• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2000

Studies on the relation between socio-economic factors and metermal and child health have found that poverty, lack of edcation, inappropriate health serives are affecting to maternal and child health. The Gender Related Development Index (GDI) focuses on equality between men and women as well as on the average achiement of all people taken together, using same cariables as the Human Development Index (HDI) which are life expectancy, literacy rate, and per capita GDP. This research is to inverstigate whether HDI and GDI are useful determinants for maternal infant mortality. Using 146 UN member countries date, we condented multiple regression analysis for maternal and infant mortality with three models which are Model(individual variables-literacy rate, per capita GDP), Model(HDI) and Model(GDI). The results showed that HDI and GDI are powerful determinants of both maternal and infant mortality, respectively HDI($\beta$=-1.18, t=3.3; $\beta$=1.04, t=5.1) GDI($\beta$=-1.44, t=3.9; $\beta$=1.28, t=6.5) The higher power in model with GDI for both maternal and infant mortalities represented that GDI was more powerful determinant of maternal and infant mortality, than HDI respectively HDI($R^2$=0.824, $R^2$=0.842), GDI($R^2$=0.834, $R^2$=0.865). In conclusion, the maternal and infant mortalities are explained by GDI than HDI and may be lower in the societies where there are less discimination between men and women.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

Objectives: Little is yet known about the determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine the factors that have an impact on BMD in young men. Methods: Questionnaires were sent out to 111 male medical students. Information on age, socio-economic status, medical history, lifestyle, physical activity during adolescence, school club participation, current physical activity, and dietary intake were collected by the survey. Height, weight, percent body fat and muscle mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance, and BMD was obtained using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. Using the Poisson regression model, prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to estimate the degree of association between risk factors and osteopenia. Results: The height and current physical activity showed a correlation to the Osteoporosis Index. Among the categorized variables, past physical activity during adolescence (p= 0.002) showed a positive effect on the bone mineral content. In the multivariate model, past physical activity (${\geq}1$ time/wk) had a protective effect on osteopenia (PR, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.75) and present physical activity (1000 metabolic equivalent of task-min/wk) decreased the risk of osteopenia (PR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.91). Conclusions: Past physical activity during adolescence is as important as physical activity in the present for BMD in young men.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

Objectives: To comprehensively examine the relationship between current sleep duration and past suicidal idea or attempt among Korean adolescents. Methods: Data came from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 75 066 participants (with the participation rate of 97.6%) in 800 middle and high schools. Binary logistic regression was conducted by gender and depressed mood to identify significant factors for suicidal ideation/attempt. The dependent variable was the log odds of suicidal ideation/attempt, while the independent/control variables were sleep duration and other demographic, socio-economic and health-related factors. Results: A negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation or attempt was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in Korea for Year 2009. The odds ratio of suicidal ideation/attempt regarding less than 4 hours of sleep compared to 6 to 7 hours of sleep, was smaller in a group with depressed mood than in a group without such experience, for example, 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 2.08) vs. 2.06 (95% CI, 1.34 to 3.17) for men's suicidal ideation, 2.50 (95% CI, 1.69 to 3.69) vs. 3.89 (95% CI, 1.74 to 8.66) for men's suicidal attempt. A negative association between age (or self-rated health) and suicidal ideation/attempt was also weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in the nation for the year. Conclusions: There was a negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation/attempt in Korea for Year 2009 and this association was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience. Based on the findings of this study, adolescents' better mental health and longer, more comfortable sleep might help to prevent their suicidal ideation and attempt in Korea.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2014

