• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2016

The soil does not only serve as a medium for plant growth but also for engineering construction purposes. It is very weak in tension, very strong in compression and fails only by shearing. The behaviour of the soil under any form of loading and the interactions of the earth materials during and after any engineering construction work has a major influence on the success, economy and the safety of the work. Soils and their management have therefore become a broad social concern. A limitless variety of soil materials are encountered in both agronomy and engineering problems, varying from hard, dense, large pieces of rock through gravel, sand, silt and clay to organic deposits of soft compressible peat. All these materials may occur over a range of physical properties, such as water contents, texture, bulk density and strength of soils. Therefore, to deal properly with soils and soil materials in any case requires knowledge and understanding of these physical properties. The desired value of bulk density varies with the degree of stability required in construction. Bulk density is also used as an indicator of problems of root penetration,soil aeration and also water infiltration. This property is also used in foundation engineering problems. While not conforming to standard test procedures, this work attempts to add to the basic information on such important soil parameters as water content, bulk density.

• 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2016

소셜 네트워크나 바이오 네트워크는 인터랙션이 가능한 오브젝트들이 관계를 맺음으로써 형성되는 복잡 네트워크이다. 실세계에 존재하는 복잡 네트워크는 커뮤니티 구조로 구성되어 있으며, 이 커뮤니티 구조를 자동으로 발견하는 것은 그 네트워크를 제어하고 이해하는데 있어서 중요한 기술이다. 하지만 이런 네트워크들은 시간에 따라 오브젝트들의 인터랙션에 의해 그 네트워크의 구조와 위상이 불특정하게 변화한다. 이런 동적 네트워크에서 노드들 간에 인터랙션을 기반으로 한 커뮤니티 구조를 발견하는 것은 높은 시간 복잡도 연산이 요구되며, 반복된 계산을 비효율적으로 처리하는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 동적 네트워크에서 인터랙션 기반 커뮤니티 구조를 점진적으로 발견하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 이전 네트워크에서 변화한 요소들을 인지하고, 이전 커뮤니티 그룹 구조를 점진적으로 재활용함으로써 효율적인 커뮤니티 발견이 가능하다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.331-358
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• 2013

This paper looks into several aspects of linguistic behaviors attested in Korean and American English corpora. A special attention is paid to the areas of politeness phenomena, terms of address, power and solidarity, practice of flattery, and closely-related non-linguistic behaviors such as tipping and gift-giving conventions. An analysis of the data reveals that Korean society remains very much superior-oriented, non-egalitarian, non-democratic despite the pride and sense of accomplishment among the populace that the nation has achieved a satisfactory level of democracy. In particular, the following facts in Korean and the Korean society are exposed by an examination of the data: ${\bullet}$ There is a notional gap of positive politeness ${\bullet}$ Superiors enjoy an unfair advantage in the power and solidarity system ${\bullet}$ The terms of address system is set up to make a clear distinction between levels and the terms of address, in turn, dictate norms of expected behavior ${\bullet}$ The notion and practice of flattery heavily favors superiors ${\bullet}$ Non-linguistic acts of gift-giving and tipping are consistent with the examined social interactions As a result, all the benefits, emotional as well as material, are garnered by superiors. These facts may reflect the real Korea that people are used to being comfortable with, a pre-modern, feudalistic society, something akin to its kin in the north. We may proclaim that we aspire to a more democratic society. However, it appears Koreans, deep inside, may have been seeking a powerful dictator all along. These findings help provide a partial but insightful clue to the political puzzle: why Koreans grew uncomfortable with an egalitarian and democratic president and could not save him, but instead replaced him with a succession of a corrupted businessman and the authoritarian daughter of a former dictator. The flight to democracy has stalled in midair, not quite making the grade yet. There is plenty of linguistic evidence in Korean.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.81-104
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• 2012

