Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Effects of American Ginseng Cultivation on Bacterial Community Structure and Responses of Soil Nutrients in Different Ecological Niches

  • Chang, Fan (College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University) ;
  • Jia, Fengan (Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology) ;
  • Lv, Rui (Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology) ;
  • Guan, Min (Shaanxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute) ;
  • Jia, Qingan (Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University) ;
  • Sun, Yan (College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University) ;
  • Li, Zhi (College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University)
  • Received : 2022.02.04
  • Accepted : 2022.02.21
  • Published : 2022.04.28
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Abstract

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated in China, Korea, the United States, and Japan due to its multifunctional properties. In northwest China, transplanting after 2-3 years has become the main mode of artificial cultivation of American ginseng. However, the effects of the cultivation process on the chemical properties of the soil and bacterial community remain poorly understood. Hence, in the present study, high-throughput sequencing and soil chemical analyses were applied to investigate the differences between bacterial communities and nutrition driver factors in the soil during the cultivation of American ginseng. The responses of soil nutrition in different ecological niches were also determined with the results indicating that the cultivation of American ginseng significantly increased the soluble nutrients in the soil. Moreover, the bacterial diversity fluctuated with cultivation years, and 4-year-old ginseng roots had low bacterial diversity and evenness. In the first two years of cultivation, the bacterial community was more sensitive to soil nutrition compared to the last two years. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community regardless of the cultivation year and ecological niche. With the increase of cultivation years, the assembly of bacterial communities changed from stochastic to deterministic processes. The high abundance of Sphingobium, Novosphingobium, and Rhizorhabdus enriched in 4-years-old ginseng roots was mainly associated with variations in the available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and organic matter (OM).

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400057); the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2014JM3067, 2020JM293); the Shaanxi Key Research and Development Program (2021ZDLNY05-08); the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Academy of Science (2018NK-08); and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK201604009, GK201902010).

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