• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1603-1610
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented spinach derived nitrite and sodium nitrite on cured pork loin. Methods: The following treatments were prepared using brine (8% [w/v] salt): Control (-), no nitrite added; Control (+), 0.08% (w/v) sodium nitrite brine; T1, 0.04% (w/v) nitrite fermented spinach juice in 0.04% (w/v) sodium nitrite brine; T2, spinach juice in 0.04% (w/v) sodium nitrite brine; T3, 0.04% (w/v) nitrite fermented spinach juice used as sodium nitrite free brine; and T4, spinach juice used as sodium nitrite free brine. T2 and T4 were incubated to allow to reduce nitrate to nitrite. Results: Spinach juice did not affect cooking loss and pH but negatively influenced flavor and overall acceptability (p<0.05). T1 samples containing synthetic and natural nitrites showed the highest redness values. Spinach juice negatively affected volatile basic nitrogen; however, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values of T1 and T3 were similar to those of controls (+) (p>0.05). Residual nitrite content decreased with decreasing synthetic nitrite levels. T1 and control samples showed no significant differences in overall acceptability (p>0.05). Conclusion: Thus, combined synthetic and natural nitrites improved the quality of cured pork loin.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.955-976
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on human health. Sodium nitrite in processed meat is known to be one of the main precursors of carcinogens, such as N-nitroso compounds. However, we previously found that processed meat is not the primary source of sodium nitrite; nitrate or the conversion of nitrate in vegetables are contribute to generate more than 70% Sodium nitrite or nitrate containing compounds in body. Although the heavy consumption of meat is likely to cause various diseases, meat intake is not the only cause of colorectal cancer. Our review indicates that sodium nitrite derived from foods and endogenous nitric oxide may exhibit positive effects on human health, such as preventing cardiovascular disease or improving reproductive function. Therefore, further epidemiological studies considering various factors, such as cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, stress index, salt intake, and genetic factors, are required to reliably elucidate the effects of dietary sodium nitrite and meat on the incidence of diseases, such as colorectal cancer.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2010

Sodium nitrite is widely used as one of the popular corrosion inhibitors for the protection of ferrous metal in closed cooling water system, such as a diesel engine and a chiller. The optimum treatment conditions are studied through laboratory tests using linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique. Corrosion rate of the carbon steel electrode could be maintained less than $2.5{\times}10^{-3}$ mmpy in the test condition of 500 ppm as ${NO_2}^-$, 200 ppm as $Cl^-$, $70^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.8. The pH control is confirmed not to be an important factor in the protection of carbon steel by sodium nitrite inhibitor. The addition of tolyltriazole was needed for the protection of the copper alloy in the sodium nitrite treatment system.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.946-956
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• 2020

To identify the effect of sodium-alternative curing salts on the quality properties of salami through the ripening process, four salami treatments were prepared with different curing salts, T1 (-control, NaCl 1.9%), T2 (+control, NaCl 1.9%+NaNO₂ 0.01%), T3 (KCl 1.9%+NaNO₂ 0.01%), and T4 (MgCl₂ 1.9%+NaNO₂ 0.01%), under 40 days ripening conditions. Sodium-alternative salts (T3 or T4) showed characteristically different quality traits compared with T2. Especially, T3 had lower pH, water activity, volatile basic nitrogen, and lipid oxidation after 20 days of ripening period, compare with T2 or T4 (p<0.05). Sodium nitrite had critical impact on increased a* values, and T3 showed higher a* values compared with T2 or T4 (p<0.05). Sodium nitrite reduced initial growth of coliforms but sodium-alternative salts did not affect microbial growth patterns. T2-T4 containing sodium nitrite had higher content of umami nucleotide flavor compounds compared with T1, regardless of the chlorine salt species. The combined use of sodium-alternative curing salts and minimal sodium nitrite was found to be an applicable strategy on development of low sodium salami without a trade-off of the product quality.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2016

