• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.368-374
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• 2016

The perennial edible wild plants such as Aster glehnii, Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantean, Allium ochotense, Athyrium acutipinnulum, Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus and Codonopsis lanceolata have cultivated as the main income crops introduced into the fields about 30 years ago in Ulleung island. Soil samples were collected from 190 fields and assessed the effects of management practices on soil chemical properties at wild edible plant fields under no-till system. The strong acidic soils of pH 5.4 or less were detected in 45% of the soil samples. The level of soil organic matter was being held at mean $63{\pm}28g\;kg^{-1}$, 2.7 times higher than upland soils in Korea. Available phosphate and exchangeable potassium showed more than recommended levels of upland crops as $680{\pm}489mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $1.94{\pm}1.7cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The fields of Solidago and Aster showing strong soil acidity and high level of available phosphate and water soluble $NO_3{^-}$ were distinguished from other crops in analysis of variance and principal component analysis of soil chemicals. These results suggested that high frequency of acidic soil and high levels of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable $K_2O$ and water soluble $NO_3{^-}$ were accompanied with the use of urea and NPK-fertilizer based on nitrogen in the field. However, further research is needed to understand the appropriate management of fertilization and the prevention of soil acidification for wild edible plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Winter crops have been recognized as an alternative to soil management for fertility and crop productivity in paddy soil. Recently, rape has been produced at winter season and there is little research results on reduction of N fertilizer by adding rape residues for rice cultivation. In this study, we investigated the productivity and quality of rice by applying with 0, 27, 63, $90kg\;ha^{-1}$ of N fertilizer after input of rape residues into soil for two years. The highest yield of rice was average $4.68Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at the treatment applied with the $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape residue. It was reduced to N rate from 31.6 to $43.2kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in comparison to $4.53Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of maximum yield in treatment added $90kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ with rape. Amylose content in rice was similar among treatments with/without rape residue, but protein content was lower in treatment with rape residue than in those without rape residue. In conclusion, input of rape residue in rice cultivation could be alternative to reduction of N fertilization and improvement of quality by adjusting rice productivity in paddy soil under cropping system.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the application effect of liquid fertilizer using pig cadavers on potato and corn cultivations in upland field. Field experiments were designed with control (Cn), liquid fertilizer (LF), inorganic fertilizer (IF), and LF + IF treatments. Crop yields in potato and corn cultivations were higher in the order of $LF+I{\geq_-}IF{\geq_-}LF$ > Cn treatments. The potato and corn yields in LF + IF treatment were 237% and 29% greater than those in Cn treatment, respectively. Following crops harvest, soil status was improved, showing greater soil chemical properties in the LF treated areas compared to those in the Cn treatment. In addition, total $CO_2$ fluxes in LF + IF treatment during potato and corn cultivations were significantly increased compared with Cn and IF treatments. Therefore, these results suggest that LF application was effective on crop cultivation and improvement of soil fertility.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1977

