• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 첫째 임상에서 진료실에 노출된 가타파차 콘 표면의 오염 균종을 중합효소연쇄반응법 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR)을 이용해 동정하고, 둘째 이들 세균으로 오염시킨 가타파차 콘에 대해 2종의 소독제의 rapid sterilization 효과를 비교하였다. 또한 이들 소독제에 5분간 처리된 가타파차 콘 표면 성상의 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 진료실에 수 개월간 노출된 가타파차 콘 100개를 수거하여 배양지에 넣어 배양 후 universial primer를 사용한 PCR assay 를 통해 오염 균종을 동정하였다. 실험실 상에서 이 균종을 다시 배양하여 소독된 가타파차 콘에 접종하고 1주일간 배양한 후 2종의 소독제(5% NaOCl, 2% Chlorhexidine)에 1, 3, 5, 10 분간 담근 후 각 소독제의 종류와 적용시간에 따른 멸균 효과를 turbidity test 와 subculture 를 이용하여 평가하였다. 또한 각 소독제에 5분간 처리된 가타파차 콘 표면 성상의 변화를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 중합효소연쇄반응법의 분석결과 17개의 가타 파차 콘이 오염된 것으로 나타났고 대부분이 Staphylococcus 계통이었으며, 2종의 소독제 모두 이들 균종에 대해 1분내에 멸균 효과를 나타냈다. 주사전자현미경상 NaOCl로 소독된 가타파차 콘 표면에는 cuboidal crystal 의 침전물이 전반적으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과 2종의 소독제 모두 근관충전 전 가타파차 콘의 rapid sterilization 을 위해 유용하였으나 클로헥시딘으로 처리된 가타파차 콘이 크리스탈 침전물이 없는 좀더 깨끗한 표면을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.152-164
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• 1982

1. In order to make the improvement of plywood quality, this study has been made. The pretreatments applied to the veneers are as follows. a) The soaking treatment of the veneer in 30 percent methanol solution for 24 hours was applied to remove some resinous materials which may cause many stain discolouring on the face of finished plywood. b) The preservative treatment of the veneer in 2 percent malenit solution for 2 to 3 minutes was adopted to make resistance against decay and insect damages. c) The fire retardant treatment of the veneer in 40 percent ammonium phosphate solution for 2 hours was applied to give retardation effect against fire burning. 2. The results summarized in this study are as follows. a) One percent resinous materials was extracted, after the soaking of the veneers in 30 percent diluted methanol. b) No marks of the dirty stains of resinous materials on the face of the treated plywood was shown, although many quite dirty stains on the face of untreated plywood have contrary seen. c) However, the strip shear test strength of the treated plywood was not decreased. It means that there is no difference in the strength between the treated plywood and the untreated plywood. The strength values were 25.08 kg/$cm^2$ and 24.98 kg/$cm^2$, respectively. d) The strip shear test strength of plywood made of the treated veneers in 2 percent malenit solution was not decreased. e) The slight decrease of the strip shear test strength of the treated plywood made of the treated veneer in 40 percent ammonuim phosphate solution was shown. However, the remarkable difference of the fire retardation activities between the treated specimens and the untreated specimens has seen as in Table 10, that is, the fire proofed specimens had taken about 28 seconds to start to burn, while the untreated specimens had taken 15 seconds to reach to burning. This means that the fire retardation effect of the fire proofed plywood was greater than that of the unproofed plywood.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Pseudomonas cepacia로부터 유래한 quinolinone 대사물질인 2-(2-hepteny)-3-methyl-4-quinolinone (1), 2-heptyl-3-methyl-4-quinolinone, 2-nonyl-3-methyl-4-quinolinone 및 합성물질 ethyl 2-methyl-3-alkyl-4-quinolinone carboxylate의 식물생장촉진 효과를 보기 위해 종자발아검정 및 경엽처리 후의 생장량을 측정하였다. 또한 종자침지 및 관주 처리후의 초고, 생체중, 과실수도 조사하였다. 화합물 1은 종자발아 효과와 경엽처리 후에 일관된 생장촉진 효과를 보였다. 종자침지와 관주처리 후에, 화합물 1과 합성물질 ethyl 2-methyl-4-quinolinone-3-carboxylate (5)를 처리한 식물에서의 생체중과 과실수는 크게 증가하였다. 화합물1과 5는 대조관보다 각각 44%와 84%의 과실수 증가를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2018

