• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.279-282
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• 1996

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-inhibition test using a Clonorchis sinensis species-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) , CsHyb 0605-23, showed increased specificity over the conventional ELISA used for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis. To characterize the corresponding antigen further, the MAb was tested against polysaccharide, protein and glycolipid fractions obtained from a crude extract of C. slnensis adult worms, using chloroform, methanol and phenol extractions. Only the polysaccharide fraction was recognized by the mb among those fractions. Mild oxidation of the antigen with sodium periodate showed decreased reactivity against the MAb. We concluded that the antigen and antigenic determinants recognized by the MAb are carbohydrates.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1197-1202
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• 2003

Patterning of biological molecules was attempted on both gold and glass using fourth generation (G4) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer as an interfacing layer between solid surfaces and biomolecules. As for the patterning of avidin and anti-biotin antibody on gold, PAMAM dendrimers representing amine functionalities were firstly printed onto the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid SAM by microcontact printing, followed by biotinylation, and reacted with fluorescence-labeled avidin or anti-biotin antibody. Fluorescence microscopic analysis revealed that the patterns of avidin and anti-biotin antibody were well constructed with the resolution of < 2 ㎛. The PAMAM dendrimers were also printed onto aldehyde-activated slide glass and reacted directly with anti-BSA antibodies, which had been oxidized with sodium periodate. As a result, distinct patterns of the anti-BSA antibodies were also obtained with a comparable edge resolution to that of avidin patterns on gold. These results clearly show that PAMAM dendrimers can be adopted as an interfacing layer for the patterning of biological molecules on solid surfaces with micrometer resolution.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.40.2-40.2
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• 2010

In this study, oxidized alginate/gelatin/biphase calcium phosphate (BCP)- based hydrogel composites were fabricated. Alginate sodium was oxidized by periodate. The oxidized product was confirmed by using $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra. The number average molecular weight ($M_n$), the average molecular weight ($M_w$) of the oxidized alginate were determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The hydrogel was formed from the oxidized alginate and gelatin solution via Schift-base reaction. The hydrogel showed a highly porosity by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). Crosslinked density of the gel matrix were assessd by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) assay that shows a high effect on swelling ratio. Increment of the crosslinked desity resulted in enhancing compressive strength of the hydrogel composite. The cytotoxity of hydrogel was assessed with osteoblast MG-63. The hydrogel composites show a high compatibility. The obtained results showed a potential application for bone regeneration in future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.222-222
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• 1994

목적하는 화합물인 2',5'-dihydroxy-3'-무치환 유도체(1)는 uridine을 sodium metaperiodate로 산화하여 dialdehyde를 얻은다음 1,2-dianilinoethane으로 3'-aldehyde만을 선택적으로 보호, 2'-aldehyde를 NaBH$_4$로 환원, alcohol로 하여 deprotection 하므로서 hemiacetal율 얻는다. 이 hemiacetal을 TsSNHHNH$_2$로 처리하여 목적하는(1) 화합물을 얻었으며 2-azido-5-Hydroxy-3'-무치환 유도체(2)는 (1)화합물 합성시 얻은 hemiactal을 출발 물질로 하여 먼저 TBDPSCl로 silyaltion하여 5'-hydroxyl group을 보호하고 TsNHNH$_2$로 3'-위치를 hydrazone으로 한다음 NaB(CNH$_3$로 처리하여 얻은 hydrazide를 NaOAc를 반응시켜 2'-hydroxy-3'-무치환-5'-silyl 유도체를 얻고 또한 2',3'-dihydroxy group을 tosyl화, azido화, 5'-silyl group을 deprotection 하므로서 (2)를 얻었다. 또한 2',3'-dihydroxy-5'-무치환 유도체(4)는 uridine의 2',3'-위치를 먼저 protection, 5'-위치를 benzoyl화 2',3'-deprotection, periodate oxidation하여 얻은 diol을 silyl화 한 다음 5'-위치를 benzoyl화, 2',3'-deprotection, 산화하여 얻은 hemiacetal의 silyl group을 제거한후 primary hydroxyl group만을 선택적으로 silyl화, TsNHNH$_2$, NaB(CN)H$_3$ 및 NaOAc로 처리하므로서 얻은 2'-hydroxy-3'-0-silyl group-5'-무치환 화합물을 tosyl, azido화 한다음 desilylation하여 얻었다. 목적하는(1) 화합물의 diasteromer 인 2',3'-dihydroxy-5'-무치환 유도체(3)는 (4)화합물 합성시 얻은 hemiactal을 key intermediate로 하여 TsNHNH$_2$, NaB(CN)H$_3$ 및 NaOAc로 처리하므로서 얻을수 있었다. 이들 화합물들의 각종 DNA 및 RNA virus에 대한 항 바이러스작용을 검토한 결과 현저한 항 바이러스 작용을 나타내지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.34.2-34.2
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• 2011

