• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Objectives: It has been well documented that people on the lower socioeconomic position are significantly more likely to smoke cigarettes. The purposes of this study were (a) to identify a potential difference of socioeconomic factors, and (b) to compare a smoking rate, one of the most representative health behavior between people with/without disabilities after the controlling socioeconomic factors. Methods: The Korea Panel Survey of Employment for People of Disabilities (2012) and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012) were employed for calculating the smoking rates of persons with/without disabilities. Results: The results demonstrated that the socioeconomic position indicators (education, occupation and household equivalent income) of persons with disabilities were lower than persons without disabilities. The smoking rates of the persons with/without disabilities were 35.9% and 19.0% respectively before propensity score matching. After propensity score matching with the socioeconomic factors, however, ATT of people with disabilities was 0.201 which is lower than ATT of people without disabilities (0.227). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the socioeconomic level of persons with disabilities is important to improve the smoking rates and health level regardless of their disabilities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.821-832
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• 2021

Economic deprivation of households remains a significant economic issue in the world. Researchers have shown great concern in identifying crucial factors to enhance poor households' socio-economic performance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a new conceptual framework to investigate the influence of different microfinance services on households' socioeconomic performance using moderated mediation analysis of various crucial factors. Focus-group interviews with managements of the microfinance institution, i.e. Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM), and a systematic literature review were conducted for this purpose, and a new framework for the future study has been developed. The result from focus-group interviews and systematic literature review propose microfinance financial services, training programs, and business coaching as independent factors, whereas household socioeconomic performance as a dependent factor in the proposed model. Specifically, this study provides the direction to scholars to empirically test the direct relationship between financial services and household socioeconomic performance and the indirect relationship between training programs, business coaching, and household socioeconomic performance. Further, microfinance institutions' service efficiency is also included as a moderator that can strengthen microfinance services' effectiveness. The study also provides useful implications for policymakers, financial institutions, households, micro-enterprises, and researchers to better understand microfinance interventions and household economic mechanisms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1627-1631
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• 2015

Background: Stage at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors of breast cancer survival. Because in the breast cancer case this may vary with socioeconomic characteristics, this study was performed to recognize the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors with stage at diagnosis in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on 526 patients suffering from breast cancer and registered in Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2013. A reliable and valid questionnaire about family levels of socioeconomic status filled in by interviewing the patients via phone. For analyzing the data, Multinomial logistic regression, Kendal tau-b correlation coefficient and Contingency Coefficient tests were executed by SPSS22. Economic status, educational attainment of patient and household head and/or a combination of these were considered as parameters for socioeconomic status. First, the relationship between stage at diagnosis and demographic and socioeconomic status was assessed in univariate analysis then these relationships assessed in two different models of multinomial logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.3 (SD=11.4). According to the results of this study, there were significant relationships between stage at diagnosis of breast cancer with patient education (p=0.011), living place (p=0.044) and combined socioeconomic status (p=0.024). These relationships persisted in multiple multinomial logistic regressions. Other variables, however, had no significant correlation. Conclusions: Patient education, combined socioeconomic status and living place are important variables in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in Iranian women. Interventions have to be applied with the aim of raising women's accessibility to diagnostic and medical facilities and also awareness in order to reducing delay in referring. In addition, covering breast cancer screening services by insurance is recommended.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of malnutrition and to explore its association with socioeconomic and social support factors among Korean elderly in the community. Methods : The study sample was a weighted population of 10,160 elderly who participated in the 2014 Korean Elderly Living Conditions and Welfare Survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association socioeconomic and social support factors have with malnutrition. Results : Of the Korean elderly 18.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Being uneducated (OR=1.40) and having a lower household income (OR=1.97) were significantly associated with malnutrition even after adjusting for other socio-demographic and health-related covariates. Elderly who lived alone (OR=1.86) and who had poor relationships with their children (OR=1.97) were at much higher risk of malnutrition than their counterparts. Their having poor relationships with acquaintances and poor social participation were also associated with malnutrition. Conclusions : Socioeconomic and social support resources are important factors in the nutritional status of the elderly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3219-3221
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• 2013

Background: This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to screen Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) skin melanoma data to identify and quantify the effects of socioeconomic factors on cause specific survival. Methods: 'SEER cause-specific death classification' used as the outcome variable. The area under the ROC curve was to select best pretreatment predictors for further multivariate analysis with socioeconomic factors. Race and other socioeconomic factors including rural-urban residence, county level % college graduate and county level family income were used as predictors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify and quantify the independent socioeconomic predictors. Results: This study included 49,999 parients. The mean follow up time (SD) was 59.4 (17.1) months. SEER staging (ROC area of 0.08) was the most predictive foctor. Race, lower county family income, rural residence, and lower county education attainment were significant univariates, but rural residence was not significant under multivariate analysis. Living in poor neighborhoods was associated with a 2-4% disadvantage in actuarial cause specific survival. Conclusions: Racial and socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on the survival of melanoma patients. This generates the hypothesis that ensuring access to cancer care may eliminate these outcome disparities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6303-6309
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• 2015

Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) such as income levels may partly explain why breast cancer screening (BCS) disparities exist in countries where health care services are free or heavily subsidized. However, factors that contribute to such differences in SES among women living in well resourced Middle East countries are not fully understood. This quantitative study investigated factors that influence SES and BCS of Arab women. Understanding of such factors can be useful for the development of effective intervention strategies that aim to increase BCS uptake among Arab women. Using data from a cross-sectional survey among 1,063 Arabic-speaking women in Qatar, age 35+, additional data analysis was performed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic indicators such as income and other factors in relation to BCS activities. This study found that income is determined and influenced by education level, occupation, nationality, years of residence in the country, level of social activity, self-perceived health status, and living area. Financial stress, unemployment, and unfavorable social conditions may impede women's participation in BCS activities in well resourced Middle East countries.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2008

Purpose: To determine the degree of cardiovascular disease risk according to socioeconomic factors among midlife women in the community and thereby provide baseline data for the development of health promotion programs. Method: A total of 200 women participated in health screenings and a health survey. The survey was performed in November and December, 2006. The survey instruments included socioeconomic factors, health behavior (smoking and exercise), and family history. Biophysical measurement included BMI and blood pressure. Blood samples were drawn for glucose and total cholesterol tests. Results: The mean age was 52.5 years, 34.0% had received education less than 6 years, 70.0% earned a monthly income of less than \1,500,000, and 61.5% were homemakers. Cardiovascular disease risk was significantly different by age (BMI, systolic BP, and exercise), education (systolic BP), monthly income (T. cholesterol), marital status (smoking), and occupation (exercise). Most women had 2 or 3 cardiovascular disease risks. Older age, lower education, and lower income were significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Conclusion: Efforts should be made to decrease the number and severity of cardiovascular disease risk factors for midlife women in the community by developing health promotion programs targeting to modify their cardiovascular disease risk factors.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to find a way to solve oral health inequality in old age by understanding the effect of the socioeconomic level of the elderly on oral health. Methods: We used data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A chi-square test was performed to investigate differences in oral health according to socioeconomic status and demographic and oral health-related factors. Socioeconomic status and oral health inequality were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The average number of teeth in the elderly was 17.20, which is insufficient for the minimum number of teeth required for mastication. In the analysis of the correlation between socioeconomic status and oral health inequality, education level, income level, and home ownership were factors influencing the oral health of the elderly; education level was found to have the strongest effect. Conclusions: Oral health inequality according to socioeconomic status was confirmed, and it is necessary to measure the level of oral health inequality with active efforts at the government level to resolve the gap in oral health by social class.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the socioeconomic status as a risk factor for hepatitis C virus infection among community-dwelling adults in Korea. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study including 2,617 adults. Data from hepatocellular carcinoma epidemiological investigation and information regarding three markers of socioeconomic status, education, employment, household income, were obtained. Multiple logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for hepatitis C virus infection for socioeconomic status markers, adjusting for the other soioeconomic status marker, behavioral and hepatitis-related factors. Results: Of the 2,617 study subjects, 104 subjects infected with hepatitis C virus and prevalence was 4%. When compared to subjects with a lowest education, ORs was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.69) for highest education group. After adjusting behavioral and hepatitis-related factors, ORs was 0.20 (0.05-0.87) for highest education compared with lowest group. Conclusion: Low educational level was associated with an increased risk of hepatitis C virus infection.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes according to the socioeconomic factor of patients who visited the emergency room. Methods: This study conducted frequency analysis, percentage analysis, and Fisher's exact test analysis method, using the R 4.1.2 program based on the 2019 data from the Korea Health Panel. Results: Among the treatment results of 1,648 patients, 392 patients were hospitalized or transferred to other hospitals, 845 were discharged after treatment, 224 were discharged, and 7 died. The Fisher's exact test of treatment outcomes and socioeconomic factors was not statistically significant for status of the worker and employment relationship, but was significant for the housing, household, economic activity, and insurance types, and marital status and education. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that it is necessary to conduct follow up studies on socioeconomic factors to provide basic data that can contribute to fairness and equity in the health care field.