• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2016

Objective : The main objective of the study is to measure the satisfaction of patients with the Bojungikgi-tang Soft Extract, which is a herbal medicine in a new dosage form. Methods : Data were collected from 23 patients at Dongshin University Sunchun Korean Medicine Hospital through survey questionnaires. Results : A total of 23 patients were included in the study to know their satisfaction level towards the Bojungikgi-tang Soft Extract. It was found that most of the respondents were satisfied with the Bojungikgi-tang Soft Extract regarding its effectiveness, taste, convenience, price, and transportability in comparison to existing dosage forms. Conclusion : The study showed that most patients were more satisfied with the new drug dosage form than traditional forms and in needs of diversify of herbal medicine dosage forms.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of Ojeok-san extract powder and soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods Randomized controlled, cross over study was carried out in healthy male volunteers. Total 27 of 31 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and three subjects for waiting were included. To each group 12 subjects were randomly allocated by random number table. Group A took the extract powder in the first period and then took the soft extract in the second period. Group B took the medicine in the opposite order. Trial was conducted through two times of hospitalizations and all subjects had a seven-days of wash out period. Vital sign and laboratory test were checked before and after the medication. The mean difference of safety evaluation variables were analyzed by paired t-test (p<0.001) or wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05). The mean difference between two groups were analyzed by independent t-test (p<0.05) or Mann whitney test (p<0.05). Results As a result of all data related to vital sign and laboratory test in both group, There were no significant differences associated with the clinical trial drug between before and after the medication. And there was no adverse event associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Both Ojeok-san extract powder and soft extract were found to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.341-353
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• 2016

Papermaking reconstituted tobacco is an important strategy for recycling the waste tobacco residues. To indentify the influences of the inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made electrodialysis stack was assembled to desalt the tobacco extract. The influences of the applied current and extract content on the removal rate of the inorganic ions were investigated. Results indicated that the applied current was a dominant impact on the desalination performance. High currents lower than the limiting current density could accelerate the desalting efficiency but cause higher energy consumption. A current of 2 A, or current density of ${\sim}11mA{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, was an optimal choice by considering both the energy consumption and desalting efficiency. A 20% tobacco extract was an appropriate content for the electrodialysis process. More than 90% of inorganic ions could be removed under the optimum condition. The preliminary result indicated that removal of inorganic components was beneficial to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. Naturally, ED is an environmentally friendly and high-effective technology for desalting the tobacco extract.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2003

본 연구는 천연보존제인 자몽씨 추출물과 합성보존제인 $H_2O_2$를 사용하여 soft contact lens 착용시 각막염의 원인중 하나인 Gram negative bacteria인 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 대한 살균효과를 알아보았다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 4주간 배양하여 포낭 형태를 이루게 한 다음 $7{\times}10^6CFU/m{\ell}$의 현탁액에 soft contact lens를 오염시킨 후 천연보존제와 합성보존제의 살균 효과를 비교하였다. 현탁액에 담군 120분후 균의 생존률은 천연보존제는 $1{\times}10^3CFU/m{\ell}$ 합성보존제는 $0.5{\times}10^2CFU/m{\ell}$으로 나타나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 하지만 합성보존제의 경우 눈에 자극감이나 화학적 안 외상을 줄 수 있는 점을 고려하면 자몽씨 추출액과 같은 인체에 무독한 천연 보존제의 개발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.832-840
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 건조하기 어려운 원료한약재 5 품목(총 50 건)을 대상으로 벤조피렌 함량 및 물 추출물과 연조엑스 제조단계에서의 벤조피렌의 이행률을 HPLC/FLD로 측정하였다. 벤조피렌의 검량선은 3~40 ng/mL의 농도 범위에서 상관계수($R^2$)가 1.000으로서 우수한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 원료한약재의 벤조피렌 검출 범위는 불검출 ${\sim}37.54{\mu}g/kg$이고, 검출평균은 $6.73{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 그 중에서 식품의약품안전처의 고시(2009-302호) 기준인 $5{\mu}g/kg$ 이상 검출된 시료는 15건(30%)이었다. 특히 황련의 벤조피렌 함량은 $37.54{\mu}g/kg$으로서 가장 높았다. 물 추출물, 연조엑스 및 물 추출 후 찌꺼기에서 벤조피렌의 검출 범위는 각각 불검출${\sim}2.31{\mu}g/kg$, 불검출${\sim}2.28{\mu}g/kg$ 및 $2.18{\sim}21.91{\mu}g/kg$으로 분석되었다. 물 추출물(탕제)와 연조엑스의 제조에서 벤조피렌은 이행되지 않거나, 특히, 현삼에서 물 추출물과 연조엑스의 경우에 각각 최대 8.9%와 최대 9.8%의 이행률을 보였다. 따라서 원료한약재에 비해 물 추출물 및 연조엑스에서 벤조피렌 함량이 각각 90.0% 이상까지 감소하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.489-498
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• 2015

