• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.45
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• pp.72-100
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• 2001

Despite the rapid expansion of social security coverage in the 1990s, many wage earners in Korea, especially the majority of the nonstandard workforce are excluded in the social insurance programs. In this regards, the purpose of this paper is to analyze causes of the exclusion of nonstandard workers to the social insurance scheme and to suggest the feasible policy options. Through this paper, four arguments are addressed as follows. First, the main issue for exclusion from coverage of those workers is that they have no entitlement to social insurance. This is not an issue of that they fall below hours or income thresholds for the entitlement Second, the top-down process of the extension in the Korean social insurances have divided the wage earners into two groups, the insider (the included) and the outsider (the excluded). Many nonstandard workers belong to the latter category. Third, the social insurance systems have been designed for the regular workers who were characterized by a full-time with some degree of stability. Reform designed to cope with the growth of nonstandard workers must build on the existing structure of social insurance. Finally, the governance capacity by social security administration body must be improved in order to provide a basic social protection for those workers. For that, four separated social insurance administration bodies could be unified to one administrative body, or tax and contribution of social insurance could be collected by one integrated administration body, the National Tax Service.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.311-336
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• 2003

This paper purports to explain the conflicts and compromises between supra-national authority and national welfare state in an era of globalization. For this purpose this paper, first of all, examines if Community law(EU) is directly applicable to member states(direct applicability), and subsequently, if Community law is superior to national law(supremacy). It duly claims that Community law is de facto applicable to member states and thus is superior to national law, but de jure the direct applicability and supremacy of Community law are still ambiguous in practice. Secondly, it briefly describes the development of EU social policy from 'The Rome Treaty(1957)' to 'The Amsterdam Treaty(1997)', and ascertains clear limitations of social dimension of EU. Thirdly, it explains why CEU(Commission of European Union) sequently fails to achieve uniform harmonization policy in the making of social Europe. This paper concludes that 'downward harmonization thesis' or 'convergence thesis' which commonly stresses that globalization seriously impinges on nation-state's policy autonomy and policy capacity is not evidenced at least in the case of EU social policy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.953-975
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• 1999

The purpose of this document is to provide the direction of the policy for welfare of the elderly, by identifying the problems and status of the welfare service for the elderly. The primary source of degrading the living standard of the elderly is the increase of the elderly population and life longevity. The Welfare service for the elderly to enhance the poor living level of the elderly population should be established, to compensate their former economic and social contribution in the society and also to promote the basic human right. The agenda to achieve this goal sums up like these : First, the basic living of the unhealthy elderly belonging to the low-income group, such as government-provided income and medical service should be provided. Second, for those with working ability, more opportunity for working and social activities should be given, focusing on expanding the employment rather than adding income. Third, for those with middle and high income, silver industry and pastime activities should be nurtured. Lastly, rather than institutional protection for the elderly, the welfare service for those staying home should be enforced, thus naturally leading to the family support for the elderly. There cannot be a sound policy for welfare and improvement of living standard ignoring the Well-being of the elderly population. The effort to better the welfare for the minority groups who compose the base of the social base will, eventually, result in the progress of the entire society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.93-121
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to reveal development processes of mothers with disabled children as active human agents utilizing social welfare institutions. Many social welfare studies have generally described welfare service users as passive subjects alienated from welfare information and subordinate to dominant welfare system. However, this investigation indicates that they do not merely remain as passive policy targets. They also perform as active actors who seek for useful information, strategically acquire profits in the given system despite institutional constraints, and create new welfare institutions. Through in-depth interviews with 11 mothers of disabled children with brain lesions, this study has derived a grounded theory on the mothers' maturation processes in interaction with social welfare institutions, which consist 6 stages(entering, awakening, exploring, struggling, resigning and utilizing period). This substantive analysis on the survival processes of mothers with disabled children in the social welfare system provides empirical knowledge and evidence about relationship between the structure and agents. It also suggests a practical policy proposal for disabled people and their families based on these stages.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.295-312
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• 2006

The use of the national pension funds to welfare has been criticized due to its low profitability, with concern about financial instability and the lack of funds. Despite the small amount of the funds employed to the welfare, therefore, it has been decreasing so far. It is resulted from the fact that the use of funds to the welfare sector failed to provide its valid reasons, and take the policy direction firmly. There are three main logical reasons for the welfare investment of national pension funds: Firstly, no state is capable to take the full responsibility for the entire social welfare, and therefore, the funds can be used for social welfare. Secondly, the funded system, contrasted with the case of pay-as-you-go system, has inevitably caused discriminations to the present elderly through excluding them institutionally from pension participation. At last, so as to its selective system, the minimum contribution period of 10 years brings about the equity problem between the people who can afford it and the people who hardly can. Therefore, investing a proportion of funds to the welfare is entirely reasonable in that it can alleviate the discriminations to the present elderly generation and the marginal participants, rather than to meet their social welfare needs. With regard to the policy decision, the profitability of the investment, and the choice of the welfare work, on the other hand, the policy direction should be given a sufficient consideration of a various policy factors such as the necessity of social consensus, independence of the welfare work in relations with other national welfare work, policy identity to judge whether the work is worth long-run or short-run, and the reliance of direct-operated work and indirect-operated work. As a result of all these efforts above mentioned, an investment to the welfare of the national pension funds could be vitalized, and gain public confidence.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.31-65
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• 2012

