• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the implementation of village fund (VF) policy in Indonesia by addressing the following issues: (1) what is the VF policy; (2) factors that support and hinder policy implementation; (3) impact of policy implementation; and (4) model for implementing village fund policies that can improve community welfare. Through a descriptive qualitative-based approach, several indicators are measured, namely, the substance of implementing rules, the results of project implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors for policies, participation factors, and the impact generated by village fund policies, which include social and economic effects. The extraction of this information and indicators will lead this study to produce ideal models and propositions for quantitative confirmatory research as a future research agenda. This study was conducted in two villages (Mojomulyo and Tambakromo) in Pati District, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection model using interviews and observations from all actors who play a role (e.g., village government, village supervisory agency, and community). The study results show that policies have been implemented by normative rules; there are several supporting and inhibiting factors both internal and external. The study results also confirm the relevance of the articulated theory and some comprehensive input to our study.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-142
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• 2022

This paper uses social network theory and the internationalization process model (IPM) to determine how external network linkages influence the location choices of multinational enterprise from emerging economies (EMNEs); specifically, whether past alliance experience influences location choices and its impact on the subsequent entry of MNEs from emerging economies. This paper applies survival analysis using initial and secondary investments from 2,000 Chinese A-share listed companies that entered 90 countries between 1997 and 2018 to analyze both the initial and subsequent entries of Chinese outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) in major host countries. The findings indicate that an MNE's previous experience with a company from a particular country will increase the likelihood of an initial investment in that country. Previous alliance experience may accelerate the foreign investment process of EMNE and stimulate firms making a commitment to a position in a foreign network, regardless of cultural distance and stage of internationalization. Alliance before initial investment may increase the likelihood and speed of entering a host country as wholly owned subsidiaries and that network linkages not only significantly influence the internationalization process of small and medium-sized enterprises, as indicated by the IPM, but also that of large listed firms.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2014

IT서비스가 발달함에 따라 기업의 가치창출 수단으로 개인정보의 활용도가 높아졌고, 오 남용 및 유출의 위험도 증가하고 있다. 웹사이트 이용 및 서비스 내용을 담고 있는 개인정보 보호정책은 법에 의하여 의무적으로 공지되고 있음에도 불구하고, 낮은 가독성으로 인하여 사용자에게 내용이 효과적으로 전달되지 않는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 사용자의 정보인식효과를 높일 수 있도록 아이콘을 활용한 개인정보 보호정책의 개선된 레이어드 방식을 제안한다. 기존 텍스트 또는 테이블 방식과 비교할 때 개선된 레이어드 방식에 대하여 사용자들이 얼마나 기업의 개인정보 취급내용을 이해하고 감각적으로 풍부하게 전달받을 수 있는지 실험을 통해 사용자 정보인식 효과를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 정보이해가능성과 생동감, 재인에 대하여 개선된 레이어드 방식이 기존의 텍스트 방식이나 테이블 방식보다 효과적이다. 사용자에게 정보를 효과적으로 전달하는 정보 시각화 측면에서 아이콘과 같은 시각적인 요소를 도입하여 개인정보 취급방침 방식을 개선한다면, 프라이버시 정책에 대한 사용자 관심이 높아지는 등 개인정보권 보호에 실질적인 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2018

Objectives : Contents regarding Qiuzimen as found in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang were studied for their potentialities to be applied to infertility clinics. Methods : The contents on Qiuzimen in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang are pondered upon after dividing into two categories of medical theory and therapeutic principle, and other related texts and dissertations are further studied to discover a potential subject matter in being applied to today's modern clinics. Results : 1. In medical theory, Sunsimiao picked five overexertions and seven damages as the main medical cause of infertility. For remedy, he established four common formula, which are: chinjasan, bakchotangpotang, suppository, and haseog(cheon)moondongwhan. 2. There are total of thirteen types of formula described in the Qiuzimen in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang, and five acupuncture points are used in the moxibustion method. After analyzing the herbs that were used six or more times, it was discovered that medicines were used to tonify the viscera of heart and kidney that are damaged through five overexertions and seven damages. In moxibustion method, different points such as CV4, LR14, pomoon, cheonmoon, and KI2, which is the point for kidney meridian were used in order to tonify the uterus through lower abdomen area and reproductive organs. 3. Qiuzimen has not only had a great impact on the infertility treatment as found in Furendaquanliangfang, which is the first gynecology text in Song dynasty, but it also had a continuous impact on medical texts in Ming and Qing dynasty. 4. The infertility therapeutic principle and approach method as found in the Qiuzimen are still relevant in today's modern infetility treatment. Conclusions : In the Qiuzimen of Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang, the problem of infertility is viewed as the whole body's problem, namely a type of defective disease caused by five overexertions and seven damages, the view of which should be applied to today's modern clinics.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.177-195
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• 2005

