• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 2000

This study investigated the development of infant behaviors and maternal scaffolding in mother-infant games. Subjects were 60 mothers and their 9-, 12-, 15- and 18-month infants, 15 dyads in each age group. Mother-infant interaction was videotaped in the laboratory as they played peek-a-boo and a ball game in 2 sessions. Infant game behaviors were classified by the Rome-Flanders, Cossette, Ricard and $D{\acute{e}}carie$(1995) list, and maternal game behaviors were classified by the Hodapp, Goldfield & Boyatzis(1984) list. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, sequential analysis and Z test as well as qualitative analysis. Results showed that infants played an increasingly active role with age. Infants mastered the ball game at earlier age than peek-a-boo. Mothers scaffolded infant behaviors in various ways. The amount of maternal game behavior varied by type of game.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2024

Firms often engage in manipulating online reviews as a promotional activity to influence consumers' evaluation on their products. With the prevalence of the promotional activities, consumers may notice and discount the reviews generated by the promotional activities. Discounting the firm-generating reviews may cause systematic measurement errors in the valence variable and lead to a negative bias when estimating the effect of consumers' organic reviews on demand. To correct the bias, this study proposes including product-specific bias-correction terms representing the proportion of extreme reviews in analysis. For illustration, the proposed method is applied to a demand model for data of movies released in South Korea. The results confirm a negative bias in the estimate of the valence sensitivity of demand. The negative bias potentially leads to an underestimation of the magnitude of the contagion effect through social interactions, a key component of evaluating the value of a satisfied consumer.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.84-105
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• 2016

The instability of social norms on the Internet causes the diversity of social identification. Meanwhile, the anonymity of online social identity and the chaos of the role-playing among the interacting participants cause an ambiguity of identity recognition, which intensifies anxiety about interpersonal interaction. Methods that promote face-to-face interpersonal interaction through the reconstruction of the identification to the social system and intergroup trust is worth further research. Based on a telephone survey of urban residents in thirty-six cities in China (N=1080), the study focuses on the influence of Internet use on interpersonal interaction of urban residents and the mediation effect of social identification. The results show that Internet use has a negative effect on the interpersonal interactions of urban residents, and social identification plays a mediating effect between Internet use and interpersonal interaction. Implications of the results are discussed.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2018

With the exponential developments of social network, their fundamental role as a medium to spread information, ideas, and influence has gained importance. It can be expressed by the relationships and interactions within a group of individuals. Therefore, some models and researches from various domains have been in response to the influence maximization problem for the effects of "word of mouth" of new products. For example, in reality, more than two related social groups such as commercial companies and service providers exist within the same market issue. Under such a scenario, they called social adversaries competitively try to occupy their market influence against each other. To address the influence maximization (IM) problem between them, we propose a novel IM problem for social adversarial players (IM-SA) which are exploiting the social network attributes to infer the unknown adversary's network configuration. We sophisticatedly define mathematical closed form to demonstrate that the proposed scheme can have a near-optimal solution for a player.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.311-329
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• 2015

This study examined the influences of children's playfulness and teacher-child interactions on their peer interactions, and investigated whether teacher-child interactions had any moderating effects upon the relation between child playfulness and peer interactions. The participants of this study were 240 children in fourth year classes in child care centers in Seoul and Gyoung-gi province and 24 of their teachers. In order to measure the research variables, the Korean version of PIPPS(Pen Interaction Peer Play Scale) by Choi and Shin(2008), the Children's Playfulness Scale(Barnett, 1991), and the modified version of the Caregiver Interaction Scale(Arnett, 1989) were used. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statics, Pearson's correlations, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicated that children's playfulness and teacher-child interactions had significant effects on their peer interactions. Especially, the teacher-child interactions were related to the play disruption and the play disconnection of peer interactions. In addition, teacher-child interactions moderated the effect of children's social spontaneity(children's playfulness) on their play disconnection(peer interactions). The results have some implications for the role of teacher-child interactions in peer play interactions and a range of prevention efforts.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