We study the sustainability of the current fiscal policy of Korea, and the effects of the social welfare policy expansion, which has been recently discussed among the political circles, on the government budget and the generational equity, using generational accounting. We follow the generational accounting approach, considering the fact that most of the social welfare policies are the entitlement programs, which imposes the limitation of the policy maker's discretion to control the cost of their provision. The social welfare expenditure will change due to the change in the policy environments of the future, such as population aging. Therefore, we need to take into account the government cash flow of the future as well as of the present to investigate its effects on the fiscal sustainability, which implies that the national debt or the budget balance is not a proper index for the investigation. Our findings are as follows. The current fiscal policies are not sustainable, and the long-term budgetary imbalance is shown very serious. The required tax adjustment, which is defined as the percentage change of tax burden required to attain the long-term budgetary balance, is very large. Unless the level of the government expenditure is properly controlled, the tax burden and the social contribution level will rise to the untolerable level. Moreover, the expansion of the social welfare policies, which has been discussed among the political circles, will substantially increase the fiscal burden of the future generations. Even though the provision of the free lunch to the primary and the secondary school students, the free child care, and the discounted college tuition do not increase the fiscal burden much, because their magnitude at present is not large and will decrease due to the decrease in the number of the newborns and the students resulting from the fall in the fertility rate, that of the free health care service will increase tax burden of the future generations very much, because the magnitude of the government expenditure needed at present is very large and the population aging will further increase the magnitude of the health care expenditure. The findings indicate that the structural reforms, to prevent the explosive increase in the social welfare expenditure in the future, are necessary before the implementation of the welfare policy expansion. In particular, the cost control of the social transfers to the elderly needs to be made, because the speed of the population aging of Korea is among the highest in the world. The findings also indicate that the budget balance or the national debt can cause the fiscal illusion, which makes the Korean government budget look sound, even though the fiscal policy will rapidly increase the social welfare expenditure in the future, as the population ages. The generational accounting, which takes into account the cash flow of the future as well as of the present, unlike the budgetary balance and the national debt, which shows the results of the government financial activities of the past and the present, is a useful method to overcome the fiscal illusion.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aims to develop a community care model in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) by developing a community care participation model for the health of the elderly and deriving tasks to implement it. Methods: This study implemented a group interview with experts. A fact-finding survey was conducted targeting 16 local governments that are implementing a leading project to identify the status of TKM service provision and welfare service linkage in all regions. An expert group interview (FGI) targeted public and private sector experts for each job role, the former represented by those in charge of the central government's health care policy and administrative delivery system, and the latter by professors majoring in social welfare, professors majoring in health, and local TKM societies. After forming the expert groups, three expert group interviews were conducted. Results: Through collective interviews with experts, a model for providing TKM and welfare services in community integrated care was derived by dividing it into local and central government levels. The strategies and tasks for promoting TKM-oriented health welfare services were derived from 3 strategies, 8 tasks, and 20 detailed tasks. Conclusion: The core direction of the TKM health care model is the region-centered provision of TKM and welfare services. To this end, policy support for the use and linkage of health care service resources is required at the central government level, and linkage and provision of health welfare services centered on TKM are necessary through linkage and convergence between service subjects and between government health care projects.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.5-33
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• 2005

In order to examine the causes of the social policy changes in Korea during the late of 1990s, this study tries to compare the social policy decision-making structure between Kim Yong-Sam Government and Kim Dae-Jung Government. This study applies policy network analysis method which measures the relation and power structures of policy actors and as a result shows the characteristics of the policy making structure. Analysing the 6 policy domains and 52 policy events, this study finds that the importance and location of veto points which were created by the social policy decision processes have changed. In Korea, social policy decision processes have been produced power structures in which Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Board have played a decisive role. In result, these executives can have controlled policy making processes and had veto power, i. e. veto points in policy decision-making structure. But, during Kim Dae-Jung government, accountability issues of financial crisis and reorganization of ministries have changed the importance and location of veto points. Pro-welfare groups of civil society got a chance to penetrate policy decision-making structure during that time. This study argues that these changes of policy decision-making structure may be associated with the social policy changes in Korea during the late of 1990s.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.226-269
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to investigate the process of development of social work and divide it historically during the Korean Modern Times. At first, I investigated this period's "societal" situation (political, economical, social situation) which is closely related to social work and made a historical division. And I wrote down the social welfare policy and social services concretely and I interpreted this period's historical meaning. At the end of the Cho-Sun dynasty, although a modern social work movement had come about naturally in the Korean peninsula, it was nearly destroyed by the Japanese aggression. However, it could have expanded consistently and come to maturity because of a national self-awakening and peoples' vigorous participation after the 3 1 national movement. But unfortunately, as the social work come to be exploited by the Japanese Imperialist powers, it lost its purity its essential purpose and was changed. After World War II, no one was made to take responsibility for those historical facts, and under the name of Social Welfare many ordinary citizens became scapegoats, and passed silently over to the period of American military occupation which was another time of transition in the Korean peninsula. There have been few studies undertaken concerning social welfare during the Japanese occupation. These studies will help to indicate what influence the Japanese had on the development of Korean social welfare after the Japanese occupation. I anticipate many studies on this subject will follow.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.133-140
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• 2015

In this paper, I propose some policy and theoretical implications by analyzing moderating effects of volunteering activity in the causal relationships between social welfare major choice and their job choice. For the purpose of the goal of this study, I surveyed 242 university students in 2~4 grades majoring social welfare in Gwangju and South and North Jeolla Province. Analysis results showed that the personal motive on choosing a major affects the occupational aptitude & interests and economic feasibility of career when they choose their jobs. However, the social motive didn't affect the occupational aptitude & interests and economic feasibility of career. It means that they didn't choose their majors considering their aptitude & interests, but chose them by following the advice of the surrounding people. Also, moderating effects of volunteering activity was not significant, which means that volunteering period and schedules are too short and tend to be operated as a mere formality. This study suggests the policy implications so that they have the correct major selection and career options based on the analysis results.