• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

In the latter half of the Joseon(朝鮮) Dynasty, the medical world was encountering a great change. It is said that a large stream between the first half and the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty was a qualitative transition from official relationships to private relationships, that is, from adjustments by governmental power to contractual relationships between individuals. Doctors who can be said to be the core of the medical world became to be left in severer competition. The fact that the number of people engaged in medical practice increased to the extent that doctors had to compete with each other implies that not only demand for medical care was increasing but also that medical care was becoming social service that must be shared by all people in the Joseon Dynasty rather than by small numbers of men of power. Anyway, it seems like that, in the competition that was becoming fiercer, they tried to establish their authority in diverse methods unlike before. As an authority to determine the social positions of doctors in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty, the government was still occupying an important position, but doctors tried to show off their medical techniques utilizing excellent teachers or books. Meanwhile, they were making efforts to improve treating skills and thereby they were contributing to the development of medical techniques although they were sometimes criticised because of radical treatment or fierce drugs. In this process, it seems like that some doctors made efforts to establish the social meaning of medicine and their identity. In the short dialogue with Hong Yangho(洪良浩), Cho Gwangil(趙光一) was presenting the image of doctors as active and subjective beings. Pointing out the fact that in the society where feudal position systems were still impregnable, even the Confucian scholars who could be considered as a leading group could not but be passive in front of the sovereign power, he emphasized the fact that doctors could practice treatment as they liked. In that he re-discovered the meaning of treating people's diseases as a professional intellectual and that he was forming a subjective sense that medical techniques are active self expression, it can be carefully said that Cho Gwangil was obtaining his identity as a doctor. In the society in the Joseon Dynasty where the position systems were still valid and the value system under Neo-confucianism(性理學) supporting the system was impregnable, this change can be thought to be small yet quite meaningful.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the relationships of the several socioeconomic position indicators with the mortality risk in a representative longitudinal study of South Korea. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted on a cross-sectional probability sample of South Korean households, and it contained unique 13-digit personal identification numbers that were linked to the data on mortality from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Of 5,607 males and females, 264 died between 1999 and 2003. Cox's regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality. Results: Socioeconomic differences in mortality were observed after adjustments were made for gender and age. Compared with those people having college or higher education, those people without any formal education had a greater mortality risk (RR=2.21, 95% CI=1.12-4.40). The mortality risk among manual workers was significantly greater than that for the non-manual workers (RR=2.73, 95% CI=1.47-5.06). A non-standard employment status was also associated with an increase in mortality: temporary or daily workers had a greater mortality risk than did the full-time workers (RR=3.01, 95% CI=1.50-6.03). The mortality risk for the low occupational class was 3.06 times greater than that of the high and middle occupational classes (95% CI=1.75-5.36). In addition, graded mortality differences according to equivalized monthly household income were found. A reduction of monthly household income by 500 thousand Korean Won (about 400 US dollars) was related with a 20% excess risk of mortality. Self-reported poor living standards were also associated with an increased risk of mortality. Those without health insurance had a 3.63 times greater risk of mortality than the insured (95% CI=1.61-8.19). Conclusions: This study showed the socioeconomic differentials in mortality in a national longitudinal study of South Korea. The existence of socioeconomic mortality inequalities requires increased social discussion on social policies in Korean society. Furthermore, the mechanisms for the socioeconomic inequalities of mortality need to be explored in future studies.

• 한국아동복지학
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• 제54호
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• pp.145-172
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 가정외보호 청소년의 학교적응 발달궤적을 추적하고 그에 대한 예측요인으로 주양육자의 양육태도의 영향을 검증하는 것이다. 더 나아가 주양육자의 양육태도가 가정외보호 청소년의 학교적응에 미치는 영향에 성차가 존재하는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 전국 아동양육시설, 그룹홈, 가정위탁지원센터를 군집표집한 종단자료 중 중학교 1학년~3학년까지 341명의 3차년도 자료를 활용한 잠재성장모형과 다집단분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 가정외보호 청소년의 학교적응이 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가하는 추세를 보였으며, 주양육자의 긍정적 양육태도는 학교적응의 초기치와 변화율에, 부정적 양육태도는 학교적응의 초기치에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주양육자의 긍정적 양육태도에 따라 남학생과 여학생의 학교적응 초기값에 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 가정외보호 청소년의 학교적응 향상을 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.321-335
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• 2020