Purpose - Social commerce is a certain way of how people buy some products together with others through the internet sites with mutual interactions among customers with the benefits of SNS when buying some products. At present, China market has some problems due to its rapid growing. However, empirical research or academic approach to social commerce has not been made enough. So, it is important for Chinese social market to develop and enlarge the customers with stability under the reliability and satisfaction. Also it is important for them to have repurchase intention. Nowadays, it is necessary to find the factors on customer satisfaction and trust, whereas consumers' dissatisfaction and unreliability are increasing on social commerce recently. In addition, researches on social commerce have been actively pursued by a variety of domestic and foreign scholars. However, researches on social commerce and Chinese market are short of, and they have some limitations because of the rapid growth of the market even though it is the early stage. The current situation requires researches on consumers' repurchase intention for continuing growth in the future according to the growth of Chinese social commerce. Research design, data, and methodology - The literature and the empirical studies are combined in order to achieve the purpose of the study. Deriving social commerce features and consumer properties as factors affecting the repurchase intention through the literature, and these factors have modeled a series of assumptions about the impact on satisfaction and trust, and have established hypotheses to verify them. The survey which is conducted to test the hypothesis and questionnaires are derived based on the variables discussed in the previous study. Appropriate measures were developed and tested on 227 respondents in China with a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The path relationships of the research model were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 and Amos 23.0. Results - Research results about social commerce characteristics and factors affecting the repurchase intention are presented to Chinese market companies that adopt business models and consumer characteristics. In addition, this study focuses on the characteristics of social commerce, from two-dimensional characteristics of the consumer satisfaction, trust and the impact on the repurchase. Therefore, social commerce features and consumer properties based on the results of this study may lead the strategic implications that may increase the repurchase intention. Conclusions - The classification reviewing the previous findings related to social commerce and social commerce features affects social commerce repurchase (price discount, interactivity) and consumer characteristics (impulsivity, innovation, collectivism). It affects repurchase on factors and analyzes empirically. The empirical results identify major characteristics (social commerce characteristics, attributes) that affect the repurchase intention, and give the practical implications as well as the business strategies that are able to enhance social commerce repurchase consumers. Social commerce is a certain way of how people buy some products together with others through the internet sites with mutual interactions among customers with the benefits of SNS when buying some products.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.453-497
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate social aspects of young EFL learners' interaction at the computer. Data were taken from the interactions of three pairs of fourth-grade primary school children who worked together on English learning software. Their interactions at the computer were videotaped and then all the talk produced by the students and the utterances emitted from the computer were transcribed. As for the analytical tools, the notion of ‘contextualization cues’ (Gumperz, 1982) and the concept of ‘positioning’ (Davies & Harre,1990) were employed. The analysis reveals that the roles of the students were not tied to a certain position, but rather dynamically changed during the course of interactive work according to the situation at hand. The dynamic changes in their positions were realized through various means; their capability in solving problems, their taking responsibility or assigning it to each other, or cooperation. There were also instances of peer teaching and motivated learning. In addition, the students showed autonomy in their learning activity. These findings suggest that both students in a dyad had their own place in performing task activities, contributing to solving problems and getting benefits from peer interaction. Furthermore, students' working together on English learning software may provide an environment which can promote cooperative attitude and responsibility for learning and enhance motivation and autonomy in their learning process.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

In this paper, we develop a virtual experimental environment to investigate users' eye gaze in human-robot social interaction, and verify it's potential for further studies. The system consists of a 3D robot character capable of hosting simple interactions with a user, and a gaze processing module recording which body part of the robot character, such as eyes, mouth or arms, the user is looking at, regardless of whether the robot is stationary or moving. To verify that the results acquired on this virtual environment are aligned with those of physically existing robots, we performed robot-guided quiz sessions with 120 participants and compared the participants' gaze patterns with those in previous works. The results included the followings. First, when interacting with the robot character, the user's gaze pattern showed similar statistics as the conversations between humans. Second, an animated mouth of the robot character received longer attention compared to the stationary one. Third, nonverbal interactions such as leakage cues were also effective in the interaction with the robot character, and the correct answer ratios of the cued groups were higher. Finally, gender differences in the users' gaze were observed, especially in the frequency of the mutual gaze.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease pandemic affected people's lives in different ways, including child education and parent-child interactions. The present study aimed to identify the educational opportunities of children and challenges of parents during this pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological method. The participants were 23 parents of children aged 7-12 years, selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews, which continued until data saturation was reached, and then classified and processed following Strauss and Glasser's approach. Results: The findings were classified as parenting transformation, attachment challenges, and parenting challenges due to macro-systemic changes. Online education and changes caused by social distancing were the most significant parenting challenges. Moreover, children did not have the necessary space to be independent and self-sufficient. Conclusion: For many children, adapting to virtual education has been challenging; therefore, parents should change their parenting control and support. The emergence of such challenges has led to the creation of more opportunities in the field of child education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction patterns between teachers and students appeared in sixth grade elementary science lessons. To this end, we set research questions as what are the types of SPS (Social Participation Structure) between teachers and students in the class. Eighteen elementary science lessons were observed. Data were collected by video recordings and observation method. The result showed that the types of SPS were classified into nine. 1) A teacher initiates the whole students into interaction with him. 2) The whole students keep silent or carry out specific activities under the teacher's direction. 3) A teacher initiates some students into interaction. 4) A teacher names specific students to read a text. 5) A teacher initiates the whole students into group interactions. 6) Students interact with each other irrespective of the teacher's intention. 7) Students initiate a teacher into interactions with them. 8) A teacher intervenes during the students' activities and this intervention, in turn, produces interactions between the teacher and the students. 9) A teacher directs the whole class to read a learning goal or a learning material. This study shows that SPS-1 and SPS-3 are the most frequently observed interaction patterns in the elementary science lessons.