• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment outcome and prognosis of the patients with orofacial pain disorders who visited for treatment in the Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University Dental Hospital from January 2002 to December 2004. Orofacial pain disorders were categorized into TMD(myogenous, arthrogenous and muscle-joint combined TMDs), neuropathic pain disorder, oral soft tissue disease and complex condition simultaneously having more and two aforementioned categories and treatment period, method and treatment outcome were evaluated. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Average longevity of treatment period was the longest in the neuropathic pain, followed by soft tissue disease, complex conditions, arthrogenous TMD, muscle-joint combined TMD and myogenous TMD in order. 2. When treatment methods were largely categorized into pharmacologic, physical and oral appliance therapy, pharmacologic therapy was used the most frequently for the patients with neuropathic pain or oral soft tissue diseases, oral appliance therapy for those with arthrogenous TMD and physical therapy for those with myogenous TMD. 3. Of physical therapeutic methods used in our clinic, EAST and microwave was employed the most frequently in the patients with myogenous TMD, ultrasound for those with arthogenous TMD and LLLT for those with neuropathic pain or oral soft tissue disease. 4. In comparison with change of pain after treatment, there existed a tendency that pain from neuropathic pain disorders persisted while pain from TMD was getting better or totally disappeared. 5. Concerning the change of mouth opening range in the TMD subgroups, there was no significant difference among the subgroups but significant difference existed among opening ranges, indicating comfortable maximum mouth opening increased the most following treatment. Improvement of active range of mouth opening was the most considerable in those with disc displacement without reduction. It can be said on the basis of the findings from this study that various treatments currently used for the orofacial pain showed good results with TMD in regards with pain control and improvement of function, suggestive of favorable prognosis, while neuropathic pain or soft tissue disease was the clinical conditions difficult to resolve, requiring a long and persistent treatment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.224-235
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue treatment effects of nonextraction therapy using the modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) to those of premolar extraction (PE) treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalographs of 40 adult patients with Class II malocclusion were retrospectively analyzed. The MCPP group comprised 20 patients treated with total arch distalization of the maxillary arch while the PE group comprised 20 patients treated with four PE. Fifty-eight linear and angular measurements were analyzed to assess the changes before and after treatment. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to evaluate the treatment effects within and between the two groups. Results: The MCPP group presented 3.4 mm of retraction, 1.0 mm of extrusion, and $7.3^{\circ}$ lingual inclination of the maxillary central incisor. In comparison, the PE group displayed greater amount of maxillary central incisor retraction and retroclination, mandibular incisor retraction, and upper lip retraction (5.3 mm, $14.8^{\circ}$, 5.1 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). In addition, the MCPP group showed 4.0 mm of distalization and 1.3 mm of intrusion with $2.9^{\circ}$ distal tipping of the maxillary first molars. Conclusions: These findings suggest the MCPP is an effective distalization appliance in the maxillary arch. The amount of incisor retraction, however, was significantly higher in the PE group. Therefore, four PE may be recommended when greater improvement of incisor position and soft-tissue profile is required.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1066-1071
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• 2005

This paper presents the two lossless auxiliary inductors-assisted voltage source type half bridge (single ended push pull: SEPP) series resonant high frequency inverter for induction heated fixing roller in copy and printing machines. The simple high-frequency inverter treated here can completely achieve stable zero current soft switching (ZCS) commutation for wide its output power regulation ranges and load variations under its constant high frequency pulse density modulation (PDM) scheme. Its transient and steady state operating principle is originally described and discussed for a constant high-frequency PDM control strategy under a stable ZCS operation commutation, together with its output effective power regulation characteristics-based on the high frequency PDM strategy. The experimental operating performances of this voltage source SEPP ZCS-PDM series resonant high frequency inverter using IGBTs are illustrated as compared with computer simulation results and experimental ones. Its power losses analysis and actual efficiency are evaluated and discussed on the basis of simulation and experimental results. The feasible effectiveness of this high frequency inverter appliance implemented here is proved from the practical point of view.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.415-420
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• 2005

This paper presents the two lossless auxiliary inductors-assisted voltage source type half bridge (single ended push pull: SEPP) series resonant high frequency inverter for induction heated king roller in copy and printing machines. The simple high-frequency inverter treated here can completely achieve stable zero current soft switching (ZCS) commutation for wide its output power regulation ranges and load variations under its constant high frequency pulse density modulation (PDM) scheme. Its transient and steady state operating principle is originally described and discussed for a constant high-frequency PDM control strategy under a stable ZCS operation commutation, together with its output effective power regulation characteristics-based on the high frequency PDM strategy. The experimental operating performances of this voltage source SEPP ZCS-PDM series resonant high frequency inverter using IGBTs are illustrated as compared with computer simulation results and experimental ones. Its power losses analysis and actual efficiency are evaluated and discussed on the basis of simulation and experimental results. The feasible effectiveness of this high frequency inverter appliance implemented here is proved from the practical point of view.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.375-401
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• 1995

Cause of skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patients can be classified into maxillary deficiency, mandibular overgrowth, and combination of the two. Use of Protraction Head Gear(P.H.G.) has been recommended for treatment of growing Class III malocclusion patients, for it results in forward & downward movement of maxilla and backward & downward rotation of mandible. Numerous animal experiments were performed and clinical study data have been reported ; nevertheless, studies on soft tissue profile change and comparison of treatment effects among the patients who had undergone treatment are considered to be somewhat insufficient. The author selected 93 patients, who had been diagnosed as skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency and then treated with P.H.G. ; the sample group was divided according to sex, treatment beginning age, palatal suture opening(intraoral appliance), and facial growth pattern. For each group, changing patterns of hard and soft tissue profile observed, and comparision with 20 normal group(Angle's Class I) patients of statistical significance in amount of growth and treatment of hard and soft tissue was done. The following results were obtained. 1. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements indicated that more growth changes was induced in the sample group that used P.H.G. compared to the growth amount of normal group. 2. No statistical significance was observed in the amounts of maxillary forward movement and mandibular backward & downward rotation depending on treatment beginning age in both sex group. 3. R.P.E. showed more significant maxillary forward movement and less protrusion of upper incisor than La-Li. 4. There was no statistical significance in the amount of maxillary forward movement depending on facial growth pattern. On the other hand, measurements indicating mandibular downward & backward rotation indicated greater change in counterclockwise growth pattern group than the clockwise. 5. Changes in upper and lower lip thicknesses showed a close relationship with positional changes in underlying bone tissue and upper and lower teeth, and upper lip height and nasolabial angle increased and mentolabial angle decreased.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.926-934
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• 2015

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), most common respiratory disorder of sleep, is characterized by intermittent partial or complete occlusions of the upper airway due to loss of upper airway dilating muscle activity during sleep superimposed on a narrow upper airway. Termination of these events usually requires arousal from sleep and results in sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, which leads to poor quality of sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced quality of life and numerous other serious health consequences. Untreated OSA may cause, or be associated with, several adverse outcomes, including daytime sleepiness, increased risk for motor vehicle accidents, cardiovascular disease, and depression. Various treatments are available, including non-surgical treatment such as medication or modification of life style, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oral appliance (OA). Skeletal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) aims to provide more space for the soft tissue in the oropharynx to prevent airway collapse during sleep. Conventional surgical techniques include uvopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP), genioglossus advancement (GA), and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). Surgical techniques, efficacy and complications of skeletal surgery are introduced in this review.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.804-805
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• 2006

