• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2022

Background: Inflammation is known to underlie the pathogenesis in neuropathic pain. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms involved in antinociceptive effects of co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced peripheral neuropathy in male Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8) treated with normal saline/acetaminophen/acetaminophen + L-carnosine. CCI was used to induce neuropathic pain in rats. Hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed using hotplate and von Frey tests, respectively. Investigation of spinal proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant system were carried out after twenty-one days of treatment. Results: The results showed that the co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine significantly (P < 0.001) increased the paw withdrawal threshold to thermal and mechanical stimuli in ligated rats compared to the ligated naïve group. There was a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer B cell inhibitor, calcium ion, interleukin-1-beta, and tumour necrotic factor-alpha in the spinal cord of the group coadministered with acetaminophen and L-carnosine compared to the ligated control group. Co-administration with acetaminophen and L-carnosine increased the antioxidant enzymatic activities and reduced the lipid peroxidation in the spinal cord. Conclusions: Co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine has anti-inflammatory effects as a mechanism that mediate its antinociceptive effects in CCI-induced peripheral neuropathy in Wistar rat.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.381-400
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• 2019

This study investigated how abuse and neglect experience by parents affect self-respect, relationship with teachers and variance of emotional problem. Also we verified whether self-respect and relationship with teachers mediates relation between abuse and neglect experience and variance of emotional problem. The results of this study are as follows. First, adolescents who experienced abuse and neglect appear to have emotional problems such as depression, social withdrawal, and somatic symptoms. Furthermore, youth who have abuse and neglect experience have difficulties in self-respect and relation with teachers. Second, self-respect and relationship with teachers have significant indirect effect on relation between abuse and neglect experience and variance of emotional problem. Third, although relation between abuse and neglect experience and relationship with teachers represent positive correlation, the regression coefficients in the direct path are significant in the opposite direction, resulting in a suppression effect. Finally, implications for interventions, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 1974

This study was made on patients who were Hospitalized due to sickness caused by the abuse of marihuana at the Psychiatric Section of a hospital during the period from Feb. to Oct., 1974. The following conclusion was obtained by reviewing the literature with respect to the nursing, and problem solving of those patients. 1. It appears that marihuana is a comparatively mild intoxicant in ordinary preparation without causing physical dependence or tolerance. 2. According to the status of men who are marihuana smokers, approximately 20% of them were college students, those preparing to retake college entrance examinations, non-employed and pharmacists. The men belong mostly to the middle foreigner′s mistress of higher, income bracket, and in the case of women, most of the smokers were US. servicemen entertainers. 3. Dynamic developmental factors: Case 1. : The patient had a characteristic, hysterical and emotionally unitable character, and was of low intelligence, In addition, to this already existing problem, the added uses of marihuana caused a mental illness to develope. Case 2 : The character, was reserved and introspective, her creative power and sentiment was fading and his ability of self-control was weakened. She used the smoking of marihuana to get rid of her own feeling of inferiority complex and tensions coming from interpersonal relationships. Case 3 : The patient was unconditionally resistive to the authoritativeness of superiors and irresponsible in his relationship with women, in his attitude concerning sex in general. He smoked marihuana because he felt become peace-loving and get enchanted experience through smoking it. 4. The points of issue appearing from the above case; (1) Movement of anti-social feelings against the "established system" by the youngsters. (2) Family problem. (3) Shamelessness, loss of motivation, disorderly attitude toward the sex, (4) Worries concerning the future. (5) Lack of knowledge concerning smoking of cigarette and marihuana. Chronic use of marihuana made, those youngman who had originally been ambitions to achieve something in life, lazy, inefficient, unable to make long-term plans, are such weak mined persons that they did not try to overcome problems when encountered. This will pose a great and important question in the mental health of the society, 5. Treatment and Problem sieving According to the literature, we will have to place importance upon hospitalized treatment The phases of treatment were divided into five parts. (1) Prehospital phase (2) Withdrawal Phase (3) Rehabilitation phase (4) Transitional phase (5) After-care phase The experiments have proved that there was much progress in the recovery of patients through environment therapy, supportive therapy and group psychotherapy. This was the above mentioned 5 phases of treating process in accordance with the weekly schedule of the hospital. It was thought that the patients would require prolonged after care management even after they were released from the hospital and that they will also require periodic visit, to the hospital and doctor′s interview with their family. In conclusion, the question of the young generation and marihuana smoking is becoming a great social problem in which their resistances to the "established system" and society is growing in the from of antiestablishment movements. In our country, the smoking of marihuana is gradually developing, therefore, I think, that it would be a very fortunate thing for us, if this report could be helpful for the motivation of further study on the questions of the young generation and its problems.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.243-257
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the dropout intentions of the dental technology students of a college. Methods: The subject of this study was 76 freshmen and 74 sophomores of dental technician major in an anonymous college. Results from the questionnaire called K-vision diagnosis program were computed by means of t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: 1. Total points of the drop out intention came to 782.14 points. Of the five categories concerned with the drop out intention, complain in college satisfaction(50.12points) was the highest and department satisfaction(47.51points) was the lowest. Of 16 subcategories, complaining in administrative supporting system proved the highest as 50.80 points and Inquiry to Professor the lowest(45.56 points). 2. Among the general characteristic gender (p<. 01), student group (p<.01), and credit (p<.05) made a meaningful statistical difference; no statistical significance was found in grade, admission, and dwellings. 3. Of the five categories, statistical significance was shown as follows; Department satisfaction (p<.01), College satisfaction (p<.05) under gender, Department satisfaction (p<.05) in grade, Academic integration (p<.01), Department satisfaction (p<.01) in credit. No statistical meaning was found in admission and dwellings. 4. Statistical significance was found under 16 subcategories as follows: Career identification(p<.01), Academic support system(p<.01), Social activity II(p<.05) in gender area, Inquiry to professor(p<.01), Learning(p<.05), Understanding learning I(p<.05) in grade area, Learning(p<.001), Career identification(p<.001), Understanding learning I(p<.01), Understanding learning II(p<.01), Inquiry to professor (p<.01), Learning ability (p<.05), Occupation (p<.05), Social Activity II(p<.05), Administrative support system (p<.05) in student group area, Credit (p<.001), Career identification (p<.01), Understanding learning I(p<.05) in credit area; admission and dwellings was statistically meaningless. 5. Of the 5 categories academic integration (r=.766) was most relevant to the dropout intention of the subjects and followed by department satisfaction (r=.735), college satisfaction (r=.554), service acceptability (r=.373), and statistical significance was shown as p<.01. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, we are in a pressing need for the introduction of policies and programmes aiming at preventing the dropout rates of the dental technician majors at college. In tandem with this, qualitative and viable human resource management of the dental technicians should be implemented.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate reliability and validity of premenstrual assessment form(PAF). PAF was administered to 230 high school students who had reported premenstrual changes. PAF revealed considerable diversity in premenstrual symtom changes of the subjects. The items with most frequent reported premenstrual changes were 21 items out of 95. Cronbach's internal consistency was .95, and test-retest reliability was .80. Validity test was performed by constructional validation analysis. 8 factors(impulsive & unstable factor, depressive factor, withdrawal & social functioning impairment factor, anxiety & cognitive dysfunction factor, physiological factor, general discomfort factor, increased well-being factor, other factor) emerged at factor analysis. Each of them accounted for 33.97, 5.10, 3.70, 2.93, 2.64, 2.46, 2.12, 2.03 of total variance respectively. High school students experienced impulsive & unstable features of premenstrual symptoms more frequently. This study suggests PAF can be a reliable and valid tool as a initial screening and evaluation of premenstrual changes. finally, factor analysis result was compared with PAF typological categories.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-93
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• 1988