This research was conducted to elucidate the optimum conditions for the antibacterial activity of konjak jelly using the evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. In the first set of experiments, concentration of a coagulation agent, soaking liquid, and temperature of water were set to 0.4%, $0.6{\times}10^{-2}N$, and $65^{\circ}C$ as a central point, respectively. The highest antibacterial activity was acquired at E21, in which the number of bacteria was 1.25 log cfu/g. Because the code of changes in the main effect was (-), it could be decided that the central point of the first set was not the optimum point. Although antibacterial activity in the second set was improved, the values of the main effect were higher than that of changes in the mean effect. The central point of third set was concentration of coagulation agent 0.8%, concentration of soaking liquid $1.0{\times}10^{-2}N$, and temperature of water $65^{\circ}C$. It was found that the antibacterial activity of central point in the third set was highest among all the tested set. Further, all the necessary conditions were appropriate to reach the optimum condition. The antibacterial activity of the central point in third set was more than 1,000 times higher than that of E11, in first set.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.253-253
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• 2010

Rice straw was pretreated with aqueous ammonia in order to enhance enzyme digestibility. Soaking in ammonia aqueous (SAA) was conducted with 15% ammonia, at $60^{\circ}C$. for 24 h. Optimization of both saccharification conditions and enzyme loading of SAA rice straw was carried out. Especially enzyme loading test was performed using statistical method. Moreover proton beam irradiation (PBI) was also performed to overcome the problem which inhibit the enzyme digestibility at 1-25 kGy doses with 45 MeV of beam energy. Optimal condition for enzymatic saccharification was follows; pH 4.8, $50^{\circ}C$, 60 FPU of enzyme activity, 1:4 ratio of celluase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase. Also, optimal doses of PBI on rice straw and SAA-treated rice straw for efficient sugar recovery were found to be 3 kGy, respectively. When saccharification was performed with optimal condition, glucose conversion yield was 89% of theocratical maximum in 48 h, and 3 kGy of PBI was applied to SAA-treated rice straw, approximately 90% of the theoretical glucose yield was obtained in 12 h. The results of X-ray diffractometry (XRD) support the effect of both SAA and PBI on sugar recovery, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images unveiled the physical change of the rice straw surface since rugged rice straw surface was observed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2019

Castanopsis indica (Sil Batna) is an ecologically valuable multipurpose indigenous tree species of Bangladesh. Considering its high value but poor natural regeneration due to seed dormancy, the authors conducted an experiment at the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Chittagong University (IFESCU) during 2012-2013 to find out effective pre-sowing treatments. Ten pre-sowing seed treatments were applied on mature, even-sized seeds namely-control; sandpaper rubbing; nail clipping; immersion in normal water (at room temperature: 24℃) for 24 hrs., 48 hrs. and 72 hrs.; immersion in hot water (80℃) for 1 minute; soaking in 10% dilute H₂SO₄; soaking in 10% HCl for 5 minutes; and sowing in propagator house. Seeds sown after sandpaper rubbing at the distal end revealed best performances by providing highest germination percent (66.7%), germination energy (30%), germination index (0.17), germination rate (0.0145), germination value (30%) and plant percent (66.7%) within shortest period (38 days). The treatment also produced most vigor seedlings with 20.9 cm shoot height, 15 node number, and largest leaves (11.1 cm×2.9 cm). Hence, it is recommended to adopt sandpaper rubbing method for maximum germination and quality seedlings.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.422-424
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• 2008

A serious problem of the 21st century is the supply of energy resources. Reserves of fossil fuels are facing depletion: renewable energy resources must be developed in this era. Dye sensitizedsolar cells(DSC) have been very economical and easy method to convert solar energy to electricity. DSC can reach low costs in future outdoor power applications. However, to commercialize the DSC, there are still many shortages to overcome. When the DSC is commercialized in the near future, the productivity is an important factor. In the process of soaking in a dye, it usually takes $12\sim24$ hours. In this study, we varied the dye coloring temperature from $0^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$. At the temperature of $40^{\circ}C$, DSC cell showed the best performance. We also expect the reduction of the time soaking in a dye. Counter electrode surface of DSC is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under the conditions of Ar $2.8{\times}10^{-3}$ torr, RF power of 120W and substrate temperature of $100^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

