• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.617-621
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• 2002

In order to optimize the carrot hairy root culture for SOD production, a fed-batch culture of hairy roots was performed in a bioreactor. Maximum SOD activity was obtained when the hairy roots were transferred to the MS medium containing 110 g/1 concentration of sucrose. By controlling the sucrose concentration (70 g/1 sucrose for growth and 110 g/1 sucrose far production, respectively) In a two-stage fed-batch culture, 29 g/1 of the hairy roots was obtained based on the final dry mass. The volumetrically determined SOD activity and productivity in the fed-batch culture were about 6 times higher than those from the flask culture containing sucrose at 30 g/1 concentration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.399-407
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• 2013

Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1020-1026
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• 1994

Pseudomonas plycolor was used to investigated the optimal culture condition to examine the various properties of superoxide dismutase (SOD). this SOD was inhibited by $H_2O_2$, azide ion, but not by cyanide ion. This result indicates that the enzyme might be a Fe-SOD. The composition of optimal culture medium for the enzyme production was 3% of glycerin, 1% of polypeptone, 0.5% of meat extract, 0.2% of KCI and the initial ph was 9.0 . The cultivation for the enzyme production was carried out in 500ml shaking flask containing 100ml of the optimal medium at $30^{\circ}C$ on a reciprocal shaker. The enzyme production reached maximum at 15hrs of cultivation and then declined sharply afterward.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

The activities of enzymes that act on oxygen derivatives in Rhodobacter sphaeroides D-230 were investigated under various culture conditions. Intracellular SOD activity from the cells grown in aerobic or anaerobic culture conditions was highest at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. On the other hand, extracellular SOD activity was highest at pH 6.0. Catalase activity was highest at neutral pH in both cases. Growth of R. sphaeroides D-230 in aerobic or anaerobic culture conditions was inhibited by methyl viologen. As R. sphaeroides D-230 was cul-tured aerobically, SOD activity was increased about 2-fold by addition of iron ion. But $Mn^+2$ had little effect on the SOD activity of R. sphaeroides D-230 grown in aerobically. NaCN, the inhibitor of Cu$.$Zn-SOD, did not inhibit SOD activity. But, $NaN_3$, the inhibitor of Mn-SOD, inhibited SOD activity in anaerobic cultures con-dition. Therefore, R. sphaeroides D-230 produce Mn-SOD in anaerobic condition, although Fe-Sod is produced in aerobic condition. The activity of catalase was induced by methyl viologen, however, extremely inhibited by NaCN and $NaN_3$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.732-736
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• 1999

The superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Lactococcus lactis was measured quantitatively and qualitatively under various culture conditions. The L. lactis SOD was induced by oxidative stress. As the concentration of paraquat to produce superoxide radicals increased, the growth of L. lactis decreased with concomitant increase of SOD activity. The SOD activity was found to be growth-phase dependent: when aerobically grown cells entered to the stationary phase, the activity increased gradually until the late stationary phase. From inhibition studies, L. lactis SOD was found to be insensitive to KCN and $H_2O_2$ which are known to inhibit Cu/ZnSOD and FeSOD, respectively. Moreover, as the concentration of manganese in the medium increased, the activity of SOD also increased. These data strongly suggested that L. lactis possessed a single manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD). Finally, a putative sod gene fragment of 510 bp was identified in L. lactis using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers designed from the deduced DNA sequences of known SOD genes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 1996