청년층의 취업 경쟁은 점차 심화되어 졸업유예, 취업단념과 같은 청년실업문제로 이어지고 있다. 이 연구는 개인의 취업 준비 노력이 근로 참여 양상에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 특히, 대학(원)생을 중심으로 어떠한 변수가 취업준비 동기를 촉발하는지를 반복측정 자료로 규명하였다. 이를 위하여 한국고용정보원에서 주관하는 청년패널조사(Youth Panel; YP) YP2007의 3~5차 연도인 2009~2011년 자료를 분석하였다. 최종 연구에 적용한 대상은 남성 3,481명, 여성 3,770명이었으며, 분석을 위하여 일반화추정방정식(Generalized Estimating Equations; GEEs) 방법을 이용한 패널로짓모형을 적용하였다. 교육적 요인과 인구경제적 요인을 통제하여 분석한 결과, 직업교육 및 훈련 여부, 진로지도 상담 유무, 직업체험 프로그램 참가 여부, 신규 자격증 취득 여부, 성별, 연령, 가구 총소득의 변동은 취업준비에 유의하게 영향을 주었다. 이 연구는 개인의 취업 준비 노력이 근로 참여 양상에 유의한 영향을 주었음을 밝혔으며, 각 요인 간 영향력의 정도를 실증적으로 보여주었다. 청년실업 문제는 청년층의 근로참여 동기와 같은 보다 근본적인 관점에서의 정책적 접근이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.893-920
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국 노동패널(KLIPS) 제1차~제12차년도 자료를 이용하여 개인의 전반적 생활만족도(life satisfaction)와 대기오염 사이에 어떤 연관관계가 있는가를 순서형 프로빗(Ordered Probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 기존 연구에서 고려하고 있는 다양한 개인의 경제적 특성과 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 실증분석 결과 대기오염도는 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에 다른 변수들은 기존의 많은 연구결과와 유사한 결론을 보여 주었다. 소득이 증가할수록 생활만족도가 높아지나 어느 수준이 지나면 증가폭이 작아지는 비선형 효과가 나타나 이스털린 역설(Easterlin's paradox)이 의미하는 바가 한국에서도 어느 정도 나타나고 있음을 보여주었다. 본인이 속한 지역의 1인당 소득으로 측정한 타인의 소득 증가는 생활만족도에 부정적 영향을 미치지만, 결혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 가구원수가 많은 가구 구성원, 도시거주자, 실업자, 자영업자인 경우는 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2007

철도건널목에서 발생하는 사고는 도로상의 차량 사고에 비해 그 빈도수는 적지만 대형사고로 이어져 막대한 사회적 경제적 손실을 초래한다. 건널목의 기하구조측면에서 차량운전자는 철도건널목을 사전에 인지하여 이에 대응하여야 하나, 그렇지 못한 상황에서 사고위험이 존재한다. 그러므로, 철도건널목에 접근하는 차량에 대해 철도건널목의 시인성 확보는 철도건널목의 안전한 운영을 위해 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 하지만, 이와 관련된 연구가 국내에서는 거의 전무한 상태로 철도건널목 시인성 평가 및 이를 토대로 한 시인성 확보 노력이 절실한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 철도건널목에서 현장조사를 실시하여 이를 토대로 철도건널목 시인성을 평가할 수 있는 모델을 개발하였다. 건널목의 기하구조 및 접근도로의 제한속도 등 쉽게 구할 수 있는 변수들을 이용하였으며, 모델의 오차는 약 17.9m으로 나타났다. 개발된 모델을 이용하여 시인성에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 민감도 분석을 간편하게 할 수 있게 되어 시인성을 확보하기 위한 여러 가지 대안을 비교 평가할 수 있게 되었으며, 향후 건설되는 철도건널목의 설계에 반영하여 건널목에서 발생하는 사고를 미연에 방지하고 철도건널목 사고로 인하여 발생하는 막대한 사회적, 경제적 손실을 감소시킬 수 있게 되었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1982

It is discussed in a social epidemiology that a symptom would be regarded as an illness or not by the inhabitants' socio-economic status, ages and races, and the aspects of health care seeking are various according to the above-mentioned characteristics. This paper surveyed the symptom recognition and health care seeking following a questionnaire that, of 14 symptom groups presented, which symptom would be regarded an illness necessary for medical treatment, and if it is regarded as an illness, which kind of medical treatment would be thought to be reasonable. As a result, differently from the general theory of social epidemiology, statistical differences according to independent variables was not found in symptom recognition, which indicates that Korean medical culture is similar between urban and rural areas. But in anticipatory health care seeking, various health care seekings were performed following the symptoms. Especially, general hospitals' medical care was thought to be more desirable by the inhabitants in city area than in rural area ; youngers than olders; high-incomers than low-incomers ; new or old middle class or urban laborers than rural farmers ; and the highly educated than the low educated. Conversely, the latters seeked some treatments by pharmacy.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1974

