• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.343-365
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of various individual differences on children's memory of a stressful experience. The participants for the current study were children (N=85) aged 4-9 years those who experienced a naturally occurring stressful experience from a dental procedure. There was overall negative relation between the level of stress and children's memory performance. However, more interestingly, the results of this study provided some further evidence that several cognitive (i.e., receptive language ability and working memory capacity) and emotional (i.e., children's general anxiety condition, children's self-report of pain and anxiety about the event) individual difference factors were associated with variations in children's remembering across ages. The results suggest that the relation between stress and children's memory might be impacted in part by children's various individual characteristics. Furthermore, the findings are discussed in the applied context that based on the results clinical and legal professionals can tailor interviews to best meet children's needs and capabilities, and create developmentally and individually sensitive guidelines for interviewing children in the legal system.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-108
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• 2005

This study examines the failure experience and aspirations for future among Korean adolescents and their parents using indigenous psychological analysis. The first part of this paper reviews the achievement literature that has used indigenous psychological analysis. The second part of this paper provides an empirical analysis of 482 students (primary=117, middle school=88, high school=72, and university=205) and 507 parents of the adolescents (fathers= 236, mothers=271). The open-ended questionnaire developed by Park and Kim (1999) was adopted for the study that asked the respondents to list the most painful experience, the person that was the most responsible for the failure, and the most important reason for the failure. The section on aspirations for the future asked the respondents to list the achievement that they would most likely to succeed, the person that they need assistance from, the type of support they need from the person, and the most important factor that would lead to them to success. The results indicate that for students the most painful failure was related to academic failure and for adults, it was related to family life. The person that was most responsible for the failure was reported by both samples be themselves. As for the most important factor that influenced their failure was a lack of self-regulation, such as a lack of effort and persistence. For the aspiration for future, students listed academic and occupational success and for adults listed harmonious family life as the most important. For social support, the adolescents listed their parents and adults listed their spouse as the person that they need assistance from. As for type of support, they listed emotional support to be the most important. As for the most important factor that would contribute to their success, majority of students and adults listed self-regulation. Based on these results and previous indigenous studies indicate, the following four conclusions could be drawn: (1) the emphasis of self-regulation as the most important reason for their past achievement, the future success and the lack of self-regulation for their failure; (2) the importance of receiving emotional support from family members; (3) the importance of educational aspiration and achievement for providing the basis of economic development; and 4) the importance goal of achieving harmonious family life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1156-1169
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• 2000

The study was aimed at developing an independent hospice center model that would be best suited for Korea based on a literature review and the current status of local and international hospices. For the study, five local and six international hospice organizations were surveyed. Components of the hospice center model include philosophy, purpose, resources (workers, facilities, and equipment), allocation of resources, management, financial support and hospice team service. The following is a summary of the developed model: Philosophies for the hospice center were set as follows: based on the dignity of human life and humanism, help patients spend the rest of their days in a meaningful way and accept life positively. On the staff side, to pursue a team-oriented holistic approach to improve comfort and quality of life for terminally ill persons and their families. The hospice center should have 20 beds with single, two, and four bed rooms. The center should employ, either on a part-time or full-time basis, a center director, nurses, doctors, chaplains, social workers, pharmacists, dieticians, therapists, and volunteers. In addition, it will need an administrative staff, facility managers and nurses aides. The hospice should also be equipped with facilities for patients, their families, and team members, furnished with equipment and goods at the same level of a hospital. represented by a center director who reports to a board and an advisory committee. Also, the center director administers a steering committee and five departments, namely, Administration, Nursing Service, Social Welfare, Religious Services, and Medical Service. Furthermore, the center should be able to utilize a direct and support delivery systems. The direct delivery system allows the hospice center to receive requests from, or transfer patients to, hospitals, clinics, other hospice organizations (by type), public health centers, religious organizations, social welfare organizations, patients, and their guardians. On the other hand, the support delivery system provides a link to outside facilities of various medical suppliers. In terms of management, details were made with regards to personnel management, records, infection control, safety, supplies and quality management. For financial support, some form of medical insurance coverage for hospice services, ways to promote a donation system and fund raising were examined. Hospice team service to be provided by the hospice center was categorized into assessment, physical care, emotional care, spiritual care, bereavement service, medication, education and demonstrations, medical supplies rental, request service, volunteer service, and respite service. Based on the results, the study has drawn up the following suggestions: 1. The proposed model for a hospice center as presented in the study needs to be tested with a pilot project. 2. Studies on criteria for legal approval and license for a hospice center need to be conducted to develop policies. 3. Studies on developing a hospice charge system and hospice standards that meet local conditions in Korea need to be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.236-243
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the OKgram and abuse awareness, and between the the characteristics of the major field and abuse awareness of pre-service child care teachers who are taking the (child care) course as part of their university curriculum. Positiveness isclassified into 2 subfactors,self-positiveness and other positiveness, while abuses are classified into 4 sub factors,viz. body, sex, emotion and neglect, in order to investigate and analyze the effectsof each sub factor. Asurvey was carried out for students of the department of Child Care and the department of Social Welfare of the universities in Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do and Seoul, during the 5 day period from 8th May to 12th May, 2017. After conducting a frequency analysis, correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed, from which we madethe following conclusions. First, it was found that positiveness influences abuse awareness, and that when other positiveness is higher than self-positiveness, abuse awareness is increased. We also concluded that we should provide more personality programs that enhance others positiveness. Second, the seriousness of abuse level showed an average value of 4.594, which is highly recognized, while the level (required) to recognize the index wasin the order of sexual(4.789), physical(4.587), neglect(4.510), emotional(4.498), with the index of emotion beingthe lowest. This indicatesthe necessity to strengthen the social standard on emotion abuse awareness. Third, in the characteristics of the major field, the respondents answered that their actual work experience of being a pre-service child care teacher was helpful to raise their abuse awareness, and thatchild care practice wasthe most important.Therefore,we concluded that it is necessary to arrange practical courses which increase the chance of obtaining actual work experience and provide child care practice during child care teacher training.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.94-109
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• 2000