Pastırma, a dry-cured meat product, is produced from the whole muscle and/or muscles obtained from certain parts of beef and water buffalo carcasses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of sodium nitrite on changes in the physicochemical and microbial quality during the production of pastırma. The changes in residual nitrite, salt, pH, moisture, thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances (TBARS), colour (L*, a*, b*), total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Micrococcus/Staphylococcus (M/S), mould-yeast (M-Y), and Enterobacteriaceae counts of pastırma with 0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm sodium nitrite were determined during the production. The nitrite levels and the production stages had significant effects (p<0.01) on residual nitrite, TBARS, pH, salt, and colour values. The TBARS values of the pastırma with nitrite were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control. The final TAMB, LAB, M/S, and M-Y counts of pastırma with 150 ppm nitrite were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control. Also, the a* (relative redness) values of control pastırma were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the pastırma with nitrite. The production stages had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the moisture.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.703-706
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• 2015

The interaction of plasma with liquid generates nitrogen species including nitrite (NO⁻₂). Therefore, the color developing capacity of plasma-treated water (PTW) as a nitrite source for meat curing was investigated in this study. PTW, which is generated by surface dielectric barrier discharge in air, and the increase of plasma treatment time resulted in increase of nitrite concentration in PTW. The PTW used in this study contains 46 ppm nitrite after plasma treatment for 30 min. To evaluate the effect of PTW on the cured meat color, meat batters were prepared under three different conditions (control, non-cured meat batter; PTW, meat batter cured with PTW; Sodium nitrite, meat batter cured with sodium nitrite). The meat batters were vacuum-packaged and cooked in a water-bath at 80℃ for 30 min. The typical color of cured meat developed in cooked meat batter treated with sodium nitrite or PTW. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values were similar in all conditions, whereas, the redness (a*) values of cooked meat batter with PTW and sodium nitrite (p<0.05) were significantly higher than the control. These data indicate that PTW can be used as a nitrite source in the curing process of meat without addition of other nitrite sources.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.349-356
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• 1995

이 연구에서는 방부제로 사용되는 아질산나트륨이 질편모충에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알 아보고자 in vivo 및 in vitro에서 관찰하였다 Metronidasole 감수성인 KT9 분리주 및 내성인 CDC85주의 배양배지에 아질산나트륨을 넣은 경우 10% 이하로 증식이 억제되는 농도는 KT9주에서는 6mM, CDC85주에서는 10 mM로 KT9 분리주가 CDC85주에 비해 아질간나트륨의 더 낮은 농도에서 증식이 억제되었다. KT9 분리주 및 CDC85주를 마우스 피하에 주사하고 마우스 체중 g당 $70{\;}\mu\textrm{g},{\;}100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}및{\;}130{\;}\mu\textrm{g}$의 아질산나트륨을 복강내로 주입하였을 때 농양크기가 약제를 넣지 않은 대조군에 비해 약간씩 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다 질편모충에 아질산나트륨을 처리하고 전자현미경으로 관찰하였을때 약제를 넣지 않은 질편모충체 비해 공포(vacuole)수가 증가했으며. 자식 성공포(autophagic vacuole)의 출현,. 전자밀도가 낮은 부위 (electron-translucent zone)가 관찰되었으며 hydrogenosomal matrix의 변화와 세포막 및 핵막의 파괴가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 아질산나트늄은 배양배지내에서 질편모충의 증식을 억제시키고 미세구조에 변화를 가져오나, 마우스 질편모충 감염에 의한 농양크기를 감소시키지는 못하있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.831-843
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• 2020

This study investigated the potential for using vegetable powders as a natural replacement for sodium nitrite and their effects on the physicochemical characteristics of alternatively cured pork products. We analyzed pork products subjected to four treatments: control (0.015% sodium nitrite), Chinese cabbabe powder (CCP) treatment (0.4% Chinese cabbage powder), radish powder (RP) treatment (0.4% radish powder), and spinach powder (SP) treatment (0.4% spinach powder). Among the vegetable powders prepared in this study, SP had the highest (p<0.05) nitrate content, while CCP had the lowest (p<0.05). The cooking yields from these treatments were not significantly different from each other. However, the products with vegetable powders had higher (p<0.05) pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values than the control. Pork products with vegetable powders also showed lower CIE L^⁎ values and higher CIE b^⁎ values than the nitrite-added control. RP treatment had similar (p>0.05) CIE a^⁎ values to the control, while SP treatment had the lowest (p<0.05) CIE a^⁎ values. The residual nitrite content was lower (p<0.05) in the vegetable powder added pork products than in the control, although nitrosyl hemochrome and total pigment contents in the CCP and RP treatments were similar (p>0.05) to those in the control. The control, CCP, and RP treatments showed curing efficiencies greater than 80%, indicating that CCP and RP would be promising potential replacements for sodium nitrite. The results of this study suggest that RP may be a suitable natural replacement for sodium nitrite to produce alternatively cured meat products, compared to other leafy vegetable powders.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

본 연구는 소시지 제조 시에 첨가되는 아질산염의 대체수단으로서 이용가능성이 대두된 유산나트륨의 과다 사용량을 줄이고자 키토산을 첨가함으로서 그 기능성이 보완된 저아질산나트륨, 저유산나트륨의 소시지를 만드는데 있다. 소시지 제조는 대조구(C, nitrite 100 ppm)와 처리구(T1, nitrite 30 ppm + sodium lactate 2% + chitosan 0.5%; T2, nitrite 30 ppm + sodium lactate 1% + chitosan 1%; T3, nitrite 30 ppm + sodium lactate 0% + chitosan 1.5%) 로 하였으며, 혈액성상을 측정하기위해 실험쥐 24마리가 4주간 사육되었다. 소시지의 색상은 유의적인 차이를 보인데 반해, 적색도는 대조구에서 황색도는 키토산이 많은 T3에서 높게 나타났다. pH와 보수력에서 대조구, T1 및 T2에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 T3에서는 낮은 pH와 낮은 보수력을 보였다. 조직분석에서 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성, 부착성에는 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 경도와 검성은 처리구보다 대조구가 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 관능검사의 외관과 색상은 대조구에서 높은 점수를 받았으나, 조직감과 풍미에서는 낮은 점수를 받았다. 미생물수는 냉장저장 1주에서는 대조구및 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 냉장저장 3주에서는 대조구에서 가장 적은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). TBARS 측정에서 항산화 효과는 처리구보다 대조구에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 혈액성상의 경우, 처리구가 쥐의 증체효과를 보였으며, 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤은 유의적으로 감소되는 효과를 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 처리구 중 T1은 대조구에 비해 혈당은 높고, HDL-콜레스테롤이 저하되는 문제를 보였다(p<0.05). T2와 T3간의 증체 및 혈액성상에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 따라서 저 아질산나트륨의 소시지를 제조하고자 유산나트륨과 키토산을 혼합할 경우, 아질산나트륨의 농도에 따른 육색 및 항산화력의 보완이 필요하나, 이화학성상에서는 T1이, 혈액성상에서는 T2가 바람직한 것으로 나타나, 키토산을 첨가함으로서 기능이 보완된 저 아질산나트륨 및 저 유산나트륨의 소시지제조는 가능하다고 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1987

Hepatotoxicity study of the nitrosamine produced by interaction between drugs containing amino groups and soduim nitrite was conducted. In the in vitro study, interaction of 32mM Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL with 200mM Sodium nitrite produced N-nitroso dimetylamine (NDMA) at 0.4% or 0.03%, respectively. When sodium nitrite was administered with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, trace of NDMA was detected from the gastric contents. After three days of consecutive administration of sodium nitrite with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, the levels of GOT, GPT and SDH in the serum of treated groups were significant higher than that of control group.