• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.110-113
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• 2006

This study is to grasp and analyse the temporal and spatial distribution of record-breaking heavy snowfall rarely occurred in the middle and southwest region of South Korea during March of 2004 and December of 2005 respectively. Snow cover area was extracted using the channels 1, 3 and 4 of NOAA AVHRR images and the snow depth distribution was spatially interpolated using snowfall data of meteorological stations. Using administration boundary and Digital Elevation Model from 1:5,000 NGIS digital map, the snowfall impact was assessed spatially and compared with the reports at that time.

• 대기
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2013

We examine the effects of the sea surface temperature (SST) distribution on heavy snowfall over the Yellow Sea using high-resolution SST products and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model simulations in 30 December 2010. First, we evaluate the model by comparing the simulated and observed fresh snowfall over the Korean peninsula (Ho-Nam province). The comparison shows that the model reproduces the distributions and magnitudes of the observed snowfall. We then conduct sensitivity model simulations where SST perturbations by ${\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$ relative to baseline SST values (averaged SST for $5{\sim}15^{\circ}C$) are uniformly specified over the region of interest. Results show that ${\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$ SST perturbation simulations result in changes of air temperature by $+0.37/-0.38^{\circ}C$, and by ${\pm}0.31^{\circ}C$ hPa for sea level pressure, respectively, relative to the baseline simulation. Atmospheric responses to SST perturbations are found to be relatively linear. The changes in SST appear to perturb precipitation variability accounting for 10% of snow and graupel, and 18% of snowfall over the Yellow Sea and Ho- Nam province, respectively. We find that anomalies of air temperature, pressure, and hydrometeors due to SST perturbation propagate to the upper part of cloud top up to 500 hPa and show symmetric responses with respect to SST changes.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2011

This study is to estimate the possible damage area of greenhouse by heavy snowfall event using terra MODIS snow cover area (SCA) and the ground measured snowfall data (GMSD). For the 4 heavy snowfall events of January 2001, March 2004, December 2005 and January 2010, the areas exceeding the design criteria of snowfall depth for greenhouse breaking were extracted by coupling the MODIS SCA and GMSD. The main damaged regions were estimated as Gangwon province in 2001, Chungbuk and part of Gyeongbuk province in 2004, Jeonbuk and Jeonnam province in 2005, and Gangwon and part of Gyeonggi province in 2010 respectively. Comparing with the investigated number of greenhouse damaged data, the estimated areas reflected the statistical data except 2001. The 2001 greenhouse damages were caused by the high wind speed (35.7m/sec) together with snowfall. The results of this study can be improved if the design criteria of wind speed is added.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2011

Cloudsat satellite data is sensitive to snowfall and collected during each month beginning with Dec 2007 and ending Feb 2008. In this study, we attempt to develop a snowfall retrieval algorithm using a combination of radiometer and cloud radar data. We trained data from the relation between brightness temperature measurements from NOAA's Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit-B(AMSU-B) and the radar reflectivity of the 2B-GEOPROF product from W-band(94 GHz) cloud radar onboard Cloudsat and applied it to the Korea peninsula. We use a principal components analysis to quantify the variations that are the result of the radiometric signatures of snowfall from those of the surface. Finally, we quantify the correlation between the higher principal component (orthogonal to surface variability) of the microwave radiances and the precipitation-sensitive CloudSat radar reflectivities. This work summarizes the results of applying this approach to observations over the East Sea during Feb. 2008. The retrieved data show reasonable estimation for snowfall rate compared with Cloudsat vertical image.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.154-164
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• 2018

연구목적 : 최근 기후변화에 따라 여름철 태풍, 호우와 겨울철 대설, 한파 등의 기상재난이 증가하고 있다. 대설재난은 교통, 건물, 시설물 등에 다양한 피해를 발생시키기 때문에 신속한 대처가 필요하다. 대설재난이 도시 안전에 영향을 주고 있으나 우리나라의 대설재난 대처는 미흡하고, 정책 연구도 부족한 상황이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 대설재난이 발생할 때 신속한 도로 제설을 위하여 제설차량과 장비에 정보 통신 기술을 활용한 사례를 분석하고, 시사점을 도출한다. 연구결과 : 도로 제설장비에 정보통신기술이 적용된 장비를 부착하면 긴급 상황시 제설차량과 장비의 위치를 파악하여 인근지역의 도로 제설을 응원할 수 있다. 결론 : 본 연구의 사례 분석은 향후 지자체 제설장비의 효율적 이용을 위해 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1481-1493
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• 2014

In order to understand the relation between the distribution of sea surface temperature and heavy snowfall over western coast of the Korean peninsula, several numerical assessments were carried out. Numerical model used in this study is WRF, and sea surface temperature data were FNL(National Center for Environment Prediction-Final operational global analysis), RTG(Real Time Global analysis), and OSTIA(Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis). There were produced on the basis of remote sensing data, such as a variety of satellite and in situ observation. The analysis focused on the heavy snowfall over Honam districts for 2 days from 29 December 2010. In comparison with RTG and OSTIA SST data, sensible and latent heat fluexes estimated by numerical simulation with FNL data were higher than those with RTG and OSTIA SST data, due to higher sea surface temperature of FNL. General distribution of RTG and OSTIA SST showed similar, however, fine spatial differences appear in near western coast of the peninsula. Estimated snow fall amount with OSTIA SST was occurred far from the western coast because of higher SST over sea far from coast than that near coast. On the other hand, snowfall amount near coast is larger than that over distance sea in simulation with RTG SST. The difference of snowfall amount between numerical assessment with RTG and OSTIA is induced from the fine difference of SST spatial distributions over the Yellow sea. So, the prediction accuracy of snowfall amount is strongly associated with the SST distribution not only over near coast but also over far from the western coast of the Korean peninsula.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권2B호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

본 연구는 5개의 대설지역을 울릉도(a), 영동북부(b), 서태백산맥(c), 소백산맥북서부(d), 남해안(e)으로 구분하여 30년(1980-2010)동안의 최심신적설자료를 이용하여 시공간적 경향성을 분석하였다. 30년 동안의 적설량과 빈도를 분석한 결과, c와 d의 일부지역에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 1980년부터 2000년까지의 기간(A)과 1990년부터 2010년까지의 기간(B)으로 구분하여 공간적 경향성을 비교한 결과, A에서 B기간까지 대설경보의 빈도수는 c와 d지역의 일부 지역에서 B기간 동안 감소한 경향을 명확하게 나타내었다. 연평균 적설량은 A기간부터 B기간까지 b지역이 증가하는 동안 d지역은 감소하여 지역간 큰 격차가 나타난 것으로 분석하였다.

• 대기
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.577-589
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• 2015

An unusual long-period and heavy snowfall occurred in the Yeongdong region from 6 to 14 February 2014. This event produced snowfall total of 194.8 cm and the recordbreaking 9-day snowfall duration in the 103-year local record at Gangneung. In this study, satellite-derived cloud-top brightness temperatures from the infrared channel in the atmospheric window ($10{\mu}m{\sim}11{\mu}m$) are examined to find out the characteristics of clouds related with this heavy snowfall event. The analysis results reveal that a majority of precipitation is related with the low-level stratiform clouds whose cloud-top brightness temperatures are distributed from -15 to $-20^{\circ}C$ and their standard deviations over the analysis domain (${\sim}1,000km^2$, 37 satellite pixels) are less than $2^{\circ}C$. It is also found that in the above temperature range precipitation intensity tends to increase with colder temperature. When the temperatures are warmer than $-15^{\circ}C$, there is no precipitation or light precipitation. Furthermore this relation is confirmed from the examination of some other heavy snowfall events and light precipitation events which are related with the low-level stratiform clouds. This precipitation-brightness temperature relation may be explained by the combined effect of ice crystal growth processes: the maximum in dendritic ice-crystal growth occurs at about $-15^{\circ}C$ and the activation of ice nuclei begins below temperatures from approximately -7 to $-16^{\circ}C$, depending on the composition of the ice nuclei.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2001

각 지역의 겨울철 강수인 눈의 산성도와 화학적 조성과 산림지역의 임내ㆍ외 강설의 특성을 비교 분석하고자 대관령 지역(강원도 평창군 도암면 횡계리) 운교 지역(강원도 평창군 방림면 운교리)을 대상으로 강설을 채취하여 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 지역의 강설을 채취하여 적설량과 pH의 관계를 보면, 두 지역 모두 적설량이 적을 때는 pH의 변화 분포가 크게 나타났으며, 적설량이 증가할수록 pH가 안정되는 경향을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 강우현상에 있어 국지적인 환경에 따른 대기중의 부유물질 중에서 산성물질의 흡착비율이 달라짐을 의미함과 동시에 광역적으로 분포하는 산성물질의 유입도 고려해야 한다는 연구(나춘기와 정재일, 1997)와 유사한 것으로 강설의 경우에도 적용할 수 있다고 판단하였다. 2. 각 조사 지역의 강설 중 임외 강설과 임내 강설의 이온농도 변화는 전체적으로 임내에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이 중에서 양이온의 경우는 $Ca^{2+}$, 음이온은 NO$_{3}$$^{-}$, SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$ , Cl$^{-}$ 모두가 증가의 양상을 보였다. 3. 이러한 결과를 기초로 하여 각 이온농도간의 편차와 상호관계를 파악하기 위해서 각 이온간의 상관성과 요인분석을 실시하여 비교하는 것이 각 지역 강설의 화학적 특성을 구명할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2015

Characteristics of snowfall and snow crystal habits have been investigated in the campaign of Experiment on Snow Storms At Yeongdong (ESSAY) using radiosonde soundings, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and a digital camera with a magnifier for taking a photograph of snowfall crystals. The analysis period is 6 to 14 February 2014, when the accumulated snowfall amount is 192.8 cm with the longest snowfall duration of 9 days. The synoptic situations are similar to those of the previous studies such as the Low pressure system passing by the far South of the Korean peninsula along with the Siberian High extending to northern Japan, which eventually results in the northeasterly or easterly flows and the long-lasting snowfall episodes in the Yeongdong region. In general, the ice clouds tended to exist below around 2~3 km with the consistent easterly flows, and the winds shifted to northerly~northwesterly above the clouds layer. The snow crystal habits observed in the ESSAY campaign were mainly dendrite, consisting of 70% of the entire habits. The rimed habits were frequently captured when two-layered clouds were observed, probably through the process of freezing of super-cooled droplets on the ice particles. The homogeneous habit such as dendrite was shown in case of shallow clouds with its thickness of below 500 m whereas various habits were captured such as dendrites, rimed dendrites, aggregates of dendrites, plates, rimed plates, etc in the thick cloud with its thickness greater than 1.5 km. The dendrites appeared to be dominant in the condition of cloud top temperature specifically ranging $-12{\sim}-16^{\circ}C$. However, the association of snow crystal habits with temperature and super-saturation in the cloud could not be examined in the current study. Better understandings of characteristics of snow crystal habits would contribute to preventing breakdown accidents such as a greenhouse destruction and collapse of a temporary building due to heavy snowfall, and traffic accidents due to snow-slippery road condition, providing a higher-level weather information of snow quality for skiers participating in the winter sports, and estimating more accurate snowfall amount, location, and duration with the fallspeed of solid precipitation.