The chances of disease pattern increased the importance of Health-promoting Lifestyle and a large part of the Health-promoting Lifestyle is associated with individual's habit. Health-promoting Lifestyle among nurses is very important because nurses could be a role model of patients and possibly influence many patients. The purpose of this study was oat on1y to assess how hospital nurses practice their Health-promoting Lifestyle but also to identify those affecting determinants. The subjects were 392 nurses working at 3 different hospital in Seoul. These data were collected by self administered questionnaire from April 27 to May 20, 2000. This study examined Health-promoting Lifestyle using In Sook Park's model, individual characteristics. Behavior-specific Cognitions and Affect factors using Pender's model and tried to fine out their relationships. The instruments used in this study were Health-promoting Lifestyle Profile developed by In Sock Park(1995). Likert's four-point scale was used also in this research. The percentage, mean standard deviation, AVNOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 52.3% of sample were aged between 25 and 29, 67.1% were single, 55.6% were university graduates, 51.8% earned 1.5 to 2.0 million won, 57.9% slept for d to 8 hours, 74.5% stated they were healthy. 2. 32.7% of sample worked in surgical gird department, 82.4% worked in 3 shift, 26.3% have been working as nurses for 5 to 7 years. Average score of Perceived self-efficacy was 3.63, Perceived benefits of action was 3.25, Social support was 2.75, and Perceived barriers to action was 1.87 which was the lowest score. 3. The average score if the performance in Health-promoting Lifestyle variable was 2.45 which was lower than previous study. The sanitary life Was 3.18 which was the highest score, harmonious relationship 3.13, emotional support 2.90. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary life, whereas the one with the west degree was the health diet. 4. There were no significant difference in perceived benefits of action with individual's a character, but in Perceived bait his of action there were significant differences with age(p<.01), marital status(p<.05), housing(p<.05), and Perceived health status(p<.05). In Perceived self-efficacy, there were significant differences with educational level(p<05), sleeping hours(p<.05), and BMI(p<.05). In Social support here were significant difference with housing and sleeping hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 1997

Changes in disease patterns increase the importance of health-promoting lifestyles in a healthy society. Thus health education in elementary schools is very important because the knowledge of health and health habits in this period become a habitual part of life. The purpose of this study is to identify the performance in promoting healthy lifestyles of elementary school nurses. Such data helps to provide data to judge whether they are capable health educators or not. The subjects were 365 elementary school nurses selected by purposive sample. The data were collected by a self reporting questionnaire from August to October of 1996. The methods used in this study were the health-promoting lifestyle profile developed by Park In Sook (1995) and Licker's flour-point scale. A Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coffcient and stepwise multiple regression in the SAS package were used to analyze the data. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 37.7% of the sample were aged between 30 and 39 and 33.7% were between 40 and 49. 44.9% of the sample had attended college. 87.7% of the sample were married. 42.5% of the sample were people with a career of 11~20 years, and 26.0% of it had 21 years or more of working experience as an elementary school nurses. 2. The average scores of the family function and the social support were 2.97 and 2.98 respectively. 3. 86.5% of the sample were satisfied with their job. 4. 85.8% of the sample answered that they were healthy and 14.2% answered that they were unhealthy. The average scores of the internal health locus of control and self-esteem were 3.35 and 3.15 respectively. 5. The average score of performance in health-promoting lifestyle variables was 3.16; the average scores for harmonious relationships, regular diet professional health maintenance, sanitary life, self-control, emotional support, diet, rest and sleep, exercise and activity. self-achievement, and diet control were 3.47, 3.30, 2.52. 3.60, 2.92, 3.18, 3.14, 3.11, 2.96, 3.26 and 3.12. The variable with the highest degree of correlation was a sanitary life, whereas the one with the lowest degree was professional health maintenance. 6. A significant difference was found in self-esteem according to age. There was a significant difference in the average score of internal health locus of control according to age and career. 7. There were significant differences in the health-promoting lifestyle performance depending on age, career and monthly household income. The longer the career, the higher the health-promoting lifestyle performance. 8. A weak positive correlation was found between self-esteem and health-promoting lifestyles performance(r=0.417, p<0.001) Also, a weak positive correlation was found between the internal health locus of control and health-promoting lifestyles performance (r=0.386, p<0.001). 9. Heath-promoting lifestyle performance showed significant correlations with family function, social support and job satisfaction. 10. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor was the variance of family function. Social support, age, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived heath status and job satisfaction accounted for 55.9% of the variance in heath-promoting lifestyle performance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.279-301
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• 2004

Relations of factors associated with burnout were investigated among 124 child protective service workers currently working in Korean Child Abuse Prevention Centers nationwide. Three categories of factors associated with burnout were examined; (1) individual characteristics, (2) job-related characteristics, and (3) job-satisfaction. Social survey method using questionnaires by mail was employed. MBI(Maslach Burnout Inventory) for measuring burnout, a part of Smith, Kendal & Hulin's JDI(Job Description Index) for job-satisfaction, and a scale measuring the special characteristics of job developed by researchers were used. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to analyze the data. Across all burnout sub-scales(emotional depletion, dehumanization of clients, lack of feelings of achievement), subjects reported a high degree(above the cutting point) of burnout. Several factors were identified as associated with burnout. Child protective service workers who are young, single with front line worker status reported higher burnout. Lack of education and training before the job location were another factors which contributed to worker burnout. Lack of proper supervision stood out as another burnout provoking factor. Job-satisfaction was negatively correlated with all three burnout sub-scales, which meant the lower the job-satisfaction, the higher the burnout of service workers. The findings implicate that the administrators of Child Abuse Prevention Centers should pay close attention to their workers' sign of burnout and develop carefully designed support system which include provision of excellent supervision, proper education and training opportunities and organizational effort to strengthen employees' overall job-satisfaction to secure their quality of services toward abused children and their family.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.704-717
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• 2015

In modern fashion fabrics became an important element that leads the current of fashion beyond materials. Also, it has a creative role that reflects emotional and visual aspects, and it is considered as a mega trend that will lead the $21^{st}$ century fashion industry. The value of fashion products is affected not only by the style and design but also the sensuous properties like color, pattern, texture, and drape of fabrics. Therefore, in this study, characteristics of fabric trend between 2007 S/S and 2010 S/S will be analyzed focused on Premiere Vision, which influenced many Korean fashion trend information companies, while looking into the fabric trends shown in the world's top four collections-Paris, Milan, London, and New York-and Seoul collection, and comparing and analyzing the acceptance level of those. Fashion fabric is an important part in fashion design and change with social environment and value, its considered that the role and importance of subject matters increases in changing fashion design toward globalization by meeting various personality which is diversified more and more. It is to provide specific and practical data to be used for the Korean fashion industry, which can be used as useful information for future fabric researchers and people in the fashion industry for integrated study of fashion design and fashion fabric.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.141-155
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.107-121
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.