• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1993

수질개선을 위한 장기연구 사업(G-7 Project)이 환경처 주관으로 시작되었다. 이 연구사업의 하나인 수질 정보 시스템 개발은 2개의 국립연구소와 대학, 그리고 관련 회사들의 합작으로 추진되고 있다. 이 연구는 통합적 수질관리를 위한 컴퓨터 시스템(ISWQM : Integrated System of Water Quality Management)의 개발을 목표로 하고 있다. 이 ISWQM은 4개의 주된 구성요소 - GIS 데이타베이스, 두개의 인공지능 기법을 바탕으로 한 도심지 오염 부하량 산정을 위한 모델들, 그리고 GIS 데이타베이스와 모델이 연계를 위한 컴퓨터 S/W - 들로서 구성되어 있다. 이러한 ISWQM은 주로 장기적 수질 관련 정책입안을 위한 의사 결정에 도움을 주기 위하여 개발이 시작되었다. GIS는 이러한 수질 관리 시스템의 개발에 있어서 필요시 되는 모든 입력 자료의 공간 데이타베이스 구성에 사용되었으며, GUI(Graphic User Interface)를 통한 위의 4개의 구성요소들을 연계시켜 효율적 SI(System Integration)을 이룩하는데 사용되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

To increase antioxidant activity and physicochemical quality characteristics, four kinds of berries (blueberry (BEB), blackberry (BKB), cranberry (CNB), raspberry (RSB)) with antioxidant activities were used to replace beet (B) in existing ABC juice. In the experimental group, the pH was decreased while the content of soluble solids was increased significantly. Total polyphenol content was significantly increased in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group. The control group had the lowest polyphenol content at 14.723 ㎍ GAE/g, whereas the blackberry replacement group had the highest polyphenol content at 67.12 ㎍ GAE/g. The total flavonoid content was the lowest in the control group at 8.98 ㎍ QE/g but the highest in the blackberry group at 50.47 ㎍ QE/g. All experimental groups showed significantly higher antioxidant activities than the control group. DPPH & ABTS radical scavenging activities were the lowest in the control group at 15.69% and 19.55%, respectively, but the highest in the blackberry group at 48.24% and 59.43%, respectively. SOD-like activity was also the lowest in the control group at 14.12%, but the highest in the blackberry group at 48.18%. When comparing experimental groups, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, SOD) and antioxidant components (total polyphenols and total flavonoids) were in the order of BKB > CNB > RSB > BEB > Control. In conclusion, the new ABC juice containing four types of berries is enriched in antioxidants with significantly improved antioxidant activities and physicochemical quality characteristics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 1991

Cheddar치즈의 숙성기간을 단축시키고 flavor를 증진시킬 목적으로 단백분해력이 있는 Micrococcus sp. LL3를 Cheddar 치즈에 첨가하기 위하여 본 균의 최적배양을 위한 배지조성을 검토하였다. 탄소원으로는 glucose, mannose, fructose 등의 단당류가 양호하였으며, arabinose, xylose는 균의 성장을 심하게 저해하였다. 본 균주에서는 탄소원의 첨가에 의한 catabolite repression은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 질소원으로는 yeast extract 0.2%의 첨가가 균의 성장에 좋았으며, 무기 질소원 첨가시는 균의 성장이 감소하였다. 특히 urea를 첨가시 균의 성장에 심한 저해효과가 있었다. 본 균주는 NaCl 9%첨가시 까지도 균의 생육이 가능했으며, 특히 1%첨가시에는 균체생육 및 단백분해 효과가 다소 증가하였다. 무기염의 경우 $MgSO_4\;0.05%$, 아미노산은 glutamic acid 0.2%첨가시 효과가 좋았다. 그러나 비타민은 $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ 수준으로 첨가시에 균의 성장 및 단백분해 효과에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 악취 분해 균주를 분리하기 위하여 광주시 소재 전자공장 등의 하천 및 주변토양 및 울산, 온산, 여천 공업단지의 오염토양 및 슬러지 등으로부터 분리한 균주들 중 악취제거용 균주를 Pseudomonas sp. TKC를 분리$\cdot$동정하였다. 분리 균주의 증식의 최적조건은 초기 기질농도 500 ppm, 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$, 초기 pH 7, 혼합속도 150rpm, 그리고 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 3.0 g/l를 포함하는 MSM 배지로 설정하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2015