산림토양(山林土壤)의 비옥도(肥沃度)를 수치분석방법(數値分析方法)으로 평가(評價)하였다. 본연구(本硏究)에서 35개(個) 토양통(土壤統)의 화학분석치(化學分析値)를 인용(引用)하였다. (표(表) 2) 조림수종(造林樹種)이 만족할 생장(生長)을 할 수 있는 최소양료함량(最小養料含量)의 평가(評價)는 표(表) 1과 같이 Wild씨(氏)의 기준치(基準値)에 준(準)했다. 시비요구수준(施肥要求水準)은 식(式)1을 사용(使用)하여 표(表)5와 같이 평가(評價)되었다. 토양통간(土壤統間)의 화학분석(化學成分)의 유사성(類似性)은 식(式)2를 이용(利用)하여 5개특성군(個特性群)으로 구분(區分)하였다. 1. 표토(表土)의 일반적(一般的)인 화학성질(化學性質) 공시통양토중(公試土壤統中) 약(約) 40%가 각각(各各) 유기물함량(有機物含量) 2%이하(以下), 인산함량(燐酸含量) 10ppm이하(以下), 치환성석회(置換性石灰)와 고토함량(苦土含量)이 1.25m.e/l00g 과 0.5m.e/100g 이하(以下)인 토양(土壤)이다. 치환성가리(置換性加里) 함량(含量)의 부족현상(不足現象)은 나타나지 않고 있다. CEC함량(含量)이 10m.e/100g 이하(以下)가 전체(全體)의 2/3가 되며 pH5.5이하(以下)인 강산성토양(强酸性土壤)이 전체(全體)의 4/5가 된다. 2. 각토양통(各土壤統)의 시비요구(施肥要求) 여부는 CEC, OM, MgO의 화학분석치(化學分析値)를 상대치화(相對値化)하여 공식(公式)1을 적용 간접적(間接的)으로 평가(評價)하였다. 35개(個) 토양통중(土壤統中) 8개통(個統)의 화학성분량(化學成分量)이 부족(不足)하여 시비요구(施肥要求)가 높은 것으로 생각되며 13개통(個統)의 화학성분(化學成分)으로 보아 시비(施肥)의 필요성(必要性)이 낮은 것으로 보여진다. 3. 토양통간(土壤統間) 화학성분(化學成分)의 유사성(類似性)을 비교(比較)한 결과(結果) 비옥도(肥沃度)는 다음과 같이 5개군(個群)으로 구분(區分)함이 적합(適合)한 것으로 생각된다. 1. CEC가 낮은 토양(土壤) 1-1 유기물함량(有機物含量)이 2%이라(以下)의 토양(土壤) 1-2 유기물함량(有機物含量)이 4%이라(以下)의 토양(土壤) 2. CEC와 유기물함량(有機物含量)이 높은 토양(土壤) 2-1 고토함량(苦土含量)이 낮은 토양(土壤) 2-2 고토함량(苦土含量)이 높은 토양(土壤) 3. 석회(石灰)와 고토함량(苦土含量) 높은 석회암질토양(石灰岩質土壤).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Globally, large amounts of phosphogypsum (PG), which is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer production, is deposited in open areas. As PG contains calcium, phosphate, and sulphate, it can be used as a soil amendment in farmlands. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PG application on properties of field soil and yield and quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.), and to seek appropriate level of PG application into the field. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted by applying PG at four different levels that were adjusted based on 65% calcium base saturation in the field soil: 0% (control), 50% (PG50, 100 kg/10a), 100% (PG100, 200 kg/10a), and 150% (PG150, 300 kg/10a). Following cultivation, soil electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available P and exchangeable Ca increased, whilst soil pH decreased. With increase in PG application level, soil EC and exchangeable Ca increased. PG application increased concentrations of water soluble Ca and SO4 across the soil profile, especially in PG150. The highest yield of garlic was found in PG100 treatment. The plant's uptake for N, P, Ca, and S increased by PG applications, but that for K decreased. Moreover, concentrations of S-related amino acids such as cysteine and methionine in garlic increased by PG applications. The increased content of nutrients and amino acids with PG supply might improve yield, quality, and favor of the crop. CONCLUSION: Overall, PG application at 200 kg/10a into a field had the best effect on improving soil fertility as well as yield and quality of garlic. Further studies are required to maximize efficiencies of PG supply in soil management and production of various crops.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2014

The present study is an attempt to give an account of the inventory of plant species, phytosociological characteristics of vegetation and pedological characteristics of Rambi Beat Forest under Senchal East Forest Zone, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Its plant community were analyzed quantitatively and synthetically. The results reflect dominancy of dicotyledons over monocotyledons in the four studied sites The plant community comprising of 50 plant species belonging to 40 genera of 27 families. Ramhi beat reflected higher diversity of species. Maximum IVI value was recorded by Viola surpense (47.17) in Rambhi forest beat. The Berger parker index and evenness index were found to be highest for Viola surpense, Fragaria nubicola, Pilea umbrosa in Rambhi beat. The soil characteristics of the different pedons revealed alkaline nature of soil in Rambhi beat. Higher levels of soil organic carbon content reflect higher fertility of the soil of Rambhi beat. The response towards soil available nitrogen and phosphate were different among the ten pedons of Rambhi beat. Therefore, proper management and conservative measures needs to be implemented for conservation of bioresources in Senchel wildlife Sanctuary of West Bengal, India.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2001

