• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

신갈나무 천연림에서 솎아베기가 임내 미기후 환경과 버섯 발생에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 약 45%의 솎아베기 후 4년이 경과한 신갈나무림에 토양온도, 대기온도, 수관통과우량 및 토양수분량의 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과 솎아베기를 인하여 수관울폐율이 4월부터 10월까지 약 6% 가량 낮아졌고 토양온도와 대기온도가 8월까지 $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ 이상 높아졌다가 9월 이후에는 차이가 점점 줄어들었다. 월별 평균 일교차는 10월까지 $0.2{\sim}0.7^{\circ}C$ 가량 커졌고 이후부터는 차이가 없었다. 또한 7월~9월 동안 수관통과우량이 약 135 mm 더 많아졌고 단위시간당 수관통과우량도 최대 3.5 mm/h 많아졌다. 강우시 토양 수분량은 약 5% 이상 더 많아졌고 강우 전 수준으로 되는 기간이 약 4일가량 더 걸렸다. 솎아베기 지역의 7~9월의 버섯 발생 종은 55종으로 균근성 버섯은 10종, 부후성 버섯은 1종이 더 증가하였고. Shanon-Wiener 지수는 3.2로 0.5가량 더 높았다. 솎아베기 지역에서는 제주쓴맛그물버섯(Tylopilus neofelleus) 등이 더 빨리 발생하였으나, 진갈색주름버섯(Agaricus subrutilescens), 깔때기버섯속(Clitocybe sp.)은 더 늦게 발생하였다. 또한, 제주쓴맛그물버섯(Tylopilus neofelleus)은 우점도가 약 6%, 발생량이 약 1.5배가량 증가하였고, 뽕나무버섯속(Amillaria sp.)은 우점도가 약 30%, 발생량이 약 20배 가까이 증가하였다. 이와 같은 결과로 신갈나무림에서 솎아베기는 버섯발생에 영향을 주는 토양과 대기의 온도, 수관통과우량과 토양수분을 증가시키며 이는 버섯 발생 종의 다양성 증가, 종별 발생시기의 변화, 일부 균근성버섯과 뽕나무버섯속(Amillaria sp.)의 우점도와 발생량을 증가시킨다고 결론짓는다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

본 연구는 간척지 토양 중 세사양토에 대하여 입단형성을 위해 가해진 토양개량제가 토양 중 양이온 함량변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 토양개량제로 이수석고 1550 (G1), 3100 (G2), 6200 (G3) kg/10 a, 팽화왕겨 1000 (H1), 2000 (H2), 3000 (H3) kg/10 a, 팽화왕겨 1500 kg/10 a에 zeolite 200 (HZ1), 400 (HZ2), 800 (HZ3) kg/10 a가 되도록 처리량을 달리하여 3년간 연용하고, 버뮤다그래스를 재배한 토양을 60, 90, 120일 경과 후 채취하여 토양개량제 연용이 토양 중 양이온 함량변화에 미치는 결과를 보고한다. 이수석고의 처리는 토양 중 $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Mg^{++}$의 함량을 현저히 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. $K^+$ 함량은 토양개량제의 종류 및 처리수준과 관계없이 연용기간이 길어질수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. $K^+$ 함량은 연도별의 경우 2004 > 2005 > 2006 순으로 낮았으나 동일연도에서는 이수석고 < 팽화왕겨 < 팽화왕겨+zeolite 순이었으며, 90 DAT에서 잘 나타나고 있었다. $Na^+$ 함량은 토양개량제 연용에 따른 변화는 없었으나 토양개량제의 종류에 의한 함량에서 차이를 보였다. 2006년 120 DAT 처리구에서 이수석고 및 그 처리량에 따라 $Na^+$ 함량이 현저히 감소하는 현상을 볼 수 있었고, 2006년도 토양 중 $Na^+$ 함량은 이수석고 $\ll$ 팽화왕겨 < 팽화왕겨 +zeolite 순이었다. $Mg^{++}$ 함량은 팽화왕겨+zeolite의 경우 년도별 증가형태가 안정적이었고, 시간이 경과할수록 이수석고 < 팽화왕겨 < 정화왕겨+zeolite 순으로 높아지고 있었다. 이수석고 및 그 처리량에 따라 $Mg^{++}$ 함량은 현저히 감소하는 현상을 볼 수 있었고, 팽화왕겨, 팽화왕겨+zeolite 처리구에서는 대조구에 비해 그리고 연용에 따라 감소되는 정도가 적었다. 동일 조건에서의 토양개량제 처리는 이수석고 < 팽화왕겨 < 팽화왕겨+zeolite 순으로 높아지고 있었다 $Ca^{++}$의 경우 이수석고 연용처리는 처리수준이 높을수록 토양 중 $Ca^{++}$이 높아지는 결과가 되었으며, 년도별 변화도 2004 < 2005 < 2006년의 순으로 연용기간이 늘어남에 따라 높아지는 경향이었다. 팽화왕겨, 팽화왕겨+zeolite 연용처리는 대조구에 비해 함량변화가 적었다. 토성이 세 사양토인 간척지의 양이온 중 $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Mg^{++}$ 함량 감소에 효과적인 토양개량제는 이수석고 이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2009