Tough Korean architecture and urban environment has been developed for almost 100 years, it still remains various kinds of problems. Many attempts was carried out by every new plan to reduce the problems, it result in requiring more investment than before. It means all the investment for the development has been inefficient and immature to protect economic problems compared with the developed country. For the reason of economic problems it must be studied in historical cases which influenced the economic impacts, before the proposal of index with the economic theory. Searching typical architecture or urban development that brought about economic impacts can be classified into 3 cases. First case is the impact that caused the economic growth, increase, boom like the Westminster & others and the american architectures after the economic crisis. Second case is the impacts that was the origin of decline, shrink in economic as the Palace of Versailles, the skyscrape buildings in america before the economic crisis. Third case is the impact that was the both role of increase and decline in economic as the modern architecture in industrial revolution which led to the national economic growth and the gap between the rich and the poor, and as the american architecture that was the root of crisis and the revival in economic. From the case study, it is clear that architecture has relation with economics in various factors as mass production, labour, and another industries all over the history & the world. Now, architecture strongly needed not only to raise functional, cultural effect and value, but to predict and control the economic impacts with theory from further research of historical cases to policy and practise.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

본 연구는 침묵의 나선 이론의 핵심 구성요소인 소외에 대한 두려움과 공개 발언 의지가 문화적 가치에 따라 어떠한 영향을 받는지를 분석한 글이다. 그동안의 문화 간 침묵의 나선 이론 검증은 대부분 '개인주의-집단주의' 성향의 차이가 침묵의 나선 현상의 차이를 초래했다는 결론으로 이어졌다. 본 연구는 침묵의 나선 이론에 대한 문화적 가치의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 '개인주의-집단주의' 뿐만 아니라 '불확실성의 회피' 성향도 중요 변수로 검증하였다. 이를 위해 인도와 한국, 미국, 스페인 등 4개국에서 온라인 설문을 진행한 뒤 얻은 780명의 응답을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 개인주의는 소외에 대한 두려움을 낮추고, 집단주의 및 불확실성 회피성향은 소외에 대한 두려움을 높이는 것으로 조사됐다. 또 개인주의와 불확실성 회피성향은 공개발언 의지를 강화시키는 것으로, 소외에 대한 두려움은 공개발언 의지를 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 소외에 대한 두려움은 개인주의와 집단주의의 공개발언 의지에 대한 영향력을 매개하는 것으로 확인됐다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제32호
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• pp.251-276
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• 2011

생산 수단이 지금과 같이 발달 되지 않았던 고대에는 묵자뿐만 아니라 대부분의 사상가들이 절검을 통한 경제적 안정을 공통적으로 주장하고 있다. 하지만 묵자의 경우처럼 통치자들의 사치와 낭비를 통렬하게 비판하고 그것이 국가와 사회 그리고 백성들에게 미치는 영향을 속속들이 밝힌 사상가는 찾아보기 힘들다. 묵자의 이러한 노력은 번잡하고 사치스러운 예(禮)를 피하고 현실적이고 합리적인 제도를 갖추기 위함이었으며, 궁극적으로는 사회적 재화와 백성의 노동력을 보호하기 위한 전략이었다. 재물을 사용하는데 낭비가 없고 백성들의 생활이 수고롭지 않으면 많은 이로움이 일어난다는 묵자의 경제관은 너무나 당연하여 단순하기까지 느껴지지만, 사실은 통치자들에 대한 견제를 통해 민생을 안정시키고자 하는 묵자의 최종 지향점이었다. 그리고 이러한 묵가의 경제관은 오늘날에도 여전히 유효한 이론이라고 생각된다. 묵가는 노동 생산과 생산품의 교환 문제, 가격 이론 등이 지닌 중요성에 대해 가장 먼저 인식한 선진 학파이며 사람들의 구매력과 가격 그리고 욕구와의 관계에 대한 이론도 개진하고 있다. 이러한 그의 사상은 "묵경" 속에 잘 기재되어 전해 온다. 이는 묵가가 물질적 조건이 인간의 윤리적 삶과 사회 제도에 결정적 영향을 끼친다고 보았기 때문이었다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.91-117
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• 2020