본고는 4차 산업의 발전과 함께 빅데이터, 정보통신기술, 사물인터넷, 사물통신, 인공지능 등을 활용하여 도시경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 방안으로 스마트시티에 대한 관심과 욕구가 점점 증대하고 관련기술도 발전하고 있는 상황에서 스마트웰페어시티에 관한 구상을 전제로 어떠한 방법을 통해 이러한 목표를 달성할 것인가, 다시 말해서 최소한 보건·의료·복지 등 돌봄영역에서의 스마트웰페어시티를 구상하고 그것이 실현가능한지에 대해 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 인식에서 본고에서는 종래부터 논의되어 왔던 스마트시티의 개념과 영역 및 현재까지의 논의와 사회보장·사회복지에의 접목에 관한 문제나 한계 등에 대해 살펴보고, 이를 기초로 스마트웰페어시티의 개념을 도출하고자 하였다. 그리고 그 실현을 위한 방안으로서의 사회보장플랫폼의 요소와 특성을 파악하고 스마트시티 중 특히 돌봄영역을 중심으로 그 적용가능성에 대해 살펴보았다. 나아가 정책적·제도적 개선방안으로서 표준화, 개인정보 및 공공데이터의 활용, 사회보장정보시스템을 중심으로 하는 제도적 개선방안에 대해 논의를 전개하였다. 이러한 논의는 우리 사회가 지향하고자 하는 디지털 기반의 커뮤니티 케어, 나아가 스마트웰페어시티를 구현하는데 나름의 중요한 의미를 부여하는 것이라고 판단된다. 특히 본고의 특성상 행동설계 및 7하 원칙 등을 기반으로 하는 사회보장플랫폼에 대해서는 스마트시티 중 보건·의료·복지분야에 한정하여 다루었다는 점을 감안할 때 이 외의 다른 영역에도 미칠 영향에 대해서는 또 다른 측면에서의 연구가 필요하며, 여기에 다양한 방면에서의 기술 등의 접목과 활용, 그리고 이에 따라 우리 사회에 미칠 영향이나 변화의 정도 등에 대해서도 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본고에서 다루고 있는 내용들이 스마트시티 뿐 아니라 사회보장·사회복지체계 등에 관한 방향과 흐름, 미래상을 제시하고, 이를 기반으로 분야별·영역별 보완과 정비를 통해 삶의 질 향상이라는 취지와 목표를 실현하는데 조금이나마 기여할 수 있기를 기대해 본다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.2179-2188
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 임부의 스트레스, 부부친밀도, 가족지지 및 피로 정도를 파악하고, 임신 중 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인함으로써 향후 임신으로 인한 신체적, 정신적 변화에 따른 적응을 돕는 간호중재프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구에 참여한 임부 185명의 부부친밀도와 가족지지 및 스트레스 정도는 각각 3.17점(점수범위 1~4), 4.97점(점수범위 1~6), 2.80점(점수범위 1~5)으로 중간이상의 점수를, 피로 정도는 3.01점(점수범위 1~4)으로 다소 높았다. 임부 스트레스 정도는 산과력, 임신 중 신체적, 심리적 변화에의 적응 정도, 태교 등 산전 정보의 출처에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 임부의 스트레스는 부부친밀도 및 가족 지지와는 부적 상관관계를, 피로와는 정적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 임부의 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인은 가족지지, 피로, 임신으로 인한 신체적, 정신적 변화에의 적응도 및 모유수유 경험 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 임부를 위한 스트레스관리프로그램은 임신으로 인한 신체적, 정신적 변화에 따른 적응을 도울 수 있도록 개발되어야 하며, 가족 지지를 촉진할 수 있는 프로그램 요소를 포함할 때 더욱 효과적일 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1854-1868
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• 2018

A wireless body-sensor network (WBSN) refers to a network-configured environment in which sensors are placed on both the inside and outside of the human body. The sensors are much smaller and the energy is more constrained when compared to traditional wireless sensor network (WSN) environments. The critical nature of the energy-constraint issue in WBSN environments has led to numerous studies on the reduction of energy consumption of WBSN sensors. The transmission-power-control (TPC) technique adjusts the transmission-power level (TPL) of sensors in the WBSN and reduces the energy consumption that occurs during communications. To elaborate, when transmission sensors and reception sensors are placed in various parts of the human body, the transmission sensors regularly send sensor data to the reception sensors. As the reception sensors receive data from the transmission sensors, real-time measurements of the received signal-strength indication (RSSI), which is the value that indicates the channel status, are taken to determine the TPL that suits the current-channel status. This TPL information is then sent back to the transmission sensors. The transmission sensors adjust their current TPL based on the TPL that they receive from the reception sensors. The initial TPC algorithm made linear or binary adjustments using only the information of the current-channel status. However, because various data in the WBSN environment can be utilized to create a more efficient TPC algorithm, many different types of TPC algorithms that combine human movements or fuse TPC with other algorithms have emerged. This paper defines and discusses the design and development process of an efficient TPC algorithm for WBSNs. We will describe the WBSN characteristics, model, and closed-loop mechanism, followed by an examination of recent TPC studies.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.479-496
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• 2004