Effects of silver nanoparticles on the phytopathogenic fungal growth were investigated. Fungal phytopathogens, especially for sclerotium-forming species Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, were selected due to their important roles in survival and disease cycle. Tests for the fungal hyphal growth revealed that silver nanoparticles remarkably inhibit the hyphal growth in a dose-dependent manner. Different antimicrobial efficiency of the silver nanoparticle was observed among the fungi on their hyphal growth in the following order, R. solani > S. sclerotiorum > S. minor. Tests for the sclerotial germination growth revealed that the nanoparticles showed significant inhibition effectiveness. In particular, the sclerotial germination growth of S. sclerotiorum was most effectively inhibited at low concentrations of silver nanoparticles. A microscopic observation revealed that hyphae exposed to silver nanoparticles were severely damaged, resulting in the separation of layers of hyphal wall and collapse of hyphae. This study suggests the possibility to use silver nanoparticles as an alternative to pesticides for scleotium-forming phytopathogenic fungal controls.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2003

Polychlorinated biphenyl are toxic pollutants and their degradation is quite slow in the environment. Recently, interest if bioremediation using PCB-degrading bacteria has increaset,. In a previous report, plant terpenes (p-cymene, (S)-(-)-limonene, ${\alpha}-pynene$, and ${\alpha}-terpinene$) have been found to be utilized by a PCB degrader and to induce the biphenyl dioxygenase gene in pure culture. In this study, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707, a PCB-degrading Gram-negative soil bacterium, was used to determine whether the terpene stimulation of PCB degrader occurred in the natural environment. First, P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 was genetically tagged using a transposon with gfp (green fluorescent protein) as a reporter gone. The population dynamics of P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 harboring gfp gene in a PCB-contaminated environment was examined with or without terpenoids added to the microcosm. About 10-100-fold increase was found in the population of PCB degraders when terpene was added, compared with control (non-terpenes samples and biphenyl added samples). It was proposed that the gfp-monitoring system is very useful and terpenes enhance the survivability of PCB degraders in PCB-contaminated environments.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.361-375
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 터널시공시 지하수 저하를 동반하는 시공조건에서 발생하는 지표침하 특성에 관한 연구내용을 다루었다. 이를 위해 먼저 지하수 저하로 인한 지반침하 문제에 대한 국내외 기존 연구내용을 살펴보았으며, 지하수 유동시 응력-간극수압 상호작용이 고려된 유한요소해석 모델을 구축하고 이론적 검증을 통해 유한요소해석 모델의 타당성을 검토하였다. 구축된 유한요소해석 모델을 토대로 다양한 시공조건에 대한 매개변수 연구를 수행하고 그 결과를 토대로 지하수 유동시 지반침하에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자를 검토하였으며, 아울러 터널시공이 지하수 저하를 동반하는 시공조건에서의 지표침하 특성을 기존의 이론과 연계하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.955-962
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• 2008