Using superoxide dismutase (SOD)-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the oxidative stresses induced by 0.1 mM of copper ion $(Cu^{++})$ was studied. In aerobic culture condition, yeasts lacking MnSOD (mitochondrial SOD) showed more significant growth retardation than CuZnSOD (cytoplasmic SOD)-deficient yeasts. However, not so big differences in growth pattern of those mutants compared withwild type were observed under anaerobic condition. It was found that, under aerobic condition, the supplementation of 0.1 mM copper ioh:(Cu") into culture medium caused the remarkable increase of CuZnSOD but not so significant change in MnSOD. It was also observed that catalase activities appeared to be relatively high in the presence of copper ion in spite of the remarkable reduction of glutathion peroxidase in CuZnSOD-deficient yeasts, but the slight increments of catalase and glutathion peroxidase were detected in MnSOD-deficient strains. It implies that the lack of cytoplasmic SOD could be compensated mainly by catalase. However, these phenomena resulted in the significantincrease of cellular lipid peroxides content in CuZnSOD-deficient yeasts and the slight increment of lipid peroxides in MNSOD-deficient cells. In anaerobic cultivation supplementing copper ion, the cellular enzyme activities of catalase and glutathion peroxidase in SOD-deficient yeasts were slightly increased without any significant changes of lipid peroxides in cell membrane. It suggests that a little amount of free radicals generated by copper ion under anaerobic condition could be sufficiently overcome by catalase as well as glutathion peroxidase.dase.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 1996

The study was conducted to determine the optimal glucose, superoxide dimutase(SOD) and catalase levels during the in vitro culture of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro for morulae and blastocyst development. Oocytes were cultured for 0~8 days in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 20% FCS, different glucose, SOD and catalase levels. The results are summairzed as follows ; 1. The in vitro developmental rates of porcine oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mM glucose levels 0~3 and 0~8 days after insemination were 22.8, 24.2, 21.9, 20.0, 12.1 and 21.9, 26.7, 25.0, 22.6, 16.7%, respectively. 2. The in vitro developmental rates of porcine oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 100, 200, 300, 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml SOD levels 0~3 and 0~8 days after insemination were 16.7~23.3 and 16.7~25.0%, respectively. High levels of SOD(500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) significantly reduced the rates of molurae and blastocysts stage(P<0.05). 3. The in vitro developmental rates porcine oocytes cultured in TCM-199 medium containing 100, 200, 300, 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml catalase levels 0~3 and 0~8 days after insemination were 18.8~26.7 and 19.4~28.1%, respectively, and there was significant differences on the development to the molurae and blastocysts stage among the cumulus cells and glucose levels.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2012

Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH, NO, SOD and $ABTS^+$ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1998

To develop the fruits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) producing high yields of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the MnSOD cDNA from pea (Pisum sativum) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into cucumber using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain LBA 4404)-mediated transformation. The kanamycin-resistant shoots were selected on the selection medium containing MS basal salt, 1.0 mg/L zeatin, 0.1 mg/L IAA, 300 mg/L claforan, and 100 mg/L kanamycin. After 6 weeks of culture on the selection medium, the shoots were transferred to MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA to induce roots. PCR analysis using the primers for neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) gene revealed that three plantlets were transformed. The fruits of one transgenic plant had approximately 3.2-fold higher SOD activity than those of non-transgenic plants. MnSOD isoenzyme band was strongly detected on native gel in fruits of transgenic plants.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 1993

This study was designed to develop the in vitro culture systemof mammalian preimplantation embryos. We proposed mouse fetal fibroblast cells (MFFC) from 14∼15 day mouse fetus. Zygotes from superovulated female ICR mice were cultured 96 hrs in simple defined media (T6) or on the monolayer of MFFC. In addition, to evaluate the action of the co-culture of MFFC, various diluted superoxide dismutase antibody (SOD-Ab) was supplemented into the monolayer of MFFC and zygotes were cultrued in presence or absence of SOD-Ab. The developmental rates of zygotes were significantly increased in co-culture with MFFC compared to the control. The rates of zygotes to the 4-cell stage in media treated with EDTA were higher than those cultured in MFFC but the proportions of morula and blastocyst were not differ between EDTA and MFFC. Interestingly blastocysts in co-culture with MFFC possessed as many as blastomere as those developing in vivo, but blastocysts cultured with EDTA had significantly fewer blastomeres. In addition, the treatment of SOD-Ab suppressed the beneficial effect of MFFC. Therefore, our findings suggest that co-cultrue system using MFFC may have an advantage in the development of mouse zygotes as well as embryonic differentiation.