토양비옥도와 토성이 서로 다른 논토양에서 수도 생산성과 환경을 고려한 가축분퇴비의 적정시용기준량을 확립하기 위하여 남계 사양토, 용지 양토, 화동 식양토에서 돈분퇴비를 0, 5, 10, 20 톤 $ha^{-1}$을 시용하고 추청벼를 공시 품종으로 하여 포장시험을 1년간 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 토양검정에 의한 화학비료 시용시 돈분퇴비 적정시용량은 사양토 4.0, 양토와 식양토 7.0 톤 $ha^{-1}$ 이었으며, 이때의 정조 수량은 사양토 7.440, 양토 7.000 식양토 6.020 톤 $ha^{-1}$이었다. 사양토와 양토에서 NPK와 함께 돈분퇴비를 15 톤 $ha^{-1}$ 이상 시용시에는 도복에 의한 수량 감소가 발생되었다. 수확기 식물체의 양분흡수량은 돈분 퇴비 시용량이 증가할수록 많아지는 경향이었으며, 시험 후 토양의 인산과 칼리의 함량은 돈분퇴비 시용량의 증가에 따라 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 그 외의 성분은 처리구간 큰 차이가 없었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 1995

Composting is an ecologically sound method of recycling organic waste. Its advantages include the maintenance of soil fertility and improvement of soil physicochemical property. It is an essential part of the waste minimization. That is, composting should be included to increase the recycling rate up to more than 20%. To encourage composting of waste, it is necessary to develop some effective composters of small scale facilities and densely populated areas. For medium and large-size facilities, the optimum process should be selected. Technical counselling and support is desirable for small scale composters for urban residential and rural area. On the other hand, adequate amendment of relevant legislation should be followed to encourage composting. An example of unreasonable legislation is the current fertilizer management act. According to the regulation, the maximum allowable limit of lead in the compost is less than 150ppm, which is too strict. This limit should be increased to at least 300ppm, which is the observed level in most states in USA. At the same time, sound infrastructure should be established and decent publicity work should be achieved to accelerate composting activity. In this paper the desirable standard for some heavy metal concentration in the compost were suggested.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

농경지로의 개발 가능성이 높은 중국 길림성 백성지역의 주요한 토양인 흑개토의 이화학성 및 인산 흡착특성을 조사하였다. 토지 이용방식 또는 재배작물이 서로 다른 중국 길림성 백성지역 4곳과 중국 용정에 위치한 연변 대학교 농과대학 부속 시험장 1곳에서 1993년 8월에 토양을 채취하여 실험을 수행하였다, 중국 길림성 백성지역 토양의 $_PH$는 미경작지 10.2, 경작지는 $7.3{\sim}7.6$으로 비교적 높았다. 양이온 치환용량은 20 cmol(+) $kg^{-1}$ 이상이었으며, 치환성 양이온 중 Na는 특히 표토에 많이 존재하였으며, Ca의 함량이 매우 높아 Ca 포화율이 100% 이상을 나타내었다. 토양 포화 침출액의 주요 양이온은 Na이었으며, ECe와 SAR을 기준으로 백성 미경작지 토양은 염류-나트륨성 토양, 경작지 토양은 나트륨성 또는 일반 토양에 해당하였다. 백성지역 토양의 유효인산 함량은 10mg P $kg^{-1}$ 미만으로 아주 낮았으며, 최대 인산흡착량은 $ $ mg P $kg^{-1}$이었다. 길림성 백성지역 토양의 경우 유효인산 함량이 매우 낮아 토양 비옥도 중진을 위한 인산질 비료의 시용과 함께 토양 투수성의 개선 등과 같은 적절한 토양 관리가 필요하며, 용정지역 토양의 경우에는 인산흡착 특성을 고려하여 인의 과잉 축적을 방지하기 위한 인산질 비료의 적정 시용을 권장하여야 한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2013

Research reports on soil during the years from 1906 to 2012 have been analyzed to understand the role and pattern of soil research in agriculture. The number of research reports in relation with the key word of soils were 2,211 cases and classified in accordance with the criteria of research area, research subject, and research place of report papers. During the 40 years from 1906 to 1946, research work on soil chemistry was reached 62%, highest in the research area. In the case of research subject, research reports on soil fertility and soil nutrients was highest as 42.2%, and the next subject on soil salt and desalinization was about 19.5%. Research places were in the order of paddy as 34.1%, upland as 23.7%, and reclaimed soil as 22.5%. From 1953 to 2012 during 60 years, in the research area report papers were mainly concentrated on chemistry area as 32% and the next was physics as 26%, and environment as 12%. In the case of research subject during the same period, nutrient management report was reached 21.1%, and soil improvement on chemical and physical properties for optimum crop growth was 11.9%. Soil survey and data base establishment report was 8.6%. Research place were in the order of upland as 34.9%, paddy as 25.7%, and vinyl house as 12.5%, which showed reversed pattern compared to that of before 40 years.