This study concerns the effect of drainage in reinforced soil on its stability during rainfall. A series of finite-element analysis based transient seepage analysis were performed on a number of cases with different drainage conditions in terms of layers of geotextiles installed in the reinforced zone. The results were then coupled with the limit-equilibrium slope stability analysis to investigate the variation of global stability factor of safety with rainfall infiltration into the reinforced wall. The results were thoroughly analyzed to get insight into the mechanism of pore water pressure reduction effect of the geotextile and into its effect on overall slope stability. It is shown that layers of geotextile installed in the reinforced zone can prevent decrease in suction in the reinforced zone during rainfall, thereby reducing potential risk of decreasing shear strength of the reinforced zone. Practical implications of the findings were discussed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.877-882
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• 2010

This paper is a result of investigating causes and main characteristics of landslides, occurred at Hongcheon area in Gangwondo during July in 2006, by collecting relevant data and visiting site. The main cause of landslides in this area has been found to be saturation of the ground wetted by a series of precipitations during 10~13 July and the heavy rainfall during 15 July. The pattern of the landslides could be classified as translational failure, occurred at the boundary between the relatively thin weathered residual soil and the mother rock. By analyzing a number of failed slopes based on site visit and reviewing collected data, typical widths of failed slopes are in the range of 10~20m (minimum: 5m, maximum: 70m). Lengths of landslide area are in the wide range of 10~450m. Most of area are less than 20m in width and 100m in length so that their shapes are long and narrow, frequently observed in Korea, and their areas are relatively small size of around $1000m^2$. The inclinations of the failed slopes are in the range of $10{\sim}60^{\circ}$ while the most probable slope angle is about $20{\sim}25^{\circ}$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

Pullout tests are usually employed to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced soil, and the load-displacement curve can be obtained easily. This paper presents an analytical solution for predicting the full-range mechanical behavior of a buried planar reinforcement subjected to pullout based on a bi-linear bond-slip model. The full-range behavior consists of three consecutive stages: elastic stage, elastic-plastic stage and debonding stage. For each stage, closed-form solutions for the load-displacement relationship, the interfacial slip distribution, the interfacial shear stress distribution and the axial stress distribution along the planar reinforcement were derived. The ultimate load and the effective bond length were also obtained. Then the analytical model was calibrated and validated against three pullout experimental tests. The predicted load-displacement curves as well as the internal displacement distribution are in closed agreement with test results. Moreover, a parametric study on the effect of anchorage length, reinforcement axial stiffness, interfacial shear stiffness and interfacial shear strength is also presented, providing insights into the pullout behaviour of planar reinforcements of MSE structures.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 1998

Maximum cellulase production was sought by comparing the activities of the cellulases produced by different Trichoderma reesei strains and Aspergillus niger. Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 showed higher cellulase activity than other Trichoderma reesei stains and Aspergillus niger that was isolated from soil. By optimizing the cultivation conditions during shake flask culture, higher cellulase production could be achieved. The FP(filter paper) activity of 3.7U/ml and CMCase (Carboxymethylcellulase) activity of 60U/ml were obtained from shake flask culture. When it was grown in 2.5L fermentor, where pH and DO levels are controlled, the enzyme activities were 133.35U/ml (CMCase) and 11.67U/ml(FP), respectively. Ammonium sulfate precipitation method was used to recover enzymes from fermentation broth. The dried cellulase powder showed 3074.9U/g of CMCase activity and 166.7U/g of FP activity with 83.5% CMCase recovery.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.599-612
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• 2020

A combination of a gravity wall and an anchor beam is widely used to support the high soil deposit on rock mass. In this study, two groups of shaking table test were performed to investigate the responses of such combined retaining structure, where the rock masses were shaped with a flat surface and a curved surface, respectively. Meanwhile, the dynamic numerical analysis was carried out for a comparison or an extensive study. The results were studied and compared between the combined retaining structures with different shaped rock masses with regard to the acceleration response, the earth pressure response, and the axial anchor force. The acceleration response is not significantly influenced by the surface shape of rock mass. The earth pressure response on the combined retaining structure with a flat rock surface is more intensive than the one with a curved rock surface. The anchor force is significantly enlarged by seismic excitation with a main earthquake-induced increment at the first intensive pulse of Wenchuan motion. The value of anchor force in the combined retaining structure with a flat rock surface is generally larger than the one with a curved rock surface. Generally, the combined retaining structure with a curved rock surface presents a better seismic performance.