• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

It is common that most countries focus on the development of their capital cities. As a result, other areas do not develop as well as capital cities. Some areas even develop into a kind of distressed community. This leads to the outflow of population and also difficulties for remaining people in these areas. Under such social background, international marriages are on the increase in rural areas and small and medium-sized cities, causing many problems in connection with that. Many researches on multi-cultural families had been conducted recently, but most of them approached their studies from the viewpoint of social welfare. The physical, economical and cultural environments of multi-cultural families are closely connected to each other. Therefore it is necessary to study these families from a holistic point of view. Therefore the purpose of the research is to study the living conditions and the potential needs of married female immigrants in an in-depth and holistic way. The direction of residential planning for multi-families is also provided. To do that, there are three stages of the research which are theoretical review, preliminary survey and main survey. Methods of literature review, workshop, and questionnaire are used. Based on the results of the research, recommendations for the direction of multi-cultural families residential planning are provided. Physically, living-room, bedroom, kitchen and toilet should be adjusted based on their needs. Socially, the feelings of alienation and exclusion should be reduced for married female immigrants. Economically, it is necessary to find a way to make sure that the second generations of multi-cultural families do not inherit poverty from their parents. Culturally, it is important to consider the different needs of immigrants and to embrace their own culture.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was (1) to explore the diffusion process of household capital goods(2) to examine the economic and social factors influencing on the diffusion process and to discuss whether the household capital goods would be introduced for the efficiency of housework. For the purpose this study made use of all sorts of literature. The results were summarized as follows: Household capital goods were developed about the time of 1960's and were spreaded in 1980's In this course such socio-economic factors as the development of electronic industry the price change of household capital goods and services the decrease of employed housekeepers and the increase of income level in fluenced on the diffusion process. It seemed that houehold capital goods were not introduced only for the efficiency of housework.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to examine how perceived family-friendliness of community influences parents' efficacy and stress. This study asks three research questions: 1) what is the geographical boundary of community perceived by parents with pre-school children, 2) how the components of family-friendly community affect parents' perception on family-friendliness of their communities, 3) how the perceived family-friendliness of their community affects parenting efficacy and stress. Drawing on a sample of 628 parents(318 males, 310 females) who had at least one pre-school child, we analyze the data by frequencies, means and hierarchical regressions. The major findings are as follows. While the responses on the geographical boundary of community varies the most frequent response is 'Gu'. Both knowledge on family service infra and community social capital, which consist of family-friendly community, affect the perception of family-friendliness of community. The perceived family-friendliness of community is positively associated with parenting efficacy and negatively associated with parenting stress. The effect of the perceived family-friendliness of community on parenting efficacy disappears when social capital is included in the model. There is no such pattern in the association between the perceived family-friendliness of community and parenting stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.270-282
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• 2013

The present study aims to investigate the effects of bicultural characteristics and social capital on psychological adaptations such as depression and self-esteem. A survey was conducted on 295 foreign-born mothers and their 305 children, ranging from third to sixth grade in elementary school up to seventh to ninth grade in middle school, residing in South Korea's seven major cities, including the city of Seoul. The results of this research are the following: 1) With regards to factors that influence depression among children in a multicultural family, less support from a friend leads to a larger exposure to multicultural programs. Also, the lower the perceived income level of his or her family, greater is the state of the child's depression. 2) Significant factors that influence self-esteem for multicultural children are friends' support, level of mothers' Korean language proficiency, teachers' support, and numbers of multicultural programs. Two implications may be addressed from this study. One is the need to consider bicultural characteristics and social capital to enhance psychological adaptability for children raised in multicultural families. Another is to apply social support characteristics such as friends' and teachers' support to multicultural programs.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2011

This article addresses potential barriers to sustained employment for rural low-income mothers. Drawing from a two panel longitudinal sample of 240 families from the Rural Families Speak project, it examines the extent to which human capital and family factors were related to these mothers' ability to be employed. Comparisons are made between mothers, who over a three-year period, were continuously unemployed, intermittently employed, or stably employed. Many of these rural low-income mothers faced multiple individual and family barriers that impacted their labor force participation. Notably food insecurity, mental health, caring for a young child, housing, and a family history of welfare were associated with less stable employment. The implications for public policy and service delivery are discussed.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.51-81
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to seek better approach which explains reciprocal causality associated with factors causing social conflict and improving social integration respectively. Throughout this study, there are several important implications how social conflict can be solved in South Korea. In particular, government and policy makers in political sector should create an environment of social integration through political reforms by switching from vertical structure to horizontal structure and by encouraging ordinary people to actively participate in the policy-making processes and political activities. In economic sector, government and stakeholder associated with a certain economic issue should induce a change in the economic environment for social integration, focusing on distribution of wealth and employment stability. In social and cultural sectors, it is necessary to solve social and cultural problems (e.g., generation gap and conflict between the young and the old, multi-ethnic families, and lack of communication) by exploring better ways to establish an altruism and to interact with each other. In psychological sectors, PsyCap(Positive Psychological Capital) will help ordinary people to crate positive thinking and lead to social integration. For instance, political leaders having PsyCap are able to communicate with the people and can help the people to build positive main influencing on social integration. Finally, the improvement of the system is required because the improvement of insufficient system is the basis for reasonable and equitable social integration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1405-1422
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• 2021

This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model to explain health-promoting behaviors among high school students in Korea. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire of 395 first-year to third-year students at a high school in Gyeonggi-do area. The exogenous variables of this study were family function, friend support, school life environment, and social capital of the local community, and endogenous variables were self-efficacy, self-regulation, and health-promoting behaviors. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 22.0. The final model with 13 of the 9 analyzed paths showed a good fit to the empirical data: χ²/df=1.96, GFI=.90, AGFI=.88, CFI=.94, TLI=.93, RMSEA=.05, SRMR=.06. The variables included in these paths were family function (β=.57), self-efficacy (β=.29), self-regulation(β=.14), the social capital of local community (β=.14), and friend support (β=.13). The variables included in the nine significant paths explained 86% of variance in the explain model. Thus, it is necessary to build up a social support system for dysfunctional families and health-promoting behaviors of adolescents in the families and develop a program for creating the environment of the local community including schools.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.41
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• pp.119-146
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• 2000

The goals and strategies of welfare-to-work (WTW) policies have been sources of contentious political debate. In the United States, despite 20 years of welfare reform, there remain important differences of opinion regarding how best to design and deliver WTW programs. The proliferation of state and local WTW experiments has led to the identification of two ideal-types of WTW programs: the Labor Force Attachment and Human Capital Development models. Most of the recent policy debate about WTW in America has focused on the relative merits and performance of LFA and HCD. While the Primary goal of the LFA model is for welfare recipients to achieve a rapid transition into work, the HCD model seeks to improve the long-term employability of welfare dependents through education and skill development. LFA policies tend to be strongly outcome-oriented and generally can yield quick results. Their "any job is a good job" philosophy has proved attractive to policy-makers who are anxious to see concrete results in a short-term period. In contrast, the HCD policies do not simply dump welfare dependents at the bottom of the labor market, but aim to secure relatively stable and well-paid jobs. However, these strengths are offset by several practical weaknesses including high unit costs and long-term investment in human capital. In recent years, LFA policies have been increasingly favored by both policy officials and politicians in the United States. The introduction of Temporaray Assistance to Needy Families of 1996 has been accelerating the trend. What is going to happen to welfare recipients? This simple shift to the LFA model, however, will only see an alarming increase of working poor in a near future.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.217-230
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the purchase of cash-value life insurance of households. Based on human capital and bequest motive theories of the demand for life insurance, this study developed a conceptual model of the demand for life insurance of households. In addition, in order to capture the beneficiaries' preference and expected lifetime utility, expected future financial needs were included in the conceptual model. Using Heckit analysis, the model was estimated by two stages. The results supported that human capital, bequest motives and expected future financial needs were significant factors on both decision to have insurance and the mont of insurance. Specifically, if the household's head expected to have a higher potential in the future, the household was more likely to have insurance. If a household had dependents, the household was more likely to have insurance. As income or monthly expenditure increased, the probability of haying insurance and the amount of the insurance increased However, savings or social insurance were positively related to the purchase of insurance.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.340-359
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• 1994

This study intends to describe the characteristics of the transformation of the rural society by tracing the changing social and economic processes of traditional clan villiage (Yeolmi-ri, Silchon-myeon, Kwangju-gun, Kyunggi-province) in the suburbs of Seoul Metropolitan Area. Rural society has experienced serious change of the social structure by the ever expanding urbanization and industrialization since 1960's. The suburbs of Seoul Metropolitan Area is the representative case area of such transformation. This study analyzed various chracteristics of population structure of a villiage, the processes of residential movement and the occupational shift of each household of the villiage in terms of household's life-history collected by interviewing with each household. And the whole households of a villiage is divided by two groups of the native clan group and the non-dan in-migrant group. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) This villiage is located within a lineal distance of 40km and a time distance of about 30 to 40 minutes, adjoined dy the Joongbu(중부) national highway, the Kyungchoong (경충) industrial road, the local road between Yangpyuna(양평) and Gonjiam(곤지암) and having a advantageous iocational linkage to Seoul capital city. 2) It is a typical traditional dan villiae constituted of dan family Gu(구) one of whose ancestors had appointed to the prime minister of Chosun Dynasty, and until 1979, 56 out of 60 families of the villiage households were clan families. 3) Since 1979, as the villiage invaded by the out-movement of the small scale manufacturing industries from Seoul capital city, labours moved in this vallige from outside and increased villiage size up to 203 households in 1993, consequently the constitutional proportion between the native clan group and the non-clan in-migrant group was reversed up to 28% vs 72% deepening the sociological heterogeneity. 4) Because of the small scale of industries in this villiage and the vicinity with the city of Seoul, the population turnover of this villiage is very high. The turnover frequency is firstly high within same administrative district of gun(군) level and secondly high between this villiage and the city of Seoul. Thus short-distance movement is identified. 5) There is a close correlation between the residential movement and the occupational shift. The most numbers of non-farm native group have the experiences of migration while the members of native farming group don't shift both the job and the place of residence. The inmigrant group had several migration experiences but few occupational shifts. Thus occupatioanl shift is high for the native group while residential shift is high for the in-migrant group. It is concluded that the change proceeded in Metropolitan suburbs was not directed to form the traditional rural village as 'gesund Gebiet' with respect to the ballance among the economic, cultural and environmental adequency.