Health at infancy and early childhood is considered an important factor for healthy life thereafter. Concept of nursing is inclusive not only of physical care but also psycho-social aspect in order to help achieve maximum state of wellness. Statistical studies reveal concept and structure of family and home tends to change towards nuclear type, ratio of female occupancy tends to increase. These tendencies will influence the method of infants and children. Purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of mothers and their children with and without occupation, method of nurturing and analyse data according to various variables, in arnder to give data for care for infants and children. During the period of June 12 though July 22, 1973, 98 mothers and their 224 children; 53 mothers with occupation with 110 children and 45 mothers without occupation with 114 children were Interviewed indirectly through check list. Results of the studies are as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1 ; Tendencies of finger sucking will be greater in children of occupant mothers due to lack of maternal love. Through chi-square examination significant difference is revealed by P>0.05 level, therefore Hypothesis 1 is rejected. (X²=0.24) 3. Hypothesis 2; of occupant mothers tend to have had wanted number of children through family planning. Ratio of wanted versus unwanted children were tested and significant difference is revealed by P<0.05 1eve1. Hypothesis 2 is supported. (X²=8.398). 3. Hypothesis 3: Non-occupant mothers tend to cuddle more while feeding infants. Significant difference Is revealed through Chi-square test by P〈0.05 level. Hypothesis 3 is rejected. (X²=4.34) Conclusion and recommendations: Occupant mothers' higher degree of interest and consideration compared to that of non-occupant mothers in regard to nurturing of their children have been ascertained by this study. These results fight have come up due to the differences of socioeconomic and cultural status of respondents. Further studies on each variable between mothers with and without occupation with similar socio-economic and cultural background are recommended.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

이 연구는 가정과 교사들에게 창의적 재량활동 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 서울시내 중학생 521명을 대상으로 실시 하였다. 청소년 발달 특성을 기초한 자기 자신에 대한 이해, 진로 탐색, 가족 관계,동료간의 우정, 성에 대한 이해, 예절 영역의 요구도 척도를 개발하여 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학생을 대상으로 창의적 재량활동 범교과 학습에 대하여 자기 자신에 대한 이해, 진로 탐색이 가장높은 요구도를 보였으며 다음으로 가족관계, 동료 간의 우정, 청소년의 부적응, 예절, 성에 대한 이해 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 창의적 재량활동 범교과 학습 요구도의 문항내용을 분석해본 결과 자기 자신에 대한 이해 영역의 모든 문항과 나의 잠재 능력 찾기, 나의 적성에 대하여 알아보기 등이 4점 이상의 높은 요구도를 나타내었다. 아울러 3.5점 이상을 나타낸 것은 나의 흥미 알아보기, 변화하는 사회와 직업, 새로운 직업 건전한 직업 가치관, 삶의 목표, 나의 미래 모습, 가족 간의 사랑 일깨우기, 생활 속의 예절 등이다. 셋째, 사회인구학적인 변인에 따른 중학교 2학년 학생들의 창의적 재량활동 범교과 학습 요구도를 알아본 결과 성별, 가족유형, 경제수준 등에 따라 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1277-1280
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• 2015

Aim: To report epidemiologic and anatomoclinical transitions of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in Tunisia. Materials and Methods: Data including clinico-pathological data for 208 cases of T4d or PEV 3 non-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 were collected from patient records. Chi2 and Z tests were used to compare variables with two Tunisian historical series and a series about Arab-American patients. Results: Thirty three percent of our patients had their first child before 23 years of age and 56% had their menarche before 12 years, 75% never receiving oral contraception. Obesity was observed in 42% of women and IBC occurred during pregnancy in 13% of cases. Tumor grade was II-III in 90% of cases, HR was negative in 52%, HER2 was over expressed in 31% and invasion of more than 3 axillary nodes occurred in 18% of patients. We observed a pCR rate of 19% after neoadjuvant treatment (anthracyline-taxane used in 79%, trastuzumab in 27% ). Compared to historical Tunisian series (since 1996), IBC epidemiology remained stable in terms of median age, menopausal status and obesity. However we observed a significant decrease in median clinical tumor size and number of positive axillary lymph nodes. Comparison to IBC in Arab-Americans showed a significant difference in terms of median age, menopausal status, positivity of hormonal receptors and educational level. Conclusions: Our assessment of epidemiologic transition showed a reduction of clinco-pathological stage of IBC, keeping the same characteristics as compared to Tunisian historical series over a period of 14 years. Features seem to be different in Arab-American patients, probably related to migration, "occidentalization" of life style and improvement in socio-economic level.