Electric scroll-compressor drives are commonly used for e.g. home appliance cooling units. The recent development of hybrid cars with internal combustion engine in combination with electrical propulsion requires new solutions to be able to cool the passenger compartment of cars at stand-still. Both application areas demand efficient motor drives to reach good economy and efficient use of limited battery power as well as competitive volume/weight for a given output. The BLDC motor is a controllable and efficient solution. A major part of the motor is the soft-magnetic core. The powder based $Somaloy^{(R)}$ material shows high resistivity and induction as the result of engineered iron particles with in-organic coating. The unique features of compacted $Somaloy^{(R)}$ components can be utilized to enhance the shape and total volume of the BLDC motor with at least maintained efficiency compared to the use of traditional laminated steel sheet cores. A careful design of the $Somaloy^{(R)}$ components can also simplify assembly and positively influence the coil configuration. This study shows a comparison between a typical laminated BLDC motor and a redesigned, $Somaloy^{(R)}$ based version adapted for a scroll-compressor application.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.2 s.97
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effect of immediate orthodontic force on soft md hard tissues surrounding C-Palatal $Plate^{TM}$ in beagle Dog. Immediately after this appliance was implanted on the midpalate of 4 adult beagle Dogs, 400gm continuous orthodontic force was applied. Experimental animals were euthanized at 8weeks, 18weeks, and 22weeks (including post-removal healing time of 4weeks), and a control animal was euthanized at 8weeks after implantation without orthodontic force application. The appliance and the surrounding tissue were studied radiographically, macroscopically, and histologically. The results were as follows: 1. The lateral radiographs taken after euthanasia showed very slight displacement of the vortical plate in the experimental animals, compared with the control animal. Mobility test of all animals confirmed primary stability without any increase of mobility during experimental period. 2. No pathologic changes were found in the healing condition of covering soft tissue and bone-screw interface in experimental animals as well as a control animal. 3. Osseointegration was achieved in the bone-screw interface in 8weeks after implantation and the amount of osseointegration increased in 18weeks. There was little difference of osseointegration between the compression side and the tension side. 4. In the marginal bone area, slight bone apposition and resorption were found regardless of compression and tension side, while there was no change in the control animal. 5. Both 8week-animal and 18week-animal showed the new bone apposition along the surface of screws which were perforated into the nasal cavity, while the control animal showed no change. 6. After 4weeks of plate removal, the covering epithelium was repaired intactly, while the connective tissue showed loose and irregular rearrangement and the connective tissue capsule remained. The C-Palatal $Plate^{TM}$ manifested sufficient anchorage capacity in the context of histological study as well as clinical outcomes, when immediate orthodontic force was applied after implantation.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) has been defined as the deliberate destruction or alteration of body tissue without conscious suicidal intent. It occurs in conjunction with a variety of psychiatric disorders as well as various developmental disabilities and some syndromes. The behavior is destructive and causes concern and distress to all involved in the care and treatment of the affected individual. A 13-year-old girl with autism, mental retardation and delayed development was reffered from her pediatrician because of severe and painful lower lip biting. An intraoral examination revealed a diffuse swelling of lower lip. It was covered with necrotic slough and the ulcer and scarring of the lower lip was observed. We chose to use an oral removable prosthesis for Conservative treatment. It was decided to use a soft silicone mouthguard in the maxillary arch. Initially, she could not tolerate the appliance inside her mouth but soon adapted with the appliance. After one month, she lost the mouth guard and started lip biting. So we made mouth guard again. There are no standard methods for preventing self-injurious behavior in a patient who is developmentally disabled. Appropriate preventive methods must be developed for each individual patient based on close observation and clinical findings. Behavior modification techniques, pharmacological treatment, extraction of teeth, orthognathic surgery and intra/extra oral appliances can be performed for adjust self-injurious behavior. A suitable oral guard could be tried initially before employing more invasive approaches.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2013

TRAINER for Kids ($T4K^{TM}$, Myofunctional. Research Co, Australia) is a prefabricated myofunctional orthodontic appliance recommended to ClassII division1 malocclusion patients who have bad oral habits such as mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, inappropriate tongue position, thumb sucking and so on. Trainer has a soft texture and a small volume so that those advantages lead to an increase in the agreement rate of young patients of its use. This presentation is to analyze clinical efficacy of Trainer. The analysis is based on a result of regular follow-up on Class II division1 malocclusion patients who has been completely treated by Trainer in the Sanbon Dental Hospital of Wonkwang university. This case report is to present the satisfactory results gained by using Trainer on Class II patients. First, Trainer was applied in Class II malocclusion patients of mixed dentition with expected space insufficient to gain facial improvement. Second, excessive overjet, overbite were improved. Third, main effects are regarded to have been achieved by development of lingual slant of upper jaw, labial slant of lower jaw, and lower part of jaw bone.