• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1996

The mechanical expresion provides for the use of Soil property reserves and permanent protec-tion or improvement of soil resources in accordance with measurable standards. If the functions I (initial soil property), E (soil erosion), R (soil renewal), and M. (minimum allowable value) are assumed to be integrable in region A, erosion tolerance over a region is leaded to ${\int}_A{\int}I(m, cl, re, ch, b)dA-{\int}_A{\int}{\{\int}_{to}^{\infty}[E(w, re, c, re, ch, b, t)-R(m, ch, re, b, t)]dt}\dA{\geqq}{\int}_A{\int}M_i(m, cl, re, ch, b)dA$ were variable factors are m=parent material of soil, cl=climate, re=relief or topography, ch=soil characteristics, r=rain or water, w=wind, b=biota, and t=time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to introduce the current status and development strategy for the environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider the methodology which could be effectively applied to the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. 1. We should establish a new paradigm of forest conservation and erosion control which can emphasize the restoration of the stream side ecosystem and reduce soil movement in the areas. Also, in the past, the objective of forest conservation and erosion control was to fix soil by constructing permanent structures. The direction of future forest conservation and erosion control needs to be new forest conservation and erosion control technology to prevent large scale soil movement but allow small scale soil movement to conserve sound ecosystem and biotic habitats. 2. In the past, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planning was to fix the amount of soil movement by constructing permanent facilities. Forest conservation and erosion control planning in the future needs to change the techniques which could prevent soil movement from large scale of soil disasters, but allow soil movement effectively to a small and middle scale's soil movement. Also, it is considered to change erosion control dams from non passing type to passing type. 3. In the point of ecological conservation aspects, we should evaluate the effects of new forest conservation and erosion control methods which are emphasized on the restoration of the stream side ecosystem. Also, forest conservation and erosion control construction projects for restoring stream and river ecosystem should be planned for perfectly restorating their ecosystems by the way of sustainable maintenance and management. 4. The restoration direction of stream and river ecosystems needs to be restoring the diversity of small geographies such as waterway, shoal and puddles rather than flattening stream bed. And the restoration of the stream side ecosystem should provide continuity of the stream side environment which allows desirable biological habitats, and environmentally sound facilities to harmonize with the environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.234-238
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• 2008

The energy conservation theory is introduced for investigating processes of runoff and soil erosion on the hillslope system changed vegetation condition by wildfire The rainfall energy, input energy consisted of kinetic and potential energy, is influenced by vegetation coverage and height. Output energy at the outlet of hillslope is decided as the kinetic energy of runoff and erosion soil, and mechanical work according to moving water and soil is influenced dominantly by the work rather than the kinetic energy. Relationship between output and input energy is possible to calculate the energy loss in the runoff and erosion process. The absolute value of the energy loss is controlled by the input energy size of rainfall because energy losses of runoff increase as many rainfall pass through the hillslope system. The energy coefficient which is dimensionless is defined as the ratio of input energy of rainfall to output energy of runoff water and erosion soil such as runoff coefficient. The energy coefficient and runoff coefficient showed the highest correlation coefficient with the vegetation coverage. Maximum energy coefficient is about 0.5 in the hillslope system. The energy theory for output energy of runoff and soil erosion is presented by the energy coefficient theory associated with vegetation factor. Also runoff and erosion soil resulting output energy have the relation of power function and the rates of these increase with rainfall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows: 1. We should establish a new paradigm of forest road, forest conservation and erosion control which can emphasize the restoration of the streamside ecosystem and reduce the effects of soil movement change in the areas. And we should maintain the biotic habitats to conserve native biotic community when we practice forest road, forest conservation and erosion control works. 2. In the point of view ecological conservation aspects, we should evaluate the effects of new forest conservation and erosion control methods which is emphasized on the restoration of the streamside ecosystem to apply desirable methodology to the environmental restoration of the streamside area. 3. In the past, the objective of forest conservation and erosion control was to fix a soil by construction of permanent structures. Whereas, the direction of future's forest conservation and erosion control needs to change new forest conservation and erosion control technology to prevent large scale soil movement but allow small scale soil movement to conserve sound ecosystem and biotic habitats. 4. The restoration of the streamside ecosystem should provide continuity of the streamside environment which allows desirable biological habitats, and environmentally sound facilities to harmonize the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.113-125
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. When we establish the long term erosion control planning, we should make detail planning after considering of a certain block of watershed units. Because most of the disaster is caused by soil movement which was occurred by water contents. 2. Nowadays, the general torrent erosion control planning system in Japan focused on reducing the sediment such as by placement of erosion control facility and by restoration of afforestation, after calculation of several factors including expected amount of sediment, and the different amount of planned sediment and allowable sediment. 3. In the past, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planing was to fix the amount of soil movement by construction of permanent facilities. While, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planning in the future needs to change the techniques to a small and middle scale's soil movement which could prevent soil movement from large scale of soil disasters, but allow soil movement effectively. Also, it is considered to change erosion control dams from non passing type to passing type. 4. Restoration of stream-side ecology, erosion control for the conservation of ecology should be planned and conducted cautiously based on concepts of ecology conservation and development of environmentally sound techniques.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1996

