• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.90-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the joint position sense at the knee joint at 3 different surface conditions by using the active knee joint angle reproduction test in the standing position. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) age 20~29 years were recruited for this study. The knee joint position senses were assessed at three different surface conditions: on the floor (stable condition), TOGU (soft condition), and seat fit (unstable condition) in a closed kinetic chain. Testing orders were selected randomly. The absolute angle error was defined as the absolute difference between target angles ($30^{\circ}{\sim}45^{\circ}$ knee flexion) and subject perceived angle of the knee flexion. One way ANOVA was used to compare the absolute angle of error among 3 different conditions. The Independent t-test was used to compare the absolute angle of error between male and female. The error angles were significantly different among surface conditions ($1.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.2^{\circ}$ for the floor, $2.1^{\circ}{\pm}0.9^{\circ}$ for the TOGU, and $4.4^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$ for the seat fit, p<.05). There was no significant difference in error angle between male and female. In conclusion, the joint position sense of the knee joint in the closed kinetic chain decreased at unstable surface conditions. The result of this study indicates that surface conditions should be considered when assessing and training the joint position sense of the knee joint in clinical setting.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

In this study, we developed the electric heating equipment and applied for soft ground improvement. The developed heat pipe is 4 m-length and consumes 1 kW/m, which is consisted of Ni-Cr wire. It was installed in 3.5~4.5 m below ground surface and heated for 96 hours (48 hours, 2 times). The temperature variation and vapor pressure caused by electric heating was measured by the thermometer and pressure gauge which were installed in the ground (5.0 m), and the tip resistances were measured by static electronic piezo-cone penetration test (CPT). As the results of experiments, 2-order polynomial curve was shown to adjust the variation of tip resistance and the temperature distribution with the horizontal distance from electric heater, whose R2 value is close to 1. In addition, in-situ pore-water pressure and water content was decreased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.747-758
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• 2017

Chronic wounds, pressure sores, lesions, and infections of microbial origin in bedridden, paralyzed, or malnutrition patients remain the object of study of many researchers. A variety of factors behind the development of these disorders are related to the patient's immune system, making it unable to respond effectively to the treatment of the wound. These factors can be properly controlled, giving particular importance to the ethiology and stage of the wound, as well as the time periods corresponding to the replacement of the dressings. The present research reports a novel foam/soft material, ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL, with an application for decubitus/pressure ulcers, especially for wounds with a difficult healing process due to infections and constant oxidation of the soft tissues. During this work, the interactions between S. aureus and ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL foam were studied under conditions that simulate decubitus ulcers; namely, pH and exudate. The effects of duration of grafting (1 or 8 h) and pH (7.0 and 8.9) on wettability, surface energy, swelling, and porosity were also evaluated. Results showed an effective microbicidal activity exhibiting an inhibition ratio of 99.73% against S. aureus. This new ${{\small}L}$-Cys-g-PCL soft material showed saftey to contact skin, ability to be shaped to fill in sunken holes (craters) - pressure ulcers stage III - and to act as a smart material responsive to pH, which can be tailored to develop better swelling properties at alkaline pH where exudates are normally higher, so as to address exudate self-cleaning and prevention of desiccation.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 1997

Pilon fracture is an intraarticular fracture of distal tibia. It is high energy injury with significantly associated soft tissue damage, bone comminution, and articular surface disruption. Until recently, this treatment has followed the AO principles, Because the risk of complications outweighs potential benefits, the principle of a Pilon fracture treatment are changing. Newer techniques using articulated external fixation minimize disturbance of the soft tissue envelope and have decreased these complications. Series of 5 patients with Pilon fracture were treated by articulated external fixator and followed up more than 12 monthes at the Department of orthopaedic surgery, Kang Dong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of medicine, Hallym University. The results were as follows: 1. The type of fracture were type C2(3 cases),type C3(2 cases) according to AO-$M{\ddot{u}}ller$ classification. 2. The clinical results according to functional criteria by Mast and Teipner were good in 4 cases and poor in 1 case, which is an old fracture. 3. Techniques utilizing articulated external fixator were associated with satisfactory results and appeared to significantly decrease the incidence of soft tissue complication, post-traumatic arthritis, osteoporosis, and fibrosis of ankle joint.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.269-281
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• 2010

The cone penetration test(CPT) has been increasingly used for in situ site characterization. However, the use of CPT is often limited due to specific site conditions depending on the cone size, geometry, and capacity of the CPT system used. In South Korea, it has generally been considered that the CPT could be satisfactorily performed only in soft soils. Louisiana State University/ Louisiana Transportation Research Center has implemented a field-rugged continuous intrusion miniature cone penetration test (CIMCPT) system since the 1990s. The miniature cone penetrometer of the CIMCPT system has a cross-sectional cone area of $2cm^2$ allowing finer soil profiles compared to the standard $10cm^2$. The reduced cross-sectional area also enables a system capacity reduction leading to cost saving and ease in maintenance. In addition, the continuous intrusion mechanism allows fast and economic site investigations. Samsung C&T Corporation has recently implemented a similar CIMCPT system. In this study, case studies on the field application of Samsung CIMCPT system for the last 2 years are presented to illustrate its performance investigation and its usefulness and limitation. Results of the case studies show that the CIMCPT system can be applied to soils with cone tip resistance($q_c$) values up to about 30MPa and allows a reliable and useful way to characterize soft soils. The results also show that the rod buckling limits the investigation depth by the system and the large contact pressure of the CIMCPT truck prevents the use of the system at sites with soft surface soils. According to the results of the case studies, the Samsung CIMCPT system has been being upgraded with a miniature cone with a longer rod, a crawler-type transportation system, a pre-boring system, and so on.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.565-572
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• 1994

