, Graduate School, Dong Kuk Univ.) The changes of chemical properties of forest soils in dry and wet seasons. Kor. Jour. Bot. VII(2): 1-8, 1964. Soil selected for the present investigation was collected from a mountain of the Forestry Experiment Station of the vicinity of Seoul. The forest communities studied were three forest and a unplanted soils. The soil samples were obtained from each forest type during dry and wet seasons. And these samples were collected from four horizons of all communities respectively. It was showed that exchangeable hydrogen was increased by rainfall, and total exchangeable base decreased in the same way. The content of nitrogen is washed away by rainfall, especially ammonium nitrogen was highly significant between dry and wet season. On the contrary, organic matter and available phosphorus were of no significant difference between dry and wet seasons. The values of pH appeared a different response in dry and wet seasons according to the plant communities. The needle-leaved forest soils showed more acidity than the broad-leaved forest soils, and the least acidity in open places. All nutrients in soil studied gradually decreased down the profiles. According to statistical analyses of the soil components among all soil horizons, total exchangeable bases in wet season indicated only significant at 1%. Exchangeable hydrogen and organic matter of the soil in dry season was particularly very low with increased depth in the profile. The fertility level of most forested soils selected for the present investigation is low according to chemical tests for available nutrient elements.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.188-195
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• 2011

Red lateritic soils are typically low in total organic carbon (TOC) and available phosphorus (AP) content and continuous fertilization is required to obtain desired crop yield. In this experiment, cattle manure in three forms (air-dried, composted and vermicomposted) were applied to red lateritic soil to study their effect on TOC and AP content of soil and probable mechanism of P-solubilization as affected by these treatments were also studied. Vermicompost was the most effective to solubilize insoluble P in red lateritic soil (Alfisols) as compared to other organic amendments (air-dried cattle manure and compost). The highest SPA in vermicompost-treated soil attributed to the comparatively higher concentration of all the three SPA isozymes in these soils. The maximum P-solubilization in these soils might be attributed to the highest SPA and presence of several organic acids like citric, lactic and oxalic acids in vermicompost-treated soils. Since, vermicompost application also increased TOC, mineralizable N and exchangeable K content of soil, vermicompost could be considered as the most rational organic amendment to improve chemical properties of red lateritic soils.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.434-440
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• 2017

In order to understand the characteristics of phosphorus in the paddy field, this study analyzed $PO_4-P$ and T-P concentrations of irrigation water, flooding water, and runoff from 2008 to 2010. The variation of phosphorous form within hydrologic cycle around the rice paddy field was investigated using the ratio of $PO_4-P$ to TP. In addition, the correlation between pH, EC, and DO in flooding water was analyzed and the factors affecting phosphorus form in paddy field were investigated. The concentration of T-P in flooding water was high during the survey period, and the concentration of T-P in runoff was assumed to be decreased by dilution due to irrigation and rainfall. On the other hand, the ratio of $PO_4-P$ to T-P was lower in flooding water than those of irrigation water and runoff, which was interpreted to be due to the fact that the phosphorus fertilizer was applied in the paddy field but the adsorption was rapidly occurred to the paddy field by the soil. The similar proportions of $PO_4-P$ to T-P in flooding water and runoff suggest that the form of phosphorus outflowed from the paddy is influenced by the form of phosphorus in the flooding water of paddy field. In addition, DO concentration in flooding water showed negative correlation with the concentrations of $PO_4-P$ and T-P. The effort to survey frequent irrigation water quality data is required for the analysis of phosphorus behavior in the paddy water system since concentration of phosphorous and DO in irrigation water would influence rhe form of phosphorous in flooding water and subsequent runoff.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 1978

Laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in the amount of inorganic phosphorus forms in soils incubated by preaddition of two kinds of phosphorus fertilizer and to various methods of available soil P. The results are summarized as following. 1. The content of Al-P form was higher in cultivated upland soil than in noncultivated soil and that of Fe-P was higher in clayey soil than in sandy soil. 2. The amount of Al-P was increased greatly by addition of Triple superphosphate and Al-P and Ca-P were increased by addition of Fused phosphate but only a little amount of Fe-P was increased by both two fertilizers. 3. The magnitute of available soil P values of different methods was in order of Bray No. 2-P>Lancaster-P${\fallingdotseq}$Bray No. 1-P>Truog-P>Olsen-P in case of addition of Triple superphosphate, while it was Lancaster-P >Bray No. 2-P>Truog-P>Bray No.1-P>Olsen-P in case of addition of Fused phosphate. 4. Extractability of soil P by variouse extractants for determining avaliable soil p was in order of Al-P>Ca-P>Fe-P but the extractability of Fe-P by Bray No. 1 and Bray No. 2 methods was very slight. 5. Bray No. 1, Bray No. 2 and extractants was more Olsen extractable about Al-P in soil than Ca-P but Lancaster and Truog metho is was more extractable about Ca-P than Al-P.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.53-60
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• 2005

This study was carried out in order to produce useful material for the forest multiple use and forest protection management by soil physio-chemical analysis of studied area in Mt. Namsan. The result of soil physio-chemical analysis and statical analysis represented as following. In side of physical properties of forest soil in Mt. Namsan, Soil depth was average 31.4cm and available soil depth was average 20.0cm. Soil type was Brown forest soil that representative soil type in Korea. Soil texture was sandy loom(SL) except valley area. In side of chemical properties, the range of soil acidity was 4.29 ~ 5.19 (average 4.76), organic matter content was 3.17% that compared the lowest value to organic matter content of Korea forest soil. Available phosphorus was 3.64ppm that was lower than others forest soil. Exchangeable cation content was similar to the Korea brown forest soil. Cation exchange capacity(CEC) was $8.22cmol_c/kg$ in Mt. Narnsan.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.spc
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

The practice of supplying nutrients for paddy soil with sustaining human health and ecological soundness is to utilize indicators considering soil chemical reactions. The long-term basis experiment of fertilizer and amendment of paddy soil and an experiment of yield response of soil types on nitrogen level from 2000 till 2002were used to search indicators of nutrient supplying capacity related to soil chemical reactions. Chemical reactions of paddy soil was composed of dissociating and/or adsorbing nutrients and of decomposing soil organic matter (SOM) into $H^+$, $e^-$, $CO_2$ in paddy soil. The indicators of nutrient supplying capacity, which were established by considering soil chemical reactions, were SOM or soil protein for nitrogen and available phosphate for phosphorus and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) and exchangeable potassium for potassium. Korea has used fertilizer recommendation equations established with the indicators of nutrient supplying capacity for paddy soil.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2009

To understand the properties of soil in Dokdo, we collected soil samples from 12 locations on Seodo and 23 locations on Dongdo, in Dokdo of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in 2007-2008 and analyzed the soil's physical and chemical characteristics. Sand comprises the largest component (49.37%) of Dokdo soil, followed by silt (40.70%) and clay (9.93%). The soil structure consists mostly of sand loam, followed by loam and silt loam. The pH level of soils from Dokdo varied dramatically among sampling sites and seasons, ranging from 3.36 to 8.02. The total ion content of Dokdo soil also varies greatly among survey places and periods, but in general the total ion content was high in summer when vegetation develops, and low in spring. The exchangeable cation contents of the soil showed low levels in samples where the soil pH was low, including habitats dominated by Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens and Echinochloa crus-galli, whereas the exchangeable cation contents were high where the organic contents were high, as in habitats dominated by Liriope platyphylla and Artemisia japonica subsp. littoricola. Soil N contents varied greatly among survey sites and higher N contents were found in soil inhabited by Chenopodiaceous plants than in habitats inhabited by other plants. The substantial differences in phosphorus contents among sites were related to excrement of black-tailed gulls. To understand the basic physical and chemical features of the soil on Dokdo, it will be necessary to conduct seasonal and long-term research on soil pH, ion contents, organic contents, N and P, as well as obtaining precise data from samples collected at different depths.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.582-587
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• 2015

This study was conducted to compare the plant growth and fruit quality of blueberries grown in different soil textures of Korea, in order to utilize the results for stable production and soil improvement. Rabbiteye blueberry cultivars 'Tifblue' and 'Baldwin' were planted and grown for three years from 2013 in wagner pot (1 $2000a^{-1}$) in a greenhouse of Namhae Sub-station, Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. The plants were grown in four soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam and silt loam, and nutrient uptake and growth characteristics of plants were investigated. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents of two cultivars grown in different soil textures ranged between 8.6 to $10.5gkg^{-1}$, which was lower than appropriate level for rabbiteye blueberry. However, the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in leaves were appropriate levels as $2.29{\sim}3.62gkg^{-1}$, $4.46{\sim}5.46gkg^{-1}$ and $1.45{\sim}2.12gkg^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphate contents in leaves were higher in the two cultivars grown in silt loam soil. There was no significant difference in plant volume and root dry weight among four soil textures in two cultivars. However, dry weight of leaves and branches were highest in loam soil. Fruit production was highest in loam and silt loam soil in two cultivars, showing negative correlation with the amount of sand in soil. However, sugar and acidity showed no correlation with sand content in soil. These results show the limit to the blueberry growth in soil that has no nutrient holding capacity; however, most of Korean soils that have good nutrient holding capacity can produce competitive fruits if the drainage is improved.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 1985

The decomposition rate of litter and the number of soil microorganisms were measured on various slope directions in deciduous oak forest in Mt. Yongam. And the chemical constitutents of litter and soil were analyzed. The decomposition rate by slope directions followed the order east facing slope>south-east facing slope>north-west facing slope>north-east facing slope>north facing slope>south facing slope>south-west facing slope>west facing slope. Of the chemical constituents analyzed, original concentrations of Ca and carbohydrate were closely correlated with the decomposition rate. There was a close relation between the number of fungi and decomposition rate by slope directions. However, a little relationship existed between the number of bacteria and decomposition rate by slope directions. The number of fungi and concentrations of Ca and carbohydrate correlated to each other. And the number of bacteria is related to concentrations of phosphorus.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1986

The decomposition of litters of Pinus densiflora and the growth of microbial populations in a calcareous region, Youngwal were compared with those in a noncalcareous region, Sinlim. The decay rate of litter in Pinus densiflora in Youngwal was 0.128 and that in Sinlim was 0.096. The differences in the populations of soil bacteria and total microorganisms between the two regions were signficant at the 5% level, but that of fungi and actinomycetes was not at that level. The differences in the content of calcium and pH value of soil between the two regions were significant at the 1% level. The excessive content of calcium became to increase pH value, in turn the high pH decreased the content of available phosphorus in soil. The vertical distribution of the content of available phsophorus was consistent with that of the populations of fungi and actinomycetes in Youngwal.