This study investigates the effects of a China root (Smilax china L.) extract on the chemical and microbiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of the sausage stew sauce and the soft-tofu stew sauce over a 5-week storage period. Commercial sauces were obtained from the market, and samples were prepared using four different concentrations of the China root extract (0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Over the 5-week storage period, pH and salinity showed slight changes in both the sausage and soft-tofu stew sauces, but there was no significant difference (p<0.05) regardless of the extract amount and temperature. At 5 weeks, there were significant decreases in the total microbial count in groups with the China root extract (p<0.05) for both the sausage and soft-tofu stew sauces at $5^{\circ}C$. Over the whole storage period, no coliform, yeast, and mold were detected in any sample. S. aureus counts were not detected in 1.0% and 1.5% China root groups at $5^{\circ}C$, but 1.00-1.60 log CFU/g was found in the control and 0.5% groups. DPPH radical scavenging activity at 5 weeks showed an increase with an increase in the amount of the China root extract in both sauces. These results indicate that the China root extract inhibited microbial growth during storage as well as scavenging activity and thus that it can be considered to prolong the shelf life of commercial sauces.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2010

저장성, 영양성 및 생리적 기능성을 가지는 두부를 제조하기 위하여 생리적 기능성이 널리 알려진 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하여 압착 성형 공정 없는 연두부의 형태로 제조하여 홍삼 추출물 첨가 연두부의 저장기간에 따른 저장성, 이화학적, 항산화 활성 변화 및 관능적 평가를 측정하였다. 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하지 않은 연두부 대조군의 pH 및 산도는 홍삼추출물 첨가 연두부와 큰 차이가 없었으며 저장기간에 따른 변화도 거의 없었다. 또한 일반세균수의 변화에 있어서도 대조군은 저장 10일차부터 약간의 일반세균이 발견되었으나 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하여 제조한 연두부는 대조군에 비하여 낮은 균수 또는 검출되지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 홍삼 추출물의 함량이 높을수록 항균효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연두부의 색도는 명도 및 적색도는 홍삼 추출물 첨가에 따라 약간 감소하였고 황색도는 증가하였다. 연두부의 조직감은 홍삼 추출물 첨가 유무에 크게 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 연두부의 지질과산화 억제능 및 DPPH radical 소거능은 대조군보다 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하여 제조하였을 때 억제능이 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과에서는 색에 대한 편견때문에 0.20% 이상의 홍삼 추출물 첨가군에서는 다소 낮은 기호도를 보였으나 0.18% 첨가군까지는 대조군과 큰 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2020

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the safety of Soshihotang soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods 12 healthy male volunteers were recruited and this study was carried out by a single center. Laboratory test results, vital signs of the volunteers were collected to evaluate safety. According to registration order, the 12 subjects were allocated by serial number. To evaluate safety, blood samples were taken and vital signs were checked 4 times-screening, pre administration, post administration and follow up-during the whole trial. The incidence of all adverse effects are shown in percentage. The mean and standard deviation were used to to describe and summarize continuous data. To evalate the effectiveness of the intervention, data of blood tests was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test or paired T-test (p<0.05). Results In the case of red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase values, the normality test result of the variable for the difference value before and after the dosing has a significance level <0.05. But most of values did not deviate from the normal range, and the deviation from the normal range could not be regarded as the significance associated with this clinical trial. And adverse event wasn't observed associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Soshihotang soft extract were considered to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2014

생리적 기능성을 함유하는 두부를 제조하기 위하여 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하여 압착 성형 공정 없는 연두부의 형태로 제조하였으며, 홍삼 추출물 첨가 연두부의 저장기간에 따른 항산화 성분 및 항산화 활성 변화를 측정하였다. 홍삼 추출물을 첨가하지 않은 대조군의 polyphenol 화합물의 함량은 $605.25{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, 홍삼 추출물을 첨가군의 함량은 $598.51{\sim}681.65{\mu}g/mL$이었으며, 홍삼 추출물 함량에 비례하였다. 대조군의 ascorbic acid의 함량은 6.42 mg%이었으며, 홍삼 추출물 첨가군은 5.74~7.67 mg%로 대조군보다는 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 저장기간에 따른 polyphenol 화합물 및 ascorbic acid의 변화를 보면 저장기간 내내 대체적으로 대조군보다는 홍삼 추출물 첨가군이 높은 함량을 보였다. 환원력의 경우, 대조군은 O.D.값이 0.2781로 나타났으며, 홍삼 추출물 첨가군은 O.D.값이 각각 0.3260~0.3477로 대조군에 비하여 높은 값을 나타내어 홍삼 첨가가 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 저장기간 내내 높은 항산화 활성을 유지하였다. ABTS radical cation decolorization은 대조군은 20.54 AEAC이었으나, 홍삼추출물 첨가군은 20.63~20.86 AEAC로 홍삼 추출물의 첨가농도가 높을수록 높은 값을 나타내어 항산화 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2017

The inorganic components in tobacco sheet extract have significant influence on the sensory taste of the cigars and the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. To identify the contributions of the divalent inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made selective electrodialysis was assembled with monovalent ion-selective ion exchange membranes. The influences of current density and extract content on the desalination performance were investigated. Result indicates that the majorities chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were removed, comparing with 50-60% of potassium and only less than 10% of magnesium and calcium ions removed in the investigated current density. The permselectivity of the tested cations across the Selemion CSO cation exchange membranes follows the order: $K^+>Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}$. A current density of $15mA/cm^2$ is an optional choice by considering both the energy consumption and separation efficiency. When the extract contents are in the range of 7%-20%, the removal ratios the potassium ions are kept around 60%, while the removal ratios of the calcium and magnesium ions fluctuate in the range of 16-27% and 8-14%, respectively. The tobacco smoke experiments indicated that the divalent metal ions have dual roles for the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. The divalent potassium and calcium ions were unfavorable for the total particulate matter emission but beneficial to decrease the HCN delivery in the mainstream cigarette smoke. The selective electrodialysis is a robust technology to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke.