• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.685-694
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• 1998

This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the changes of plasma cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk factors in Korea. Overnight fasting plasma levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose were analyzed. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were also measured. Health practice factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption and frequency fo exercise were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. Questions regarding dietary habits and food preferences were also asked. Seventy eight percent of the subjects had more than one CVD risk factor. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased according to the subjects body mass index$(kg/m^2$, BMI), whereas HDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol and blood pressure showed no significant differences with BMI. Current smokers had significantly high plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Alcohol consumption significantly increased plasma total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar, but regular exercise had no effects on the plasma CVD risk factors. Overeating and frequency of fast food consumption were positively correlated with the CVD risk score, whereas intake of grains, meats and vegetables were negatively correlated with that score. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific dietary factors on plasma lipid levels. For plasma total cholesterol level, the frequency of fast food intake explained 8% of the variance, followed by habitual overeating, frequency of grain intake and high cholesterol food intake(Model $R^2$=22.4%). For plasma triacylglycerol level, preference of oily foods accounted for 7.5% of the variance, followed by eating breakfast, preference of fruit and frequency of grain intake(Model $R^2$=22.0%). The findings suggest that intervention programs to reduce the risk of CVD should focus on health practice through reducing BMI, smoking cessation and moderate or no alcohol drinking. Moreover, desirable dietary habits such as eating breakfast, not overeating and reduced intake of fast food may improve CVD risk.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2007

Purpose: To identify the compliance level with therapeutic regimen among patients with hypertension residing in rural communities. Method: A descriptive-retrospective research design was employed. One hundred patients with hypertension using 8 Primary Health Care Posts under W Public Health Center were randomly recruited on the basis of being over 35 years of age. After obtaining written consent, the patients underwent direct interviews with a structured questionnaire carried out by 8 public health practitioners. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were utilized. Results: In a binary logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and occupation, those who were receiving medication (OR=5.34), were undergoing a weight control program (OR=4.45), restricted alcohol (OR=9.93), or smoking cessation (OR=25.59) as recommended by medical or health professionals were more compliant (p<.05) while those under a low salt diet, exercise, and stress management were not significant statistically (p>.05). Conclusions: Further research should be conducted to validate these findings so as to facilitate the development of nursing intervention strategies for improving the compliance of hypertensive patients in respect to medication and life style modification.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine late-onset hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, depression, and quality of life among middle-aged male workers. Methods: The subjects included 343 men aged between 40 and 64, responded to self-report questionnaires on general characteristics, late-onset hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, depression, and quality of life. Data were collected from May 16, 2012 to October 9, 2012 and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $x^2$-test, hierarchical multiple regression. Result: The prevalence rate of late-onset hypogonadism was 63.8% with high points in reduction of libido, energy, physical strength and endurance, and erectile function. There were significant differences in late-onset hypogonadism according to age($x^2$=8.98, p=.048) and in erectile dysfunction according to age(F=11.03, p<.001), monthly income(F=2.84, p=.024) and smoking( t=2.96, p=.018). Significant differences were also found in depression according to educational level(F=8.12, p<.001) and in quality of life according to monthly income(F=7.21, p<.001). The factors which influenced quality of life were late-onset hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, depression, marital status and religion. Conclusion: Symptoms of erectile dysfunction can be improved by smoking cessation education program. In order to improve the life quality of middle-aged men, nursing intervention programs that would both provide proper knowledge on climacteric syndrome and alleviate symptoms should be designed while, at the same time, other programs to evaluate, prevent and control depression are developed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.157-171
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• 1999

This paper analyzed health practices of students in an university in Chollabukdo Province. It attempted to study how many university students had what kinds of health practices. Furthermore, it tried to find out what are the major problems in health practice among university students. To study health practices of university students, this study sampled 1,469 students randomly. Many of the students had poor practices of teeth care. In tooth-brushing, many students (35.8%) brushed their teeth before breakfast in the morning. Most of the students (95% or more) visit dental clinic only when they had problem(s) in their teeth. For weights, there exists a great gap between perception and BMI (Body Mass Index), especially among female students. Among the female students who perceived their weights were above average, 96.4% of them were normal according to BMI. Many of the students were drinking greater amount of alcohol than safe amount suggested by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The proportion of the students drinking harmful or hazardous amount of alcohol were 79.5% of the male students and 74.9% of the female students. It suggests that health promotion fund or tax need to be levied on alcohol to frustrate unhealthful drinking. More than half (59.0%) of the male students and about 6.0% of the female students were smoking cigarettes. The smoking initiation ages were 17.8 for male and 18.2 for female students. It means that many of the students started smoking in their junior high or high schools. It implies that smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs need to be emphasized in these schools. For perception on sex, 27.8% of the male students and 60.9% of the female students thought to keep their virginity before their marriage. The female students were more conservative in perception on sex. The average number of sexual intercourses per year of male students was 17.0 times with their lovers, 7.9 times with prostitutes, and 7.0 times with maids. The female students had sexual intercourses 5.0 times with their lovers and 4.0 times with waiters per year. The proportion of students who had experience of sexual intercourse with homosexual partners was 1.0%. The finding this study was that the university students were vulnerable to poor health practices. It is suggested that public health intervention program be provided for university students to keep them in good healthy lifestyle.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The causative role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in human carcinogenesis is undisputed. Measurements of PAH-DNA adduct levels in easily accessible white blood cells therefore represent useful early endpoints in exposure intervention of chemoprevention studies. The successful applicability of DNA adducts as early endpoints depends on several criteria:i.adduct levels in easily accessible surrogate tissues should reflect adduct levels in target-tissues, ii. toxicokinetics and the temporal relevance should be properly defined.iii. sources of inter- and intra-individual variability must be known and controllable, and finally iv. adduct analyses must have advantages as compared to other markers of PAH-exposure. In general, higher DNA adduct levels or a higher proportion of subjects with detectable DNA adduct levels were found in exposed individuals as compared with non-exposed subjects, but saturation may occur at high exposures. Furthermore, DNA adduct levels varied according to changes in exposure, for example smoking cessation resulted in lower DNA adduct levels and adduct levels paralleled seasonal variations of air-pollution. Intra-individual variation during continuous exposure was low over a short period of time (weeks), but varied significantly when longer time periods (months) were investigated. Inter-individual variation is currently only partly explained by genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in PAH-metabolism and deserves further investigation. DNA adduct measurement may have three advantages over traditional exposure assessment: i. they can smooth the extreme variability in exposure which is typical for environmental toxicants and may integrate exposure over a longer period of time. Therefore, DNA adduct assessment may reduce the monitoring effort. ii. Biological monitoring of DNA adducts accounts for all exposure routes. iii. DNA adducts may account for inter-individual differences in uptake, elimination, distribution, metabolism and repair amongst exposed individuals. In conclusion, there is now a sufficiently large scientific basis to justify the application of DNA adduct measurement as biomarkers in exposure assessment and intervention studies. Their use in risk-assessment, however, requires further investigation.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the level of disease related knowledge, compliance of health behavior, and educational needs in relation to time (at discharge and 6 months after discharge) among patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Data were collected from January 1, 2006 to September 30, 2006 and a total of 60 patients participated in the study. The survey was conducted in patients underwent PCI at the time of discharge right after discharge education was provided and at a follow up visit which was 6 months after discharge. Results: The level of disease related knowledge (p<.001), the compliance of health behavior (p<.001), educational need (p=.496), the sub-item of sexual life (p<.001), follow up (p<.001), diet (p=.021), stress (p<.001) in compliance of health behavior, and the sub-item of specific character of disease in educational needs (p=.015) were significantly different between discharge and 6 months after discharge. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that further education should be provided to the patients underwent PCI regarding medication, smoking cessation, daily life and exercise at a time of 6 months after discharge in order to increase patient compliance of health behavior.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2017

본 연구는 ROTC 후보생의 비흡연자와 흡연자간의 체력측정, 자아존중감, 조직몰입과 변혁적 리더십의 정도를 비교하여 검증함으로써, 흡연하는 ROTC 후보생의 금연실천을 높일 수 있는 프로그램 개발에 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다. 연구 대상자는 P시와 K도에 소재한 12개 대학교의 ROTC 후보생 3, 4학년 남학생 425명을 대상으로 하였으며, 2017년 5월 1일부터 6월 23일까지 자료 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 23.0 program을 이용하여 ${\chi}^2-test$, Independent t-test, Pearson 상관계수(correlation coefficient)로 분석하였다. 연구결과 흡연군이 비흡연군 보다 체력측정의 3km 달리기(t=3.26, p=.046)에서 통계적으로 유의하게 느리게 나타났으며, 자아존중감(t=1.06, p=.003), 조직몰입(t=2.57, p<.001)과 변혁적 리더십(t=3.98, p<.001)은 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 비흡연군과 흡연군 모두 자아존중감, 조직몰입과 변혁적 리더십 간에는 양(+)의 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과 흡연하는 ROTC 후보생의 건강증진을 위해 금연을 실천하기 위해서는 자아존중감, 조직몰입과 변혁적 리더십을 높일 수 있는 효율적인 교육 및 중재프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of current study were to assess the inhaler competency and medication adherence, and to identify association of inhaler competency with medication adherence in patients with obstructive lung disease. Methods: We did a secondary analysis of the Hanyang Obstructive Pulmonary Evaluation data in a single institution from June 2014 to April 2015 after an approval of Institutional Review Board. A total of 150 patients with asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease participated in the study. Inhaler competency was evaluated accuracy in each step for using metered dose inhaler. Medication adherence was calculated using actually dispensed doses based on the prescribed inhaler doses. Results: Older adults (${\geq}65$) had lower competency in using inhaler (66.7 vs 83.3, z=-4.52, p<.001) and poorer medication adherence (67.7 vs 91.8, $x^2=14.06$, p<.001) than adults (<65). Inhaler competency was associated with medication adherence (p=.26, p=.001). Surprisingly, more than 50% of patients were current smokers. Conclusion: Inhaler competency and medication adherence were lower in older adults with obstructive lung disease than those in adult-age patients. Therefore, an individual education program for older patients should be developed to improve the rates of proper use of inhalers. Nursing management for obstructive lung disease should focus on developing behavioral intervention strategies for smoking cessation.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2000