This study was planned and carried out to investigate the correlation between premenstrual syndrome and personality in order to provide informations basic to the prevention, alleviation, and care for the premenstrual syndrome. Data on premenstrual syndrome were gatherd from October 20 to 25, 1986 by questionnaire modified by the researcher based on Endicott's Premenstrual Assessment Form. Reliability of the instrument was tested by Cronbach's $\alpha$. Data on personality were gathered in March, 1986, by the high school autorities by standardized Personality Inventory Scale developed by Eung Yun Hwang were used. Subjects numbered 457, 95.2% of the first grade students of H. Girls High School located in Seoul. The correlation and difference between personality traits and premenstrual syndrome analysed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and difference between groups were analysed by the t-test. Personality traits influencing premenstrual syndromal categories were analysed by the multiple regression. The results are as follows : I. The five highist categories of premenstrual syndrome among 18 categories revealed to be Social withdrawal, General discomfort, Lability, Fatigue and Hostility / Anger in rank order. II. Personality traits and Premenstrual syndrome ; 1. Tendency of Psychoneuroses(r＝0.43, p＜.001), psychoses(r＝.39, p＜.001) and anti-social behaviors (r＝0.43, p＜.001) revealed to be significantly correlated to premenstrual syndrome. Hypothesis 1 is accepted. 2. Emotional stability(r＝ -0.38, p＜.001), reflectiveness (r＝ -0.14, p＜.01), masculinity (r＝ -0.10, p＜05) and antonomy (r＝ -0.12, p＜.05) revealed significant correlation, While activity, dominance, sociability and achivement revealed no significant correlation. Hypothesis 2 is partially accepted. III. Significant models of personality traits influencing the premenstrual syndromal categories are ; 1. 5 personality traits : tendency of psychoneuroses, emotional stability, dominance, activity and autonomy revealed to influence Low mood / loss of pleasure significantly. ($R^2$＝.19) 2. 3 personality traits ; tendency of psychoneuroses, emotional stability and sociability revealed to influence Lability significantly. ($R^2$＝.15) 3. 5 personality traits ; tendency of psychoneuroses, activity, emotional stability, sociability and achievement revealed to influence Anxiety significantly.($R^2$＝.18) 4. 3 personality traits : tendency of psychoneuroses, emotional stability and sociability revealed to influence Miscellaneous mood / behavior changes significantly.($R^2$＝.18) 5. 3 personality traits : tendency of psychoneuroses, psychoses and reflectiveness revealed to influence Hysteroid features significantly.($R^2$＝.16) IV. No significant correlation between irregularity of menstruation and premenstrual syndrome was revealed. No significant difference between group of dysmenorrhea and group of non-dysmenorrhea in premenstrual syndrome was revealed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.5-30
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• 2014