The demand for Ru has been increasing in the electronic, chemical and semiconductor industry. Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is one of the fabrication processes for electrode formation and barrier layer removal. The abrasive particles can be easily contaminated on the top surface during the CMP process. This can induce adverse effects on subsequent patterning and film deposition processes. In this study, a post Ru CMP cleaning solution was formulated by using sodium periodate as an etchant and citric acid to modify the zeta potential of alumina particles and Ru surfaces. Ru film (150 nm thickness) was deposited on tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) films by the atomic layer deposition method. Ru wafers were cut into $2.0{\times}2.0$ cm pieces for the surface analysis and used for estimating PRE. A laser zeta potential analyzer (LEZA-600, Otsuka Electronics Co., Japan) was used to obtain the zeta potentials of alumina particles and the Ru surface. A contact angle analyzer (Phoenix 300, SEO, Korea) was used to measure the contact angle of the Ru surface. The adhesion force between an alumina particle and Ru wafer surface was measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM, XE-100, Park Systems, Korea). In a solution with citric acid, the zeta potential of the alumina surface was changed to a negative value due to the adsorption of negative citrate ions. However, the hydrous Ru oxide, which has positive surface charge, could be formed on Ru surface in citric acid solution at pH 6 and 8. At pH 6 and 8, relatively low particle removal efficiency was observed in citric acid solution due to the attractive force between the Ru surface and particles. At pH 10, the lowest adhesion force and highest cleaning efficiency were measured due to the repulsive force between the contaminated alumina particle and the Ru surface. The highest PRE was achieved in citric acid solution with NaIO4 below 0.01 M at pH 10.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2000

Kunitz-type soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and chondroitin sulfate (A, and C type) were conjugated using sodium periodate method. And the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic properties and immunogenecity of the conjugates (Chon-A-SBTI or Chon-C-SBTI) were characterized. We expected the conjugation using chondroitin sulfate to reduce the immunogenecity and to improve the pharmacological effect. As the results, the mean molecular weight of the conjugate highly increased. After I.V. injection of the radiolabeled conjugates or native SBTI into mice, it was found that native SBTI showed rapid elimination from plasma, whereas Chon-A-SBTI and Chon-C-SBTI were slowly eliminated. Organ distribution of the two agents at 30 min after I.V. injection was different : Chon-A-SBTI or Chon-C-SBTI accumulated to a large extent in the liver (13% in Chon-A-SBTI and 16% in Chon-C-SBTI), whereas native SBTI was taken up more rapidly by the kidney (107% dose/g of tissue) and excreated into the urine (26%). In addition we evaluated the therapeutic value of the conjugates by using the sublethal septic shock model caused by pseudomonal elastase and tested the immunogenecity by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis shock (PCA). The conjugates were more effective than native SBTI against pseudomonal elastase induced septic shock in guinea pig. In case of the conjugates, the pharmacological and therapeutic effect lasted over 3 hours long. In immunogenecity test, both of the conjugates showed the reduction of their immunogenecity, especially Chon-A-SBTI looked most effective.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.961-967
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• 2004