이 연구는 일개 군 지역 농촌주민을 대상으로 한 건강증진사업 접근전략 개발을 위하여 흡연, 음주 및 운동에 대한 행태를 단계별로 그 분포를 기술함으로써 향후 건강증진사업의 기획과 평가에 적용 및 효율적이고 효과적인 건강증진사업의 접근전략 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 조사의 대상자는 옥천군의 30세 이상 주민 중 남성 384명(43.1%), 여성 508명(56.9%)이었다. 조사는 1999년 8월중 6일간 다단계 추출법으로 선정된 세대별로 구조화된 면담지를 이용한 직접 방문조사를 통하여 이루어졌다. 사용된 설문지는 사회인구학적 조사변수로는 성, 연령, 학력, 직업, 총수입, 결혼상태 등을 포함하였으며, 흡연과 음주 그리고 운동은 행동변화 6단계로 측정하였다. 흡연경력자의 흡연의 행동수정 변화 6단계의 분포는 남자인 경우, 계획전 단계에 50.6%, 계획 단계에 32.5%인데 반해 여자의 경우 계획전 단계 60.6%, 계획 단계 28.8%로 계획전 단계와 계획단계에 집중된 분포 양상이었다. 음주 경력자에서는 남자인 경우 계획전 단계가 72.8%, 계획단계 19.3%였으며, 여자의 경우 계획전 단계 80.3%, 계획단계 15.5%로 계획전 단계의 분포가 집중되어 있었다. 운동의 경우에도 남자가 계획전 단계가 80.6%, 유지단계 1.8%, 완료단계가 10.2%였으며, 여자의 경우 계획전 단계 87.6%, 유지단계 1.2%, 완료단계 5.3%로 계획전 단계에서는 여성이 더 높았으나 준비단계 이상의 긍정적인 단계에서는 남자가 더 많아 성별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 성인들에서의 건강증진의 접근전략에서 위험요인별로 각기 다른 단계별 전략이 개발되어야 함을 시사하였다. 또한 특히 흡연, 음주, 운동의 건강증진 전략은 계획전 단계가 일차적으로 목표되어야 한다. 흡연과 음주 그리고 운동의 행동수정 변화 단계간에 유의한 일치도는 없었으나 상관 분석에서는 흡연과 음주, 음주와 운동이 유의한 상관을 다변수 분석에서 운동과 음주, 운동과 흡연간에 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 따라서 행동수정의 단계적 변화론 모형의 건강행태 측정에서 그 타당도가 재확인 되어야하며, 이러한 행동수정의 단계별 변화론의 적용결과는 추후 중재연구의 전향적 추적조사를 통하여 검정되어 건강행위로의 가능한 출입구(gateway)가 밝혀져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1047-1057
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• 2016

본 연구는 남자 대학생을 대상으로 음주 동기, 음주거절효능감, 음주결과기대 및 고위험음주의 관계를 파악하고 고위험음주에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하기 위하여 시도되었다. 본 연구의 대상자는 D광역시 소재 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 남자대학생으로 본 연구의 목적을 이해하고 연구 참여를 동의한 139명이었다. 구조화된 설문지로 일반적 특성, 음주 동기, 음주거절효능감, 음주결과기대, 음주량을 통한 고위험음주를 측정하였다. 연구결과 학년, 학과, 흡연 상태, 음주 동기 하위 영역 중 고양 동기, 음주거절효능감 하위 영역 중 사회적 압력 상황에서 음주거절효능감이 고위험음주에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 대학생을 위한 고위험음주 예방을 위한 중재 전략을 수립할 때 학과별 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 교육이 필요하며 흡연 관리가 포함되어야 할 것이다. 고위험음주에 유의한 영향을 미치는 흡연에 대한 금연교육과 함께 음주로 인해 발생할 수 있는 부정적 측면에 대한 교육과 건전한 방법으로 정서를 조절하는 전략이 요구된다.