• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1998

국내 자본시장의 개방으로 주가변동에 따른 위험분산 외국의 단기성자금에 의한 국내증권시장의 교란을 억제하고 투자활성화를 위해 도입된 주가지수선물의 헤징은 다른 종류의 금융선물 및 상품선물거래 도입을 촉진하게 될 것이고 이는 결국 국내 금융기관 국제경쟁력을 높이고 우리 금융시장 선진화를 앞당기는데 기여할 것이다. 또한 위험분산기능과가격발전기능을 통해 경제안정과 경제활동 원활화에도 큰 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. 결국주가지수선물시대가 열림에 따라 국내 주식시장에 따라 지수편입종목의 거래량 확대, 선물지수의 변동으로 초래될 주식시장의 변화에 대해서도 보다 높은 관심을 가져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1273-1285
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the some physicochemical (proximate composition, pH and $a_w$ values) and reconstitution (wettability, dispersibility and solubility index (SI)) properties of spray-dried bone broth powder (BBP) along with the effects of the addition of different carrier agents. Subsequently, the powdered products were stored to determine the storage stability (pH, lipid oxidation, color, browning index) for 3 mon at $-18^{\circ}C$. For this purpose, firstly marrow-containing bones (Os femur and Os humerus) have been boiled to get the bone broth. Three different emulsions were respectively prepared (1) 20% maltodextrin (MD) added BBP, (2) 20% whey powder isolate (WPI) added BBP and (3) 10% MD and 10% WPI added BBP and the emulsions were dried using a spray-dryer with $185^{\circ}C$ inlet and $95^{\circ}C$ outlet temperature. The proximate composition and reconstitution properties of BBP were found statistically different (p<0.05) depending on the use of different carrier agents. MD added BBP showed uniform and smooth morphology. The color, browning index, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and pH values of BBP significantly changed (p<0.05) during storage. In conclusion, both the results of physicochemical and storage period analyses showed that the most suitable encapsulation material in the production of the bone broth powder is MD.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2003

In applications such as MEMS and NEMS devices, the adhesion force and contact load may be of the same order of magnitude and the static friction coefficient can be very large. Such large coefficient may result in unacceptable and possibly catastrophic adhesion, stiction, friction and wear. To obtain the static friction coefficient of contacting real surfaces without the assumption of an empirical coefficient value, numerical simulations of the contact load, tangential force, and adhesion force are preformed. The surfaces in dry contact are statistically modeled by a collection of spherical asperities with Gaussian height distribution. The asperity micro-contact model utilized in calculation (the ZMC model), considers the transition from elastic deformation to fully plastic flow of the contacting asperity. The force approach of the modified DMT model using the Lennard-Jones attractive potential is applied to characterize the intermolecular forces. The effect of the surface topography on the static friction coefficient is investigated for cases rough, intermediate, smooth, and very smooth, respectively. Results of the static friction coefficient versus the external force are presented for a wide range of plasticity index and surface energy, respectively. Compared with those obtained by the GW and CEB models, the ZMC model is more complete in calculating the static friction coefficient of rough surfaces.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

본 논문은 스테레오 정합(stereo matching)과 마칭큐브(marching cube)알고리즘을 통합하는 효과적인 알고리즘을 제안한다. 여러 각도에서 획득한 영상에 대해 스테레오 정합 기술을 적용하여 3차원 형상 데이타를 획득하고 카메라 외부 파라미터를 이용하여 결합하였다. 결합된 데이타를 영상 색인을 이용하여 메쉬로 재구성한 다음 각 점에 해당하는 법선벡터를 획득하고 메쉬 평탄화(mesh smooth)의 과정을 거쳐서 데이타를 부드럽게 처리하였다. 본 논문은 3차원 메쉬 재구성에 대한 일련의 과정 및 기술을 서술하였으며, 기존의 마칭큐브 알고리즘에서 생기는 3차원 데이타의 불안정에 대한 문제를 중간 등위면(iso-surface) 알고리즘을 제안하여 개선하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 1988

In order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of intracellular calcium ion concentrations, contractions or contractures induced by $Na^{+}-removal$, calcium-application or ouabain-treatment as an index of $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange activity were studied in atrial muscle or vascular smooth muscle (aorta and renal artery) of the rabbit. The magnitude of low sodium contractures in atrial trabeculae increased with sigmoid shape when external sodium concentrations were reduced to sodium-free condition, whereas that of calcium contracture intensified in a parabolic pattern when external calcium concentrations were elevated to 8 mM. $Na^{+}-removal$ contractures were induced in a duration-dependent manner to $K^{+}-free$ exposure and same findings were observed with ouabain treatment. $Na^{+}-free$ contractures were not affected by verapamil treatment, but stimulated by $100{\mu}M\;Mn^{2+}$ and inhibited by high concentrations of $Mn^{2+}\;(2{\sim}8mM)$ in a dose-dependent manner. Ryanodine which is known to suppress the release of calcium from internal store abolished spontaneous twitch contractions induced by $K^{+}-free$ solution, but had no effect on the development $Na^{+}-free$ contractures. Na-free contractures were not always induced in vascular smooth muscle preparations. Contractures by $O\;mM\;Na^+$ were usually seen in aorta, but not often in renal artery.$50\;mM\;K^+$, noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II (AII) always evoked very large contraction in all preparations of vascular smooth muscle. Contractures developed by $O\;mM\;Na^+$ were not sensitive to verapamil treatment as in atrial trabeculae, but were abolished by $100{\mu}M\;Mn^{2+}$. In contrast to $Na^{+}-free$ contractures, $Mn^{2+}(100{\mu}M)$ had no effect on the contractures induced by NA or 50 mM$K^+$. Caffeine in the concentration of 10 mM evoked transient contracture in the distal renal artery. The rate of spontaneous relaxation in caffeine contracture was dependent upon the concentrations of external sodium, and had double component of relaxation when the rate of relaxation was plotted in the semilogarithmic scale of relative tension versus time. Especially late components of relaxation had more direct relation to $Na^+$ concentrations. It could be concluded that $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange mechanism in the heart has a large capacity, inhibited by $Mn^{2+}$ but not by verapamil and ryanodine, while $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchange system in vascular smooth muscle has a very low capacity especially in small artery, inhibited by low concentration of $Mn^{2+}\;(100{\mu}M)$ but not affected by verapamil and ryanodine.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.847-855
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• 2014

We developed a highly refractive index planarization layer showing a very smooth surface for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) light extraction, and we successfully prepared a highly efficient white OLED device with an embossed nano-structure and highly refractive index planarization layers. White OLEDs act as an internal out-coupling layer. We used a spin-coating method and two types of $TiO_2$ solutions for a planarization of the embossed nano-structure on a glass substrate. The first $TiO_2$ solution was $TiO_2$ sol, which consists of $TiO_2$ colloidal particles in an acidic aqueous solution and several organic additives. The second solution was an organic and inorganic hybrid solution of $TiO_2$. The surface roughness ($R_a$) and refractive index of the $TiO_2$ planarization films on a flat glass were 0.4 nm and 2.0 at 550 nm, respectively. The J-V characteristics of the OLED including the embossed nano-structure and the $TiO_2$ planarization film were almost the same as those of an OLED with a flat glass, and the luminous efficacy of the aforementioned OLED was enhanced by 34% compared to that of an OLED with a flat glass.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

1. Objectives Our goal is to observe the feasibility of constitution discrimination from computing quantitative roughness index from dynamic friction coefficients and their gradients with the measurement device of skin friction with 3-Axis load cell sensor. 2. Methods In the traditional Korean medicine, skin diagnosis is one of the examination methods to discriminate Sasang constitution since it was known that Tae-eumin has rough skin, and Soyangin has smooth one. It is based on the skin roughness on the back of one's hand for the discrimination. The measurement device of skin friction with 3-axis load cell sensor has been developed in order to provide quantitative skin roughness through dynamic friction coefficients. The effective interval of the coefficients is obtained from the automatic sampling algorithm to use their curvature and slope. Then, Fisher's discriminant function of them makes the discrimination. 3. Results The success rate of extracting the effective interval was about 90% and the discriminant accuracy between Tae-eumin and Soyangin was 70% and 68% for men and women, respectively. The entire methods showed the possibility to distinguish between Tae-eumin and Soyangin by using stochastic properties of roughness index, which can make the entire system to include the measurement, the computation of the roughness index and the discrimination of constitution automatical. 4. Conclusions The measurement device, the automatic sampling algorithm of dynamic friction coefficients and the constitution discrimination algorithm were developed, respectively, and their combination can become the serial and automatic procedure for quantitative and objective skin diagnosis, which mimics the movement of the Oriental medical doctors' skin diagnosis. It can be applied to healthcare as well as the diagnosis of constitution in a u-Health system soon.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2011

Flour and isolated starch from chickpea (desi type, 328S-8) were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and physicochemical properties. The protein content, total starch content and apparent amylose content of chickpea flour and isolated starch were 22.2% and 0.6%, 45.8% and 91.5%, and 11.7% and 35.4%, respectively. Chickpea starch granules had an oval to round shape with a smooth surface. The X-ray diffraction pattern of chickpea starch was of the C-type and relative crystallinity was 24.6%. Chickpea starch had only a single endothermic transition (13.3 J/g) in the DSC thermogram, whereas chickpea flour showed two separate endothermic transitions corresponding to starch gelatinization (5.1 J/g) and disruption of the amylose-lipid complex (0.7 J/g). The chickpea flour had a significantly lower pasting viscosity without breakdown due to low starch content and interference of other components. The chickpea starch exhibited significant high setback in the viscogram. The average branch chain length, proportion of short branch chain (DP 6~12), and long branch chains (DP${\geq}$37) of isolated chickpea starch were 20.1, 20.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) contents of chickpea flour and starch were 9.9% and 21.5%, 28.7% and 57.7%, and 7.1% and 9.3%, respectively. The expected glycemic index (eGI) of chickpea flour (39.5), based on the hydrolysis index, was substantially lower than that of isolated chickpea starch (69.2).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1193-1196
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• 2016

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the commonest malignancy in the lower gastrointestinal tract in both men and women. It is the third leading cause of cancer-dependent death in the world. In Iran the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased during the last 25 years. Materials and Methods: In this article we analyzed the survival of 447 colorectal patients of Taleghani hospital in Tehran using parametric competing-risks models. The cancers of these patients were diagnosed during 1985 - 2012 and followed up to 2013. The purpose was to assess the association between survival of patients with colorectal cancer in the presence of competing-risks and prognostic factors using parametric models. The analysis was carried out using R software version 3.0.2. Results: The prognostic variables included in the model were age at diagnosis, tumour site, body mass index and sex. The effect of age at diagnosis and body mass index on survival time was statistically significant. The median survival for Iranian patients with colorectal cancer is about 20 years. Conclusions: Survival function based on Weibull model compared with Kaplan-Meier survival function is smooth. Iranian data suggest a younger age distribution compared to Western reports for CRC.