The development of an antibody labeling method with $^{99m}$Tc is important for cancer imaging. Most bifunctional chelate methods for $^{99m}$Tc labeling of antibody incorporate a $^{99m}$Tc chelator through a linkage to lysine residue. In the present study, a novel site-specific $^{99m}$Tc labeling method at carbohydrate side chain in the Fc region of 2 antibodies (T101 and rabbit anti-human serum albumin antibody (RPAb)) using dihydrazinophthalazine (DHZ) which has 2 hydrazino groups was developed. The antibodies were oxidized with sodium periodate to pro-duce aldehyde on the Fc region. Then, one hydrazine group of DHZ was conjugated with an aldehyde group of antibody through the formation of a hydrazone. The other hydrazine group was used for labeling with $^{99m}$Tc. The number of conjugated DHZ was 1.7 per antibody. $^{99m}$Tc labeling efficiency was 46-85％ for T101 and 67∼87％ for RPAb. Indirect labeling with DHZ conjugated antibodies showed higher stability than direct labeling with reduced antibodies. High immunoreactivities were conserved for both indirectly and directly labeled antibodies. A biodistribution study found high blood activity related to directly labeled T1 01 at early time point as well as low liver activity due to indirectly labeled T101 at later time point. However, these findings do not affect practical use. No significantly different biodistribution was observed in the other organs. The research concluded that DHZ can be used as a site-specific bifunctional chelating agent for labeling antibody with $^{99m}$Tc. Moreover, $^{99m}$Tc labeled antibody via DHZ was found to have excellent chemical and biological properties for nuclear medicine imaging.edicine imaging.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.78-92
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• 1994

Lysozyme has been reported to be present in the secretory granules of the Paneth cell, and lysozyme immunoreactivity has been detected by immunogold method in Paneth cells of the intestine of human, mouse and rat. The present study was aimed at clarifying the intracellular distribution and changes of the lysozyme immunoreactivity in rabbit Paneth cell after common bile duct ligation of rabbit, using the electron microscope immunogold technique. Healthy adult rabbits weighing about 2kg body weight were divided into normal and bile duct ligated groups. Common bile duct ligation was performed aseptically under ether anesthesia. Experimental animals were sacrificed on the 1st, the 3rd, the 5th, the 7th and the 14th day after the operation. Mucosal specimens from the intestinal gland of ileum were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde, followed by 1% osmium tetroxide, embedded in araldite mixture, cut with LKB-V ultratome. Ultrathin sections were placed on parlodion coated nickel grids (200mesh). The section-bearing grids were floated upside down on the added substance in a moist chamber at room temperature except for the primary antibody step, which was at $4^{\circ}C$. Sections were etched with a saturated solution of sodium m-periodate for 60min. After etching, sections were pretreated with 0.02M tris buffered saline (TBS), pH 8.4, with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma) for 60min, then treated polyclonal rabbit anti-human lysozyme (Dakipatts) diluted 1 : 50 in TBS with 0.1% BSA for 20hr. Subsequently, grids were incubated 60min in biotinylated goat anti rabbit IgG (Amersham) diluted 1 : 100 in TBS with 0.1% BSA. After this, sections were incubated 60min on streptavidin gold G10 (Amersham) diluted 1 : 50 in TBS with 0.1% BSA. After each step, the grids were briefly rinsed with TBS with 0.1% BSA. After the strepavidin gold step, the sections were jet washed with distilled water. Counterstain of the sections performed by uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed with JEM 100 CX II electron microscope. Observed results were as follow; 1. Secretory granules of mouse Paneth cells have a lysozyme immunoreactivity and also eosinophil leucocyte of rabbit applied for the positive-control stain, are well labeld with gold particles. 2. Normal rabbit Paneth cells have a lysozyme immunoreactivity restricted on the secretory granules. 3. Amount lysosomes containing myelin figures in the Paneth cells were significantly increased from 5th day after the common bile duct ligation. 4. Immunoreactivity of Paneth cell secretory granules were more activated on the 3rd day after the common bile duct ligation as compared with those of the normal animal. But the lysozyme immunoreactivity were decreased from the 5th day after the common bile duct ligation. 5. Considering the above finding, lysozyme contained Paneth cell are affected following of common bile duct ligation, whereas lysosomes containing myelin-figure do not exhibit any immunoreactive relationship with those of secretory granules.