본 연구는 이집트의 농업발달을 사회 및 정치적인 변화와 관련하여 고찰하고, 오늘날 농업의 공간적 분포를 주요 작물 및 지역별로 설명하고자 하였다. 또한 이 지역에서 농업용 토지개발의 과정과 영농의 주체를 살펴보았다. 이집트 농업은 국제무역 관계에서 발전하였고, 특히 목화 및 사탕수수와 같은 작물은 국가의 전략적 작물로서 보호 및 관리되었다. 토지소유와 같은 문제는 주요 시대별 정치환경에 의해서 뚜렷이 대조가 되지만, 전략적 작물에 대한 국가의 관리는 어느 정도의 차이는 있으나 비교적 일관되게 유지되었다. 1990년대 이후 국가 경제의 자유화 정책과 맞물려 농업에서도 그 영향이 반영되어 작물의 경작과 토지 개간 사업의 개방에 뚜렷이 나타나고 있다. 농업의 공간적 및 영농의 성격은 델타, 중 이집트 및 상 이집트(Middle and Upper Egypt), 사막지역으로 나누어 파악하였다. 아울러 1950년대 이후 이집트의 경제 및 사회문제를 해결하기 위한 국가적 사업인 토지 개간의 발전과 개간된 토지에 대한 영농 주체의 성격을 고찰하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2008

When Korea opened its ports and underwent Japanese colonization, many Japanese style houses were built in Korea. Following Korea's independence from Japan, Koreans began to reside in these houses. The objective of this study is to examine the current state of Japanese style residence areas and Japanese style houses in Korea, and to determine the change in the characteristics of dining kitchens that have taken place since Koreans have lived in them. In the process, while assimilation occurred, there was also a conflict between the residential lifestyles of the two cultures, developing into a state where two housing cultures co-existed. The dining kitchens showed the most sensitive adjustments to social changes, facilitating a number of important changes in the process of modernizing houses. In this regard, the intention is to determine how the dining kitchens responded to other areas within the house as they were being transformed. Research for this study is based on previous studies that were carried out in 1991 on Japanese style houses, in order to clearly define the process of change chronologically rather than from a single examination. In consequently, From the process of changes where from a conventional kitchen to DK anger, 1) The public space - wooden floor, living room, etc - had been formed in house spaces. 2) In the lifestyle, privacy secured. It was separated each functional spaces that greeting space for guests and family's space in the lifestyle. 3) The cause of variation could be summarized that differences of living style, a change of life and fuel.

• 대한간호
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.83-93
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• 1989

This study analysed marital comflicts, related factors, and adjustments to those conflicts described by urban Korean women. The purpose was to discover directions for resolution that would enhance the helpfulness of volunteers or prfessionals working with women in counselling settings. The investigator interviewed 20 married women, all mothers and housewives living in Seoul, attending marriage encounter programs and the Lifeline telephone counselling service. An interview schedule using six open-ended questiona guided the data colleciton which took place between May 31 and December 29, 1988. Content analysis of the data revealed, in order of reported frequency, the following areas of conflict: relationships between husband wife, relationships with children, relationships between the wife and her mother-in-Law, unsatisfied sexual needs, the husband's extra marital relationships, lack of self actualization and finacial matters. Analysis of the data suggested the following factors were related to the conflicts: reasons for marriage, traditional views about marriage and divorce including to accept a marriage arranged by the parents, the husband's traditonal attitude toward the sex role of the wife, the husband's patriarchical authoritarianism, and his attitude toward the wife;s empolyment outside the home. The women thought these conflicts severely affected their relationships within the famaily, particularly with their children. Literature suggests links with such poor parent-child-family relationships and adolescent or young people's social problems. Volunteers or professionals working with married women in counselling situation need to be conscious of the possibility of these conflict during assessment, and direct their guidance toward such conflict resolution. The researcher makes several suggestions which include the need for the husband to give emotional supports to his wife, to recognize the worth of housework, to share the work of the home, to fine ways to enhance the wife's self-actualization and to ease dreary housework routines by prviding modern appliances.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2022

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study quantitatively analysed the associations between open communication regarding sexuality and sexual health, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and non-stigmatising attitudes in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The analysis included unmarried men and women aged 15-25 years old. Comprehensive HIV knowledge and a stigmatising attitude were defined according to the IDHS 2017. Open communication about sexuality and sexual health was defined as the number of people with whom participants could openly discuss these topics in their direct network of friends, family, and service providers, with a scale ranging from 0 to a maximum of 7. Primary analysis used binomial logistic regression with weighting adjustments. Results: The final analysis included 22 864 respondents. Twenty-two percent of youth had no one in their direct network with whom to openly discuss sexual matters, only 14.1% had comprehensive HIV knowledge, and 85.9% showed stigmatising attitudes. Youth mostly discussed sex with their friends (55.2%), and were less likely to discuss it with family members, showing a predominant pattern of peer-to-peer communication. Multivariate analysis showed that having a larger network for communication about sexuality and sexual health was associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions: Having more opportunities for open sex communication in one's direct social network is associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes.