• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.384-391
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• 1998

Nutrient removal during stem harvest was evaluated in a one-year rotation willow bioenergy plantation. For the stem nutrient content, the stem biomass and stem nutrient concentration were collected in the winter of 1987-1993 from the established willow plantation at Tully, New York, U.S.A. in 1987. Five willow clones and one hybrid poplar clone were planted. Half of the plots were fertilized annually with $336kg\;ha^{-1}$ N, $112kg\;ha^{-1}$ P, and $224kg\;ha^{-1}$ K. All trees were harvested annually. Mean annual nutrient removals of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg by annual stem harvesting over seven years were respectively 30-70, 4-10, 14-40, 19-59 and $3-5kg\;ha^{-1}$. Fertilized plants exported higher quantities of nutrients than non-fertilized ones. Nontheless, quantities of nutrients exported were well below the quantities supplied by fertilization suggesting that nutrients removal by stem harvesting is not likely to cause a decrease in soil fertility. However, in non-fertilized plots, the amount of nutrients removed could result in decrease of nutrient availability and soil fertility over the long-term. An evaluation of the clones revealed that clone SV1 is the most nutrient efficient.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.419-429
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• 2022

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated in China, Korea, the United States, and Japan due to its multifunctional properties. In northwest China, transplanting after 2-3 years has become the main mode of artificial cultivation of American ginseng. However, the effects of the cultivation process on the chemical properties of the soil and bacterial community remain poorly understood. Hence, in the present study, high-throughput sequencing and soil chemical analyses were applied to investigate the differences between bacterial communities and nutrition driver factors in the soil during the cultivation of American ginseng. The responses of soil nutrition in different ecological niches were also determined with the results indicating that the cultivation of American ginseng significantly increased the soluble nutrients in the soil. Moreover, the bacterial diversity fluctuated with cultivation years, and 4-year-old ginseng roots had low bacterial diversity and evenness. In the first two years of cultivation, the bacterial community was more sensitive to soil nutrition compared to the last two years. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community regardless of the cultivation year and ecological niche. With the increase of cultivation years, the assembly of bacterial communities changed from stochastic to deterministic processes. The high abundance of Sphingobium, Novosphingobium, and Rhizorhabdus enriched in 4-years-old ginseng roots was mainly associated with variations in the available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and organic matter (OM).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2023

Appropriate fertilization methods are required according to species to supply necessary nutrients to plants and prevent soil environmental contamination in nurseries. In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth of Liriodendron tulipifera and soil characteristics were investigated. After 16 fertilization treatments (4 levels of nitrogen × 4 levels of phosphorus) were applied to one-year-old L. tulipifera seedlings at the Yongmun Nursery Station of the Korea Forest Service, height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, leaf nutrients, and soil characteristics were investigated. The height increased as the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increased, and the RCD was the highest in the ×2 treatment. Biomass growth was on average 40.0% higher for the treatment with high nitrogen fertilization compared to the low nitrogen treatment. The seedling quality index was the highest with nitrogen and phosphorus ×2 treatment. Leaf phosphorus and magnesium concentrations decreased when nitrogen fertilization was applied, and leaf potassium concentrations decreased as nitrogen fertilization increased. Soil pH and exchangeable potassium decreased as the amount of phosphorus application increased, and exchangeable magnesium decreased as the amount of nitrogen application increased and increased as the amount of phosphorus application increased. Considering the growth of L. tulipifera seedlings and changes in the soil characteristics at the nursery stage, twice the standard fertilization amount is the appropriate fertilization amount for nursery of the Yongmun Nursery Station. It is expected that this study will contribute to improving nursery soil fertilization management technology for healthy seedling production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.667-674
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• 1999

Intensive livestock production has increased dramatically in Europe since the 1960s, particularly. in Northern and Central European countries, resulting in large increases in the nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters and in atmospheric emissions of ammonia. This has arisen due to inadequate management of the large amounts manure produced, particularly where there has been insufficient land area used for efficient nutrient reuse in crop production. Nutrient pollution from intensive livestock production has progressively degraded the quality of water resources in many parts of Europe, with eutrophication of many inland and coastal waters, as well as soil acidification and ecosystem degradation. These problems have been known for many years, and although there are various international agreements on transboundary pollution, it is largely left to individual countries to set and enforce standards. Consequently, a number of different approaches are employed, although the common feature of these is to encourage farmers to use the nutrients in animal manures efficiently according to crop requirements, which also reduces the potential for accumulation in soil and subsequent loss to the environment. This paper reviews nutrient production and use in Europe and some of the strategies employed to avoid and reduce nutrient pollution.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2005

Objective of this research was to evaluate the fate of nitrogen and phosphorous in hydroponic waste solution from the plastic film house cultivation applied to the upland soil by column leaching and field experiment. The pH and EC of leachate were decreased by the reaction with the upland soil in the column leaching experiment. The EC and concentrations of $H^+,\;K^+,\;and\;{NH_4}^+$ of leachate were decreased as the column length (soil depth) was increased. But these were increased as the amounts of the hydroponic waste solution were increased field experiment growing red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) to monitor the nutrients movement using ion exchange resin capsule demonstrated that the nutrient concentration of soil solution was increased in the orders of $PO_4-P. Nitrate concentration of resin capsule inserted into the soil was relatively higher than other nutrients $(NH_4-N\;and\;PO_4-P)$ at the 45 cm of soil depth. The overall results demonstrated that the hydroponic waste solution could be recycled as plant nutrients to enhance fertility of soils. But nitrate leaching was a major factor for safe use of the hydroponic waste solution in soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.358-364
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• 2001