5겹 편뜨기한 넙치 육 50 g을 chopper로 마쇄한 후 계란 흰자, 생크림, 레몬즙, 브랜디, 소금 및 후추를 첨가하여 반죽하였다. 랩 위에 평평하게 편 반죽(25 g) 위에 치즈(4 g)를 올리고 다시 반죽(25 g)을 덮은 후 랩으로 돌돌 말고 호일로 감싸서 끓는 물에 5분간 익혀 폴리에틸렌 필름($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$)에 진공 포장한 제품을 Terrine-1, 끓는 물에 익히지 않고 바로 진공 포장한 제품을 Terrine-2로 하였다. 동결 상태의 Terrine-1을 전자레인지로 해동하고 데운(2분간) Sample-1과 동결상태의 Terrine-2를 해동한 후 끓는 물에 5분간 익힌 Sample-2의 이화학적 성질과 관능적 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. Sample-1과 Sample-2 모두 생균수가 검출되지 않았으며, 일반성분의 경우 수분함량은 각각 31.0 및 30.4%, 조단백질은 각각 17.7 및 18.6%, 조지방은 두 시료 모두 8.3%, 조회분은 각각 1.4 및 1.5%로 거의 차이가 없었다. pH는 각각 6.48 및 6.37로 거의 차이가 없었다. 조직감의 경우 Sample-1이 $16.67g/cm^2$, Sample-2가 $23.00g/cm^2$으로 Sample-2가 더 높은 값이었다. Sample-1과 Sample-2의 TBA 값은 큰 차이가 없었다. Sample-1과 Sample-2의 총유리아미노산 함량은 각각 2050.5 및 2065.2 mg/100 g으로 비슷하였으며, 두 시료 모두에서 glutamic acid가 16.6%로 가장 많은 함량이었으며, 다음으로 lysine, leucine 및 aspartic acid 순이었다. 관능검사 결과 Sample-2의 관능적 기호도가 Sample-1보다 조금 높았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.781-785
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• 2016

With trend of the miniaturization and the high-functionalizing of mobile communication system, low-loss microwave dielectric materials are widely used for high frequency communication components. These dielectric materials should be co-sintered with highly electric-conducting metal such as silver or copper for high-frequency and thick film process application. Sintering temperature of $Ca(Li_{1/3}Nd_{2/3})_{0.2}Ti_{0.8}]O_{3-{\delta}}$, which has excellent dielectric properties such as ${\varepsilon}_r$ above 40, quality factor ($Q{\cdot}f_0$) above 16,000 GHz, and TCF (temperature coefficient of resonant frequency) of $-20{\sim}-10ppm/^{\circ}C$, is reported as high as $1,175^{\circ}C$, so it could not be co-sintered with silver or copper. Therefore in this study, low-temperature melting glasses of Zn-B-O and Zn-B-Si-O systems were added to $Ca[(Li_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})_{0.8}Ti_{0.2}]O_{3-{\delta}}$ to lower its sintering temperature under $900^{\circ}C$ without losing excellency of dielectric properties. With 15 weight % of Zn-B-Si-O glass and sintered at $875^{\circ}C$, specimen showed density of $4.11g/cm^3$, ${\varepsilon}_r$ of 40.1, $Q{\cdot}f_0$ of 4,869 GHz, and TCF of $-5.9ppm/^{\circ}C$. With 15 weight % of Zn-B-O glass and sintered at $875^{\circ}C$, specimen showed density of $4.14g/cm^3$, ${\varepsilon}_r$ of 40.4, $Q{\cdot}f_0$ of 7,059 GHz, and TCF of $-0.92ppm/^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 석탄가스화복합발전(integrated gas combined cycle, 이하 IGCC) 시스템의 석탄가스화기로부터 생산되는 석탄가스가 환원제로 이용되는 $SO_2$ 환원공정인 직접 황 회수 공정(direct sulfur recovery process, 이하 DSRP)에서 이용 가능한 Sn-Zr계 촉매 상에서의 $SO_2$ 환원반응특성을 조사하였다. Sn-Zr계 촉매는 0/1, 1/4, 1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 1/0의 Sn/Zr 몰비로 조절하여 침전법 및 공침법으로 제조되었다. 공간속도가 $10,000ml/g_{-cat.}{\cdot}h$, 반응물 몰비$([CO(or\;H_2)]/[SO_2])$가 2.0인 반응조건 하에서 Sn-Zr계 촉매를 이용하여 온도를 변화시킨 가운데 석탄가스에 포함되어 있는 $H_2$ 또는 CO를 환원제로 사용하여 $SO_2$ 환원에 대한 반응특성이 조사되었다. 실험 결과, 환원제의 종류에 상관없이 $SnO_2$와 $ZrO_2$보다 Sn-Zr계 촉매가 활성이 더 높았으며, 환원제의 종류에 대한 반응성 조사 결과, $H_2$보다 CO가 $SO_2$ 환원에 더 높은 반응성을 나타내었다. $H_2$가 환원제로 이용된 $SO_2$ 환원특성을 조사한 결과, Sn/Zr 비에 따라 제조된 Sn-Zr계 촉매의 종류에 상관없이 온도가 증가함에 따라 반응성이 증가하는 경향을 보이며 Sn/Zr 몰비가 1/4인 촉매를 사용한 경우 $550^{\circ}C$에서 $SO_2$전환율이 94.4％, 원소 황 수율이 66.4％로 높은 반응성을 나타내었다. 반면 CO를 환원제로 이용한 경우에는 Sn/Zr 몰비가 높은 촉매일수록 최적 반응온도가 감소되는 특이한 경향을 나타내었다. Sn-Zr계 촉매 중 Sn/Zr 몰비가 3/1인 $SnO_2-ZrO_2$ 촉매가 가장 낮은 최적 반응온도에서 높은 반응성을 나타내었는데, $325^{\circ}C$에서 $SO_2$전환율이 약 100％, 원소 황 수율이 약 99.5％로 가장 높은 반응성을 얻었다. 그리고 CO가 $H_2$보다 더 많이 포함되어 있는 석탄모사가스에 대하여 환원제로서의 이용가능성을 확인하고자 $CO/H_2$ 비를 달리한 각각의 합성가스에 대하여 $SO_2$ 환원반응실험을 수행하였다. Sn/Zr 몰비가 2/1인 Sn-Zr계 촉매 상에서 $SO_2$ 환원반응 실험 결과, CO 함량이 높은 합성가스일수록 효과적인 환원제임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 Sn-Zr계 촉매가 적용된 DSRP에서 석탄모사가스가 환원제로 이용 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.110.1-110.1
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• 2010

A bench scale slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) with active-Fe based catalyst was developed for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. Considering the highly exothermic reaction heat generated in the bench scale SBCR, an effective cooling system was devised consisting of a U-type dip tube submerged in the reactor. Also, the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were controlled so as to achieve high activity for the CO conversion and liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) production. Firstly, the FTS performance of the FeCuK/$SiO_2$ catalyst in the SBCR under reaction conditions of $265^{\circ}C$, 2.5 MPa, and $H_2/CO=1$ was investigated. The CO conversion and liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) productivity in the reaction were 88.6% and 0.226 $g/g_{cat}-h$, respectively, corresponding to a liquid oil ($C_{5+}$) production rate of 0.03 bbl/day. To investigate the FTS reaction behavior in the bench scale SBCR, the effects of the space velocity and superficial velocity of the synthesis gas and reaction temperature were also studied. The liquid oil production rate increased upto 0.057 bbl/day with increasing space velocity from 2.61 to 3.92 $SL/h-g_{Fe}$ and it was confirmed that the SBCR bench system developed in this research precisely simulated the FTS reaction behavior reported in the small scale slurry reactor.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31.4-32
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• 2016