For the purpose of enhanceing soybean-sprouts quality, the optimum conditions for ozone treatment of soybean during soaking before cultivation at 18~2$0^{\circ}C$ were evaluated with ozone concentration, treatment time and treatment frequency by response surface methodology. Germination rates of cleaned soybean by ozone water in the conditions of solubilized-ozone concentrations of 0.15 to 0.35ppm, ozone-treatment frequency of 1.5 to 2.3 times and ozone-treatment time of 30 to 36min. increased 18.8 to 24.0% for the control products. And, length of hypocotyl in conditions of 0.12 to 0.33ppm, 1.7 to 2.7 times and 45 to 90min. were also increased by 69.36 to 79.40%. On the other hand, weight of roots with ozone treatment were decreased in the conditions of solubilized ozone concentrations of 0.1 to 0.2ppm and ozone-treatment time of 30 to 57min. But, ozone-treatment frequency did not affected root growth. Putrefaction rates of the control were 5 to 15%, but those of ozone-treated samples during cultivation did not show. The overall optimum conditions for above 16% germination rates, above 9% hypocotyl yields compared to the control samples and below 98% of the control root weight were solubilized-ozone concentrations of 0.25 to 0.30ppm, ozone-treatment time of 43 to 49min. and ozone-treatment frequency of one time.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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• pp.103-103
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate of the biologically active components in germinating Mung bean(Phaseolus radiata L.) and Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. During the initial germination, germination ratio of 24 hours pre-soaking Mung bean and Buckwheat seeds were higher about 2∼3% than that of non-soaking. This experiment also was peformed to observe cytotoxic effect of the germinating seeds(germination length : 2, 5, 10mm) extracts against cancer cell lines including human lung carcinoma(Calu-6), human breast adenocarcinoma(MCT-7), human great intestine carcinoma(Caco-2) and human leukemia carcinoma(AML-2/WT). The growth of the cancer cells in medium containing Mung bean and Buckwheat extracts were significantly inhibited degree in proportion to the length of germination seeds, Especially, the results show that a significant shrinkage of Calu-6 cells was observed when the cells were exposed into extract of 10mm germination seeds in germinating Mung bean and Buckwheat seeds.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2010

연근 특유의 떫은 맛을 저감하기 위하여 건조, 침지처리 및 스팀처리 등의 다양한 가공조건에 따른 탄닌 함량의 변화와 관능적 특성을 검토하였다. 6가지 가공조건으로서 단순건조(D), 침지처리 후 건조($SK{\rightarrow}D$), 스팀처리 후 건조($ST{\rightarrow}D$), 단순건조 후 압력볶음($D{\rightarrow}R$), 침지건조 후 압력볶음($SK{\rightarrow}D{\rightarrow}R$), 스팀건조 후 압력볶음($ST{\rightarrow}D{\rightarrow}R$)을 실시한 후 가공 조건별 떫은 맛의 주요성분인 탄닌 함량을 조사하고 관능검사를 실시하였다. 탄닌 함량은 스팀처리 후 건조($ST{\rightarrow}D$)한 연근에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 가공 처리에 따른 연근의 관능평가를 실시한 결과 스팀처리($S{\rightarrow}T$)에 의해 떫은 맛이 감소하였고 압력볶음(R) 처리에 의해 구수한 맛이 증가하였다. 연근의 스팀처리에 의해서 탄닌 함량이 감소되었고 떫은 맛이 제거될 수 있었으며 압력볶음(R) 처리를 통해서는 다양한 향기성분의 발향을 통해 구수한 맛을 갖게 하여 관능적으로 우수한 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 결과적으로 스팀건조 후 압력볶음($ST{\rightarrow}D{\rightarrow$}처리의 연근이 떫은 맛과 구수한 맛에서 가장 우수하였다.