To obtain information for the proper fertilization management of cut-flower roses, the amount of macro and micro elements absorbed by cut-flower roses from soil for a year was investigated. Three cut-flower rose cultivars which are called 'Grandgara', 'Nobless', and 'Centina' were transplanted to a sandy loam soil, N-P-K standard fertilization was applied to the soil, and drip irrigation was done at the level of 10 kPa soil moisture tension. There was not significantly different in the harvest amount of cut-flower rose between 'Grandgara' and 'Nobless', but the harvest yield of 'Centina' was about 63% level when compared to that of 'Grandgara'. Considering seasonal changes in the content of nutrients in plant, parts, the uptake of untrients was higher in winter season than that in spring and summer seasons. Except for 'Centina', the nutrient amount removed from plant parts of 'Grandgara' and 'Nobless' increased with the sequence of floral part < stem < leaf, indicating that it is more dependent on biomass yield than on the content of nutrients in each plant part. The ratio of N/K amount absorbed by 'Nobless' and 'Centina' was 1.13 and 1.28. respectively, lower than 1.68 of 'Grandgara', showing that the requirement for K is greater in 'Nobless' and 'Centina' than in 'Grandgara'. The use efficiency of nutrients by cut-flower roses ranged from 39 to 64% in nitrogen, 5 to 9% in phosphorus, and 37 to 67% in potassium. It suggests that the requirement for P in cut-flower roses is very low.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 1997

The application of nutrients and pesticides to agricultural lands has been reported to contribute to groundwater contamination, which can be explained by preferential flow in lieu of convective-dispersive flow. An one-dimensional numerical model depicting preferential water and solute movement was modified to describe multi-layer flows. The model is based on a piecewise linear conductivity function. By combining conservation of mass and Darcy's law and using the method of characteristics a solution is obtained for water flow in which water moves at distinct velocities in different flow regions instead of an average velocity for the whole profile. The model allows transfer ofqr solutes between pore groups. The transfer is characterized by assuming mixing coefficients. The model was applied to undisturbed soil columns and an experiment site with structured sandy clay loam soil. Chloride, bromide, and 2, 4-D were used as tracers. Simulated solutes concentrations were in good agreement with the soil column data and field data in which preferential flow of solute is significant. The proposed model is capable of describing preferential solute transport under laboratory and field conditions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2013

The pilot scale biopile system was designed and operated for evaluation of bioremediation efficiency for petroleum contaminated soil. The pilot scale biopile consisted of biopile dome, aeration system and monitoring system and two biopiles were operated with nutrients and inoculum for more 100 days. The test pile A and B were analyzed with regard to pH, total carbon contents, water contents, nutrients (N, P) and TPH. The initial TPH concentrations for pile A and pile B were about 10,000 mg/kg and 2,300 mg/kg, respectively. After 100 days, the TPH contents decreased about 70% in the pile A and 30% in the pile B. Also, n-$C_{17}$/pristane and n-$C_{18}$/phytane ratios in all pile were significantly changed. The microbial densities in the pile A was increased by approximately $10^7$ CFU/g-soil~$10^8$ CFU/g-soil, but there was almost no changed in the pile B. The average biodegradation rates were calculated about 66.8 mg/kg-day in the pile A and 10.9 mg/kg-day in the pile B. Over the course of operation period, pile temperature was considered the major limiting factor for the efficiency of all biopiles.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.105-113
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• 2018

In this study physical and chemical characteristics of rice straw ash (RSA) were analyzed in agricultural by-products such as the characteristics of soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (T-P), available phosphate (Avail-P), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results showed that RSA is of mainly C in 95.74% and followed by Si > Al > P > Mg > K > Ca. The pH of RSA was high near 11 and the T-P concentration was $2,322.38{\pm}10.35mg/kg$. The specific surface area of RSA was $123.50m^2/g$, which was much lower than that of biochar. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that RSA were C and Si based crystalline. TCLP and KSLT test results implied that the heavy metal concentrations were below the environmental standards and would not impose the risks. T-P concentration increased from $225.59{\pm}12.69mg/kg$ to $593.39{\pm}17.36mg/kg$ along with RSA mixing ratio to soil from 0% to 15%. Both pH and EC values were increased with the increase of RSA ratio. The changes in Avail-P and CEC were not when RSA mixing ratio was 1%. whereas the Avail-P concentration was slightly increase when the mixing ratio was more than 5%. Additional investigation considering receiving soil characteristics based on the results of this study would help effective application of RSA to soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to Investigate the environmental changes of rhizosphere, behavior of nutrient components in soul, and nutrients uptake and growth response of the tobacco plant in the condition that mulch as polyethylene film, had been removed on the ridge at the 50th day after transplanting in comparison with continuous mulching condition. The results obtained were as follows; 1. After rainfall, soil moisture content In the plow layer was greatly increased without mulch in comparison with that of the plot with mulch. As a result, leaf water potential of tobacco plant without mulch was higher than that with mulch. 2. Available nutrients such as $NH_4-N, \;NO_3-N$, and total salts in the plow layer of the plot without mulch tended to be Increased, and especially accumulated on the surface layer owing to the redistribution of soil water by rainfall during the latter growth stage after removing mulch. 3. Nutrients uptake by tobacco was much more enhanced in the plot without mulch and resulted in higher contents of total nitrogen, $NO_3-N, \;P_2O_5, \;and K_5O$ in the tobacco leaf Especially higher content of nitrogen caused the delay of maturity resulting In the increased of dry weight of top part of tobacco in the plot without mulch toned to be Increased in comparison with that in mulching condition. Content of total nitrogen, $NO_3-N$, and nicotine in flue-lured leaves was much higher in the plot without. mulch than in mulching condition, but lower content of reducing sugar in the plot without mulch resulted in lower quality of tobacco.