Observing the solar atmosphere with ground-based telescopes in the near-infrared has a number of advantages when compared to classical measurements in visible wavelengths. One of them comes from the magnetic sensitivity of spectral lines, which varies as ${\lambda}_g$, where g is the effective $Land{\acute{e}}$ factor of the transition. This wavelength dependence makes the near-infrared range adequate to study subtle spatial or temporal variations of the magnetic field. Spectral lines, such as the photospheric Fe I $1.5648{\mu}m$ spectral line, with a $Land{\acute{e}}$ factor g=3, have often been used in the past for this type of studies. To study the chromosphere, the Ca II IR triplet and the He I $1.0830{\mu}m$ triplet are the most often observed lines. The latter has the additional advantage that the photospheric Si I $1.0827{\mu}m$ is close enough so that photosphere and chromosphere can be simultaneously recorded with a single detector in a spectrograph. The instrument TIP (Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter) has been continuously operating since 1999 at the 70-cm German VTT of the Observatorio del Teide and has been recently moved to the 1.5-m German GREGOR. During all this time, results have been obtained concerning the nature of the weak photospheric magnetic field of the quiet sun, magneto-acoustic wave propagation, evolution with the cycle of sunspot magnetic fields, photospheric and chromospheric magnetic field in emerging regions, magnetic field in chromospheric structures such as filaments, prominences, flares, and spicules, etc. In this talk, I will review the main results obtained after all these observations and mention the main challenges for the future. With its novel polarization-free design and a complete suite of instruments aimed at simultaneous (imaging and spectroscopic) observations of the solar photosphere and chromosphere, the EST (European Solar Telescope) will represent a major world-wide infrastructure to understand the physical nature of all these phenomena.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.56-72
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• 1999

Airborne concentrations of welding fumes in which 13 different metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti, and Zn were analyzed were measured at 18 factories including automobile assembly and manufactures, steel heavy industries and shipyards. Air samples were collected by personal sampler at each worker's worksite(n=339). Blood levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn were also measured from samples taken from 447 welders by atomic absorption spectrometry and compared with control values obtained from 127 non-exposed workers. The results were as follows ; 1. Among various welding types, $CO_2$ welding 70.2 % were widely used, shielded metal arc welding(SMAW) 22.1 % came next, and rest of them were metal inert gas(MIG) welding, submerged arc welding(SAW), spot welding(SPOT) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) welding. 2. Welding fume concentration was $0.92mg/m^3$($0.02{\sim}15.33mg/m^3$) at automobile assembly and manufactures, $4.10mg/m^3$($0.02{\sim}70.75mg/m^3$) at steel heavy industries and $5.59mg/m^3$($0.30{\sim}91.16mg/m^3$) at shipyards, respectively, showing significant difference among industry types. Workers exposed to high concentration of welding fumes above Korean Permissible Exposure Limit(KPEL) amounted to 7.9 % and 12.5 %, in $CO_2$ welding and in SMAW at automobile assembly and manufactures and 62.7 % in $CO_2$ welding, and 12.5 % in SMAW at shipyards, and 66.2 % in $CO_2$ welding and 70.6 % in SMAW at steel heavy industries. 3. Geometric mean of airborne concentration of each metal released from welding fumes was below one 10th of KPEL in all welding types. Percentage of workers, however, exposed to airborne concentration of metals above KPEL amounted to 16.8 % in Mn and 7.6 % in Fe in $CO_2$ welding; 37.5 % in Cu in SAW, 30 % in Cu in TIG; and 25 % in Pb in SPOT welding. As a whole, 76 Workers(22.4%) were exposed to high concentration of any of the metals above KPEL. 4. There were differences in airborne concentration of metals such as Al, Cd, Cr, Cu. Fe. Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sn, Ti and Zn by industry types. These concentrations were higher in shipyards and steel heavy industries than in automobile assembly and manufactures. Workers exposed to higher concentration of Pb above KPEI amounted to 7.4 % of workers(7/94) in automobile assembly and manufactures. In shipyards, 19.2 % of workers(19/99) were over-exposed to Mn and 7.1 % (7/99) to Fe above KPEL. In steel heavy industries, 14.4 %(21/146), 7.5 %(11/146) and 13 %(19/146) were over-exposed to Mn, Fe and Cu, respectively. As a whole, 76 out of 339 workers(22.4%) were exposed to any of the metals above KPEL. 5. Blood levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in welders were $0.11{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $0.84{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $424.4{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $1.26{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $5.01{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$ and $5.68{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, in contrast to $0.09{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $0.70{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $477.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $0.73{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$, $3.14{\mu}g/100m{\ell}$ and $6.15{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in non-exposed control groups, showing significantly higher values in welders but Fe and Zn.