• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-38
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• 2023

Intramuscular myxoma is a rare benign myxoid tumor that is difficult to differentiate from other benign soft tissue tumors and sarcoma, and as a result, intramuscular myxoma is commonly misdiagnosed as another type of soft tissue tumor. Accordingly, awareness of the existence of this condition is a fundamental requirement for treatment decision-making. Furthermore, although intramuscular myxoma appears grossly to be well-circumscribed, it can infiltrate adjacent soft tissue microscopically. Tumor resection is the recommended treatment, but appropriate surgical margin sizes remain controversial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first South Korean report to be issued on the treatment of intramuscular myxoma of the foot.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1359-1369
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• 2012

In the case of using pile foundation to support bridge abutments on soft ground, the soft ground often causes serious troubles such as lateral movement of bridge abutments by lateral surcharges. In this paper, we investigated and measured the amount of strain of a bridge abutment in the south-western part of Korea. To check the stability and possibility of lateral movement of the bridge abutment, we used the four analysis methods and compared those results; lateral movement index, index for decision of lateral movement and infinite element analysis method. We performed soil and ground tests to fine the causes of the strain and lateral movement. After reviwing several types of repair methods, we suggested the anker reinforcement method along with surcharge process method as a proper repair and rehabilitation of the bridge abutment. Our investigation by through the infinite element analysis method confirmed the effectiveness of the anker reinforcement method allong with the surcharge process method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.7A
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• pp.515-522
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• 2009

In this paper, a novel transmission scheme with spatial modulation is proposed for coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique, so-called spatial modulation (SM), divides input data into antenna index and data signals, transmitting data signals through the specific antenna chosen by the antenna index. In order to retrieve data stream at the receiver, SM needs to detect the antenna index which means that data signals are transmitted via a certain antenna. For this reason, it should be guaranteed that channel matrix is orthogonal. For the real environment, a MIMO channel has difficulty in maintaining orthogonality due to spatial correlation. Moreover, the receiver of the conventional SM is operated by hard decision, so that this scheme has a limit to be adopted for practical systems. Therefore, soft-output demappers for the conventional and proposed schemes are derived to detect antenna index and data stream by soft decision, and a novel transmission scheme combined with spatial modulation is proposed to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the conventional scheme.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

In this paper, we presented that the performance of the TCM(Trellis Coded Modulation) using the Euclidean distance is better than that of the convolutional code using the hamming distance under the same bandwidth efficiency. And the TCM DECODER for next generation mobile communication replacing the using convolutional decoder is implemented. Also, for the implementation of the TCM DECODER, the convolutional decoder and the TCM decoder were made by C-language and simulated under AWGN channel with respect to the hard decision and the soft decision. So we proved that performance of the TCM is better than that of the convolutional code. From this result, TCM DECODER, of which constraint length is 3, 5 or 7 and which use the soft decision method, was implemented using the AHDL(Altera Hardware Description Language) and fortified using the Max+plus H version 8.2 of Altera corporation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.54-64
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• 2010

Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are the most widely used error correcting codes in digital communications and data storage. Recently, Sudan found algorithm of list decoder for RS codes. List decoder has larger decoding radius than conventional hard-decision decoding algorithms and return more than one candidate polynomial. But, the algorithm includes interpolation and factorization step that demand massive computations. In this paper, an efficient architecture and processing schedule are proposed. The architecture consists of R-MAC, memories, and control unit. The R-MAC computes both of RC and PU steps that are main part of the factorization algorithm. The proposed architecture can achieve higher hardware utilization efficiency (HUE) and throughput by using efficient processing schedule and memory architecture. Also, the architecture can be designed flexibly with scalability for various applications. We design and synthesize our architecture using Dongbu-Anam $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library and the maximum clock frequency is 330MHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.1A
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• pp.26-34
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• 2002

Mobile telecommunication systems such as IS-95 and IMT-2000 employ frame based communication using frames up to 20 msec in length and the receiving end has to store the whole frome before it is being processed. The size of the frame buffer ofter dominates those of the processing unit such as soft decision Viterbi decoder. The frame buffer for IMT-2000, for example, has to be increased 80 times as large as that of IS-95. One of the parameters deciding the number of bits in a frame will be obviously the number of bits in soft quantization. Start after striking space key 2 times. This paper has studied a new aspect of offset and quantization step size on BER performance and proposes a new 3-bit soft quantization algorithm which shows similar performance as that of 4-bit soft decision Viterbi receiver. The optimal offset values and step sizes for the other practical quantization levels ---16, 8, 4, 2--- have also been found. In addition, a new optimal symbol metric table has been devised which takes the accumulation value of various repeated signals and produces a rescaled 3-bit valu.tart after striking space key 2 times.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

For the self-adaptive equalization of higher-order QAM systems, this paper proposes a new soft decision-directed (SDD) algorithm that opens the eye patterns quickly as well as significantly reducing the error level in the steady-state when it is applied to the initial equalization stage with completely closed eye patterns. The proposed method for M-QAM application minimized the computational complexity of the existing SDD by the symbol estimated based on the two symbols closest to the observation, and greatly simplified the soft decision independently of the QAM order. Furthermore, in the symbol estimating it increased the reliability of the estimates by applying the superior properties of the sigmoid function and avoiding the erroneous estimation of the threshold function. In addition, the initialization performance was improved when an error is generated to update the equalizer, weighting the symbol decision by the threshold function to the error, resulting in an extension of the range of error fluctuations. As a result, the proposed method improves remarkably the computational complexity and the properties of initialization and convergence of the traditional SDD. Through simulations for 64-QAM and 256-QAM under multipath channel conditions with additive noise, the usefulness of the proposed methods was confirmed by comparing the performance of the proposed 2-SDD and two forms of weighted 2-SDD with CMA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.123-131
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• 2009

The study decided the improvement depth of soft ground of deep mixing method through 2 and 3 dimension finite element method and following results were acquired. 1. 2 dimension analysis shows settlement 10% more estimated than 3 dimension analysis. 2. When the rate of replacement is under 5%, the settlement sharply increased. 3. The most economical design for the levee was decided 3.0m for width direction, 6.0m for length direction and 8.0m for improvement depth. 4. When the soft ground is developed through deep mixing method, the decision of improvement should be decided through 3 dimension analysis than 2 dimension analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a new real-time dead pixel detection method based on spatial compare filtering, which are usually used in the small target detection. Actually, the soft dead and the small target are cast in the same mold. Our proposed method detect and remove the dead pixels as applying the spatial compare filtering, into the pixel outputs of a detector after the non-uniformity correction. Therefore, we proposed method can effectively detect and replace the dead pixels regardless of the non-uniformity correction performance. In infrared camera, there are usually many dead detector pixels which produce abnormal output caused by manufactural process or operational environment. There are two kind of dead pixel. one is hard dead pixel which electronically generate abnormal outputs and other is soft dead pixel which changed and generated abnormal outputs by the planning process. Infrared camera have to perform non-uniformity correction because of structural and material properties of infrared detector. The hard dead pixels whose offset values obtained by non-uniformity correction are much larger or smaller than the average can be detected easily as dead pixels. However, some dead pixels(soft dead pixel) can remain, because of the difficulty of uncleared decision whether normal pixel or abnormal pixel.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a channel assignment scheme for reducing call blocking rate in a base station(BS) of DS-CDMA cellular systems. The proposed scheme can e applied to the case where the capacity of reverse radio link is enough, but not are the available traffic channels performing the digital modulation and demodulation functions between a mobile station and the base station. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the feature of soft handoff in which a mobile station keeps its communication link even if one of the two communication links is released. The scheme estimates the mean and variance of the received power level measured at the base station before assigning a traffic channel for a new call request. The BS makes decision based on the estimated balues whether the new call request will be accepted or not. If it is decided that the capacity of reverse radio link is enough, but all traffic channels are not available, then the BS increases the soft handoff parameter T_DROP to release the traffic channels of mobile stations loactedin soft handoff area. The BS assigns the released traffic channel to anew call or a handoff call. The performance of the proposed channel assignment scheme is evaluated by computer simulation. The results show that the call blocking rate for new calls and handoff calls is reduced.