Consolidation behavior on soft clay was investigated by using one- and two-dimensional analysis based on original and modified one dimensional consolidation theory. For the analytical model, the embankment was simulated by applying single- or multi-surcharge loading to the surface of soft clay. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the predicted settlement by one dimensional consolidation theory was most of the time higher than the observed one at the mid- and especially lateral-zone of embankment. When compared with two dimensional analysis, the result of modified one dimensional consolidation analysis showed almost similar trend to the observed one. There fore even in case where proper selection of soil parameters, one dimensional consolidation theory like as modified one dimensional consolidation theory could be suggested due to its convenience.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.396-399
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• 2017

This is a case report of a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), admitted to the wildlife rescue center with right coracoid and scapular fracture which received conservative treatment and was soft-released successfully. At the admission, the goshawk had callus formed on the fractured bones, scars on eyebrows and severely damaged tail feathers with inability to fly. Cage rest was indicated to prevent further occurrence of fracture and to promote reunion of the fracture surface. The bird went through a rehabilitation process with appropriate physical training in flying cage to recover its fitness and flying ability. Complete molting of flight feathers with damaged rectrices was achieved during the rehabilitation period and its flight ability was recovered favorably. It was released into a proper habitat for northern goshawks, but the bird was found near the aviary where its last phase of rehabilitation was performed. A soft-release program was applied and finally the bird returned to near the first rescue location 235 km away from the release site.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of internal fixation method of $Medpor^{(R)}$ implant with $BioSorb^{TM}FX$ screw which is used for prevention of enophthalmos in posteriorly extended large orbital floor fracture. Methods: From Jun. 1997 to Dec. 2007, 21 patients who were diagnosed with posteriorly extended large orbital floor fractures were classified into two groups. One group(n=11) had undergone reduction surgery with regular $Medpor^{(R)}$ sheets without any fixation method, while the other group(n=10) had their $Medpor^{(R)}$ sheets fixed with the $BioSorb^{TM}FX$ screws. The two groups were evaluated by comparison of their enophthalmos degree and effectiveness. Results: In the non-fixation group, six patients had enophthalmos preoperatively and three of them showed persistent enophthalmos postoperatively. In postoperative CT examination, displacement of $Medpor^{(R)}$ implant with soft tissue impaction into maxillary sinus was observed in the patients. In the screw fixation group, three patients had enophthalmos preoperatively, but none of them suffer from complication such as residual enophthalmos, soft tissue impaction, muscle entrapment or optic nerve compression postoperatively. Conclusion: Internal fixation method of $Medpor^{(R)}$ implant with $BioSorb^{TM}FX$ screw on the medial surface of orbital floor provides firm stabilization of implants and surrounding soft tissues and can be an effective option especially when postoperative implant displacement or malposition was expected.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.154-159
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• 2002

Amorphous FeBSiNb alloy ribbons having bulk glass forming ability and high saturation magnetic flux density were produced by single-roller melt spinning apparatus in the thickness range of 22∼102㎛. With the increase of thickness, the coercive force and squareness ratio decreased, while maximum permeability and AC permeability increased. However electrical resistivity was almost constant. Furthermore refined and complex magnetic domain structure was observed in thicker ribbons owing to the change in internal magnetic anisotropy. For the alloy with the thickness of 81㎛, small coercive force of 24 mOe and high effective permeability of 12,000 at 1㎑ were obtained, those are considered to be better comparing to the conventional soft magnetic amorphous alloys (∼20 ㎛). The good soft magnetic properties of the thick FeBSiNb amorphous alloys were attributed to the decrease in surface pinning effect during wall motion, appearance of perpendicular anisotropy and resulted domain refinement.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.B
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• pp.93-99
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• 2006

Centrifuge model experiments were performed to investigate the confining effects of the sheet piles, installed to the sides of soft clay ground treated with sand compaction piles, on the bearing capacity and concentration ratio of composite ground. For the given g-level in the centrifuge model tests, replacement ratio of SCP and the width of surcharge loads on the surface of ground with SCP, the confining effects of installing the sheet piles on the edges of SCP ground on the bearing capacity, change of stress concentration ratio and failure mechanism were investigated. Kaolin, one of typical clay mineral, and Jumunjin standard sand were used as a soft clay ground and sand compaction pile irrespectively. As results of experiments, lateral confining effect by inserting the model sheet piles fixed to the loading plate was observed. For the strip surcharge loading condition, the yielding stress intensity in the form of the strip surcharge loads tends to increase with increasing the embedded depth of sheet piles. The stress concentration ratio was found not to be influenced consistently with the embedded depth of sheet piles whereas the effect of stress intensity on stress concentration ratio shows the general trend that values of stress concentration ratio are relatively high at the initial stage of loading and tend to decrease and converge to the certain values. For the failure mechanism in the case of reinforced with sheet piles, displacement behavior related to the punching failure, settlement right beneath the loading plate occurred since the soil was confined with sheet piles, was observed.