The mathematical expression in the forest and grassland soils to express the general concepts involved in such terms "a soil erosion and soil renewal. " The net addition rate in the forest and grassland soils are represented by an equation of $(S_{rb}-S_{ra})-(S_{eb}-S_{ea})={\int}_a^bR(m, cl, re, b, t )dt-{\int}E(w, r, cl, re, ch, b, t)dt{\gtreqqless}0$ where $S_r$, is renewal soil, $S_e$ is soil erosion, and variable factors are m =parent material of soil, cl=climate, re=relief or topography, ch=soil characteristics, r=rain or water, w=wind, b=biota, and t = time.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.357-360
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• 2005

Soil loss is widely recognized as a threat to farm livelihoods and ecosystem integrity worldwide. Soil loss prediction models can help address long-range land management planning under natural and agricultural conditions. Even though it is hard to find a model that considers all forms of erosion, some models were developed specifically to aid conservation planners in identifying areas where introducing soil conservation measures will have the most impact on reducing soil loss. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) computes the average annual erosion expected on hillslopes by multiplying several factors together: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C), and support practice (P). The value of these factors is determined from field and laboratory experiments. This study calculated soil erosion using GIS-based RUSLE model in Imha basin and examined soil erosion source area using SPOT 5 high-resolution satellite image and land cover map. As a result of analysis, dry field showed high-density soil erosion area and we could easily investigate source area using satellite image. Also we could examine the suitability of soil erosion area applying field survey method in common areas (dry field & orchard area) that are difficult to confirm soil erosion source area using satellite image.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 2012

This study was conducted to analyze field inspection results of erosion control facilities within national forests and to suggest maintenance and management plan of erosion control facilities. The objects amounted to a total of 1,628 locations, comprising 308 erosion control dams and 1,320 erosion control areas (1,269.05 ha). The field inspections were conducted during March-June each year. The erosion control dams inspected were constructed during 1991-2005, with 96.4% of them, or 297 dams, constructed in or after 2000. The erosion control areas were constructed during 1986-2005, with 68.6% of them, or 903 areas, constructed in or after 2000. As for erosion control dams, there were 205 concrete erosion control dams and 68 concrete with boulder pitching erosion control dams, respectively, with 296 out of a total of 308 erosion control dams in a good condition. As for erosion control areas, there were many erosion control structures using stone masonry works and gabions, with 1,245 out of a total of 1,320 (94.3%) erosion control areas in a good condition. Overall, erosion control facilities within national forests were in a good condition, amply fulfilling their functions. As for erosion control facilities in a bad condition, they must be made to accomplish the goals of erosion control works through supplementation and repairs without fail. In addition, for the systematic maintenance and management of existing erosion control facilities and erosion control facilities constructed in the future as part of erosion control works, the construction of an erosion control facility management system is urgently needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.333-337
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to present a strategic approach to selecting prior areas of soil erosion to be examined for effective soil conservation planning and management, in conjunction with remote sensing data and GIS skill for surface characteristics. To do this, two basins are selected: Andong and Imha basin. Geographically one is in the vicinity of the other but turbidity in the main reservoir of each basin is quite different. it is important to clarify general behavior of soil erosion driven by rainfall event for both basins for further understanding and effective soil conservation planning and management. Also, Both basins are divided into several sub-basins and the severity of soil loss is intensively investigated to identify areas with high erosion potential for each sub-basin so that the efficiency of soil conservation program may increase. Especially, this study analyzed soil erodibility factor(K), topographic factor(LS), cover management factor(C) and soil erosion; 3 sub-basins for Andong basin (up-, mid-, downstream) and 6 sub-basins for Imha basin (up-, mid-, and downstream for two tributaries) because Imha basin consists of two tributaries (Banyeon and Yongjeon river). The approach suggested herein will provide a guideline for choosing prior areas to be examined and managed for soil conservation planning.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1996

This report is researched on the cause and mechanism of soil erosion in comparison among Kwangnung, Mt. Kaya, Mt. Chili, and Mt. Soorak by physical and chemical analyses of their for- est soils. Clay, silt, and fine sand of Mt. Soorak are far less than those of Mt. Chili, Mt. Kaya, and Kwangnung area while coarse sand is very high level. The clay ratio of soil at Mt. Soorak is the most high level in comparison with that of other area. Denudation at Mt. Soorak, therefore, is cause of erosion by the result of transportation of soil particles. The eroding velocity increase for larger particle size and stronger cohesion between soil particles. Very fine sand, silt, and clay can be present in suspension near the bottom and the size of the particles in suspension depends upon the velocity of the current near the bottom and the roughness of the bottom. Key words: Theoretical analyses, Soil erosion and conservation, Forest soils.