This paper looks into the complexity of the comparative and conflictive elements portrayed on the novel Nada. Through the interpretation of the actions of the female characters, we can classify them into two different categories: pro-Franco and anti-Franco system. Thus, for example, the character Ena is an active, intellectual and liberal woman capable to manipulate and control men who lives at her own free will. This active and liberal personality is clearly not the favored type of woman under Franco, which prefers a society where men are the dominant figures. Another female character, Gloria, places herself far from the Catholicism based morality during the Franco period as she is having an affair with her husband's brother. We also find examples of the opposite, that is, affinity with Franco ideals, such as Angustias' decision to become a member of the convent, in line with the motto "Spain, united and great, through Catholicism"; the example of Ena's mother, nurturing six sons and daughters, also resonates with Franco ideology of a woman's role in the Spanish society, being mostly a reproductive instrument. One of the topics of this novel is the confrontation between the prewar petit bourgeoisie and the new postwar bourgeoisie. We can appreciate a big difference between the lifes of Andrea's family and Pons' family. Andrea has friendly relationships with friends from the new bourgeoisie; however, these interactions are not genuine, but superficial. Because of that, we also conclude that this novel reflects the underlying conflicts between different social strata. We also observe the conflicts and confrontations between republicans and nationalists in this society, through the relationships between two brothers, Juan y $Rom{\acute{a}}n$. During the civil war, Juan collaborates with the national faction, while $Rom{\acute{a}}n$ joins the republican faction. Consequently, they separate from each other due to their different ideologies. We will conclude that this novel also reflects on the idea that the Spanish civil war destroyed fraternity and separated families.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Soil moisture plays a critical role in hydrological processes, land-atmosphere interactions and climate variability. It can limit vegetation growth as well as infiltration of rainfall and therefore very important for agriculture sector and food protection. Recently, due to the increased damage from drought caused by climate change, there is a frequent occurrence of shortage of agricultural water, making it difficult to supply and manage stable agricultural water. Efficient water management is necessary to reduce drought damage, and soil moisture management is important in case of upland crops. In this study, soil moisture was calculated based on the water balance model, and the suitability of soil moisture data was verified through the application. The regional soil moisture was calculated based on the meteorological data collected by the meteorological station, and applied the Runs theory. We analyzed the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture and drought impacts, and analyzed the correlation between actual drought impacts and drought damage through correlation analysis of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The soil moisture steadily decreased and increased until the rainy season, while the drought size steadily increased and decreased until the rainy season. The regional magnitude of the drought was large in Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsang-do, and in winter, severe drought occurred in areas of Gangwon-do. As a result of comparative analysis with actual drought events, it was confirmed that there is a high correlation with SPI by each time scale drought events with a correlation coefficient.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2019

본 연구는 연변지역 조선족 가족으로 부모가 해외취업 중인 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구이다. 부모가 해외취업중인 청소년은 부모와의 장기적인 별거로 심리·정서적 어려움을 많이 경험하는 것으로 보고되고 있는데, 본 연구는 부모와의 장기 별거로 우울·불안을 경험하는 청소년의 학교적응을 살펴보고 우울·불안과 학교적응의 관계에서 자아정체감의 조절효과를 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해 연변지역 중·고등학교에 재학 중인 청소년 285명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 해외취업가정 청소년에 해당하는 총 167부의 설문지를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 자료는 SPSS 24.0을 이용하여 위계적 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 중국 연변지역 내 해외취업가정 청소년의 우울·불안은 학교적응에 부정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 우울·불안과 학교적응의 관계에서 자아정체감의 조절효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 결론에서는 이러한 연구결과를 통해 연변지역 내 해외취업가정 조선족 청소년의 우울·불안 수준을 줄이고, 자아정체감의 향상을 통해 학교적응을 높일 수 있는 실천적 대안들을 제시하였다.

• 대한의사협회지
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.724-731
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• 2018

Our faces can express a remarkable range of subtle emotions and silent messages. Because the face is so essential for complex social interactions that are part of our everyday lives, aesthetic repair and restoration of function are an important tasks that we must not take lightly. Soft-tissue defects occur in trauma patients and require thorough evaluation, planning, and surgical treatment to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes, while minimizing the risk of complications. Recognizing the full nature of the injury and developing a logical treatment plan help determine whether there will be future aesthetic or functional deformities. Proper classification of the wound enables appropriate treatment, and helps predict the postoperative appearance and function. Comprehensive care of trauma patients requires a diverse breadth of skills, beginning with an initial evaluation, followed by resuscitation. Traditionally, facial defects have been managed with closure or grafting, and prosthetic obturators. Sometimes, however, large defects cannot be closed using simple methods. Such cases, which involve exposure of critical structures, bone, joint spaces, and neurovascular structures, requires more complex treatment. We reviewed and classified causes of significant trauma resulting in facial injuries that were reconstructed by microsurgical techniques without simple sutures or coverage with partial flaps. A local flap is a good choice for reconstruction, but large defects are hard to cover with a local flap alone. Early microsurgical reconstruction of a large facial defect is an excellent choice for aesthetic and functional outcomes.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2011

