• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.602-607
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• 2017

The development of science and technology has increased the average life expectancy and resulted in a significant increase in the elderly population. Due to the preponderance of the nuclear family in modern society and the weakening of the spirit of filial piety and respect for the elderly caused by the influence of Western civilization, elderly people are usually not living with their family, but have become dependent on elderly care facilities and, consequently, the number of elderly care facilities has increased significantly. On May 28, 2014, a fire occurred in the elderly care facilities in Jangseong, South Jeolla Province, and despite the rapid extinction of the fire by firefighters, 21 of the 28 casualties died due to smoke inhalation. This study was conducted for the purpose of providing measures to prevent smoke from entering into the rooms from which elderly people have difficulty evacuating in the case of fire. The use of the air curtain method to prevent smoke inflow was proposed and an experiment was conducted in which smoke was generated with a smoke generator. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that more than 90% of the smoke inflow was blocked if the door was closed in the room where the air curtain was installed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

Amid the growing number of high-rise complex buildings in Korea, efficient smoke prevention technology in a fire is required and as an alternative of a mechanical smoke control system in high-rise buildings, the use of a smoke control system using sandwich pressurization has been on the rise. In such a system, the appropriate pressure difference and the data for designing the air supply and exhaust flow rate are necessary to prevent the spread of smoke and offer a tenable evacuation environment. As part of such effort, this paper presents a field test process and result after testing a building where such a smoke control system using sandwich pressurization has been installed. A ventilation rate of 6 cycles per hour were applied to simulate the air exhaust flow rate on a fire floor and the air supply flow rate on the floors above and below the fire floor. As a result of the system operation, pressure difference of approximately 260 Pa between the 12th floor of a fire and the 13th floor was generated. The over pressure of the experiment has a serious effect on the evacuation or fire compartment so that it is necessary to examine the improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.284-289
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• 2019

The Korea Foldable safe pathway system is an evacuation support system to get temporary evacuation route in railway tunnel and large space fires. A prevention smoke screen is unfolded in fires and it is needed to prevent heat and smoke from fire source. Therefore, ventilation system for positive pressure condition is equipped with foldable safe pathway system. Numerical analyses of temperature and pressure distribution with distance from fire source were performed considering fire scenario of new train vehicle. The smoke temperatures did not exceed $200^{\circ}C$ that distance from the fire source was more than 20 m and smoke pressure was reduced with distance from fire source. Maximum smoke pressure was 14 Pa and average pressure was 6 Pa in position of prevention smoke screen. As results, to install foldable safe pathway system, ventilation system is need to maintain 6 Pa positive pressure condition.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.539-552
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• 2022

In the case of train stations, due to the specificity of underground spaces with limited smoke emissions, if appropriate removal equipment is not equipped, the damage caused by fire smoke may increase in the event of a fire. As a result, the need for measures to ensure the safety of evacuation of underground stations has been highlighted, and research for safe evacuation of platform users in case of fire is continuously being conducted at home and abroad. However, although the smoke removal area is currently divided by smoke boundary walls and platform screen doors (PSD) and installed in the train platform, standards for smoke removal methods (air supply or exhaust) for each fire removal area, that is, smoke removal mode, are not presented. In this study, fire analysis and evacuation analysis were performed to estimate the number of deaths and to derive F/N guidance in order to quantitatively evaluate the fire risk according to the fire station fire, and the total risk was the lowest in the case of fire area exhaust and supply to adjacent areas.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.110-119
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• 2009

A fire should be accompanied by the heat and smoke. However, smoke is considered main cause of heavy casualties. Smoke easily spreads away from the fire area to remote space and cause mortal wound for the resident. A technical way effectively protecting the life and property from the smoke is the smoke control system of the building. Pressurized air supply system can be considered to prevent the refuge area from the smoke infiltration that evacuate residents via evacuation route for life safety. This paper is related with performance estimation and the effectiveness of the pressurized air supply system through experiments.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.293-310
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present the most effective smoke exhaust mode by comparing the quantitatively evaluated risks according to the smoke exhaust mode when a train fire occurs in a subway platform. Therefore, applying the typical subway platform as a model, train fire scenarios are developed with the evacuation start time and location of the fire train for each exhaust mode. The fire accident rates (F) are calculated and the number of fatalities (N) was quantitatively estimated by fire analysis and evacuation analysis for each scenario. In addition, the F/N curve compared with the social risk assessment criteria and the following conclusions were obtained. In the event of a train fire at the subway station platform, the evacuation must start up within 600 s in maximum to ensure the evacuees' safety. To secure evacuation safety, it is advantageous to operate the HVAC system of the platform in the air-supply mode at station without TVF. Comparing the F/N curve for each exhaust mode with the social risk criteria, it turned out that the risk significantly exceeds the social risk criteria in case of no mechanical ventilation. As a result, this paper shows that the ventilation mode in which TVF are exhausted and HVAC system is operated in the pressurized mode are the most effective smoke exhaust mode for ensuring evacuation safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2020

The emergency evacuation support system provides a safe means of evacuation by preventing the inflow of smoke through the formation of a smoke shield curtain in fire situations and pressurizing fresh air to the inside of the smoke shield curtain. In this study, numerical analysis was performed to examine the effects of the hole size on the flow inside the smoke curtain. As the air supply size decreased, the flow rate through the air supply was formed relatively uniformly from the inlet to the outlet length of the emergency support system. In addition, the size of the air supply hole was more than 20 mm, the flow rate was very low near the outlet, so the air supply hole size should be smaller than 20 mm. In addition, the minor loss of the air supply hole was calculated to be K = 1.5 from the numerical results. Therefore, the proper design of an emergency evacuation support system is possible using the flow characteristics according to the size and minor loss of the air supply hole.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2019

In case of fire in a compartmentalized building area, a number of casualties are caused by smoke production. Accordingly, openings, penetrations and joints in compartmentalized spaces should be secured not only for fire resistance but also for smoke-proofing. However, domestic test regulations stipulate test methods for refractory performance of penetrations and joints, but do not specify separate deferral performance. In the case of openings, the test for the smoke performance exists at room temperature, but the smoke performance at high temperature is not secured, so countermeasures are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.249-250
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• 2015

This study contemplated the descending air current from the smoke layers related to the smoke logging phenomenon in the Water Mist applied design for effective evacuation safety design. As a result, database on the average particle diameter, particle velocity and distribution of sprinkling was obtained and the relationship between the water amount and particle diameter was obtained. Also Descending smoke velocity was significantly faster to 9.8m/s, it is determined that appeared rapidly by a high water pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.284-288
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• 2010

Length of staircase get longer and evacuation load get heavier in proportion to the building height. Therefore evacuation time could be considered proportional to square of building height. While smoke spreads vertically so rapidly, evacuation speed is too slow, therefore the reasonable measure for the safe of egress route is urgent. Existing pressurizing smoke control system of vertical exit route is seriously limited in function under the stack effect in winter. Stack effect in winter could be overcome with the methods of opening the staircase outward or letting airflow be free between staircase and outside.