This study sought to identify developmental trajectories of bullying victimization from late elementary school through early high school, and to examine internalizing and externalizing problem outcomes associated with the trajectory group membership. Data from Seoul Panel Study of Children were collected annually over a 7-year period from 5th grade of elementary school through 2nd grade of high school (2005~2011). Latent class growth analysis yield three trajectory classes corresponding to stable low (81.2%), stable high (3.5%), and declining bullying victimization (15.6%). Findings from analysis of covariance indicated that students in both stable high and declining trajectory groups reported significantly higher means in internalizing behavior (withdrawal, depression/anxiety, and suicide ideation), compared to those in the stable low group. For externalizing behavior such as aggression and juvenile status offense, students in the stable high group showed higher means, compared to those in the stable low and declining trajectory groups. Developmental pattern of bullying victimization over multiple development stages and associated internalizing and externalizing outcomes are discussed as are the implications for the bullying prevention.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.58
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• pp.67-96
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine psychological difficulties that elderly women experience in each divorce decision making stage and they are shown by counselling cases made with elderly women who got divorced in their early stage of elderly life. For this purpose, total 18 counseling cases were collected from November 2012 to March 2013 and a qualitative analysis was made accordingly. The result of this study was made by analyzing meaningful subjects emerged in individual testimonies during a counseling process and it shows that the decision to divorce goes through stages such as , , , , , and . In addition, psychological difficulties experienced in a divorce decision process appear to be, , , , , , and . It is meaningful that this study provides counseling strategies for psychosocial support of the elderly women who go through difficulties in their divorce decision making process.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2000

Objects：This study was designed for studying of current Korean adolescents computer game playing habits and exploring associations with parental rearing patterns and individual psychopathology. Methods：One hundred twenty four adolescents(age 13-15) who reside in urban area completed self-report questionnaires containing Questionnaires designed by authors, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision of Korean Version(SCL-90-R) and Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI). Results：1) Computer game playing appears to be one of the social and leisure phenomena in these days. Although Adolescents spend a lot of times on computer game, Many of them perceive not problematic. 2) Compared with females, Male play computer games more regularly, more longer, spent more times in gamebang. 3) There was positive relationship between anxiety subscale in SCL-90-R and detrimental effects of computer game. 4) There was positive relationship between game frequency and maternal overprotection. 5) The main reasons for playing are 'for an avoidance of stressful life events', academic burden was the most troublesome issues in korean adolescents. 6) Many adolescents use gamebang as a social place, but they thought that gamebang is not good places to have a good time. Conclusion：This papers shows that computer game playing is a popular social leisure activity in Korean adolescents. And, Most of korean adolescents reported that they are suffered from pressure of academic achievements. They use computer game mainly by means of relieving academic pressures. In a heavy game users who have many conflicts with parents, teacher and who has frequent truancy and social withdrawal show significant anxiety. Maternal overprotection was observed in heavy game users. Authors recommended that clinicians should be careful in examining heavy computer game behaviors. Both underlying affective states and environmental influences, including family situations should be vicariously examined.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.139-158
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• 1990

Heavy resposibility is placed on the veterinarian and the livestock and aquatic animal producers to observe the period for withdrawal of a drug prior to marketing to assure that illegal concentrations of drug residues in meat, milk, egg, fish and other animal foods do not occur. This is essential from a public health standpoint because levels of residues in excess of those legalIy permitted in edible tissues may produce injurious effects when consumed over a long time span. With greater use of animal drugs of chemicals required in production of food crops, livestock and aquatic animals, the possibility of human being continuously exposed to drug and chemical residues for a life time is unequivocally evident. Korean authorities concerned Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery and Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, have recenly made their own regulations to control chemical residues in beef, pork and chicken independently. Consequently, inspection for the chemical residues also have been or will be carried out by the two authorities concerned without any cooperations. It is undoubtfulI to have a single regulation and national residue program for control residual chemicals in animal foods and that the tolerance levels should be established in milk, egg, and freshwater fish. Besides, we have no complete standard methods to analyze the residual chemicals and the methods have not been evaluated their efficiency, precise, accuracy and limit of detection. In this paper, the analytical methods and national residue programs in foreign countries are introduced and discussed and the status of animal food safety in this country is also reviewed.