본 논문은 미국의 경제변동이 일본경제에 어떻게 영향을 미쳤는가에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 미국경제가 일본경제에 다양한 영향을 미치고 있다는 것이 광범위하게 받아들여지고 있다. 실제로 미국은 일본의 수출입에 있어서 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 미국에서 발생된 경제변동이 일본경제에 어떻게 전달되는가를 인지하는 것이 경제정책가들에게는 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. VAR모형이 경제변동의 국제전달경로를 분석하는데 활용된다. 미일경제의 상호작용은 분산분해(VDCs)를 이용하여 분석된다. 본 논문의 분석결과 몇가지 경제적 시사점을 도출할 수 있다. 첫째는, 미국의 경제변동에 대한 일본 통화정책의 일부 의존성을 지적할 수 있다.미국의 경제변동은 일본 통화량과 이자율에 어느정도의 영향성을 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째는, 미국의 물가변동에 대한 일본 물가의 긍정적인 반응이다. 셋째는, 미국의 경제변동에 대한 엔/달러 환율의 반응성이다. 엔/달러 환율의 반응은 조사기간이 장기로 진행할수록 보다 강력하고 의미있게 나타났다. 결론적으로, 본 논문은 조사분석기간동안 미국의 경제변동이 일본경제에 중요한 영향을 미쳤음을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 상대적으로 규모가 큰 경제(미국)에 대한 규모가 작은 경제(일본)의 경제의존성에 대한 개념을 지지한다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2018

Purpose: Reminiscence therapy is a widely used intervention for older adults and those with dementia. However, the attributes of the concept of reminiscence is not clearly proposed. The aim of this study was to clarify the concept of reminiscence in Korean older adults with dementia. Methods: The study applied the concept analysis method of Walker and Avant. The literature review included the previous studies of reminiscence from philosophy, literature, art, neuroscience, medicine, psychology, sociology, and nursing. Results: A total of 43 Korean or international papers were analyzed in this study. Attributes of reminiscence in Korean older adults with dementia were regeneration of memories, internal and external communications, expression of suppressed emotions, and recognition of ego identity. The suppressed emotions and ego identity may result from Korean cultural characteristics based on the suppressed environments of many wars and dictatorships in the past. The consequences of reminiscence in Korean older adults with dementia are cognitive enhancement, relief of depression, and improvements of social interactions, ego integrity, and quality of life. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the historical and cultural characteristics should be considered to develop effective nursing interventions including reminiscence for Korean older adults with dementia.

• 기록학연구
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• 제57호
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• pp.5-33
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• 2018

기록은 그 속성이 주는 견고하고 사실적인 능력으로 인해 시각적 이미지를 통한 전시 프로그램에 주요 동원 매체가 되었다. 시각적으로 재현된 이미지는 그 메시지를 소비하는 집단이 개별적으로 수용하여 의미적 이미지로 발화된다. 본 연구는 기록이 사회적 생명력을 갖고 기록의 전시를 통해 돌아오는 것이며 이미지와의 작용을 통해 과거를, 기억을 '재매개'한다는 문제의식에서 출발했다. 기록의 활용 중 전시를 이용자 분석의 대상으로 삼은 이유는 전시가 기록을 선별, 배치하는 과정 속에서 그 기관의 정체성을 가장 분명하게 드러내 보일 수 있는 도구이자 매개체이기 때문이다. 이에 본 논문은 국가기록 중 특히 기억 갈등의 중심에 있는 "대통령" 기록 전시를 기억의 문화적 실천 관점에서 분석한 후 이용자들의 실제 전시 관람과 설문을 통해 어떻게 전시 의미를 수용하고 저항하는가에 대한 실증적 연구와 결과를 밝혔다.