This study aimed to understand the relationships among the institutional pressure and the level of compliance and corporate value. The research focuses on four main variables, which are regulatory pressure, normative pressure, and cultural-cognitive pressure as the institutional pressure, and the CSR score as the level of the firm's compliance. We examined the impact of the institutional pressure on the firm's compliance-level, together with the effect of compliance level on the corporate value. We analyzed the 3,792 CSR data listed in China's A market and 31 province and city-level data from China. Results showed that institutional pressure had a positive influence on the firm's compliance level. The corporate value was greater with a high compliance level when the institutional pressure was high. The firm's compliance level negatively influenced corporate value when the institutional pressure was low. This study took into account a level of institutional pressures in three dimensions when investigating the effect of CSR compliance level on the corporate value. Thus, this study has a unique academic contribution by demonstrating that CSR activities can have a positive or negative effect depending on the institutional environment for each firm. The findings of this study also provide valuable insights to industry practitioners by suggesting the importance of considering the institution-specific condition when deciding to comply with the institutional pressure.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제78권
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• pp.145-174
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• 2018

This study, focused on Official Development Assistance(ODA) as a solution to the global polarization and demonstrated how corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a role in raising the performance of ODA. First, socio - economic value and profit - created by CSV activities have a significant effect on constructing an economic reciprocal relationship between donor countries and recipient countries. In addition, it has shown that it promotes the simultaneous development of companies and society through the strategic CSR model and consequently contributes to the achievement of ODA. Second, it suggests that the elements of the BOP model have a significant effect on improving the unreasonable wage system and unethical working conditions of developing countries. Furthermore, this suggests that improving the income of the poor can improve the performance of ODA. Third, this study reconstructed 'CSR Pyramid' of Carrol and newly devised CSRD theory. In the case of ODA to developing countries, economic, legal, ethical, and charitable responsibilities are set priorities. In this study, it is suggested that the priority should be flexibly set as economic ${\rightarrow}$ charitable ${\rightarrow}$ ethical ${\rightarrow}$ legal responsibility. This study reexamines the strategic CSR model in the international management field and conducted empirical analysis on CSV, BOP, CSRD model as the constituent elements. In addition, the strategic CSR model that has moved away from the traditional and old-fashioned perspectives still has room for development, and exploratory research to develop the model will continue to contribute to clarifying the concept and scope of CSR.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.6-20
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• 2016

Scholarly communication plays a significant role in the development and dissemination of research outputs in library and information science (LIS). This study presents findings from a survey which examines the key attributes that characterize the publishing by Pakistani LIS scholars, i.e. academics and professionals, in national journals. A pilot-tested, electronic questionnaire was used to collect the data from the target population. 104 respondents (or 69.3% of target) provided feedback on areas such as number of articles published, number of citations, and the nature of any collaboration with other authors. The findings of this survey revealed that, among the various designated regions of Pakistan, the Punjab region was the most highly represented. In articles published in national journals, there was a clear preference among all respondents to collaborate with at least one other author. The citation metrics for LIS articles in national journals were relatively low (30.22%), which aligns with Scimago’s Journal and Country Rankings. The uptake of social scholarly networks mirrors international trends. Respondents were asked to score factors which could impact negatively on their ability to undertake research and/or publish the results. The study recommends that concerned stakeholders work together, as appropriate, to address concerns. In addition, it recommends that further research be undertaken to define patterns of Pakistani co-authorship in the social sciences.