• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

Purpose : To investigate the degree of smartphone addiction among health-related college students, and to compare and analyze the effect of the degree of addiction on attention control and interpersonal support. Methods : 184 people who voluntarily participated and agreed to fill out the questionnaire were randomly sampled. The smartphone self-diagnosis scale was used to measure the degree of smartphone addiction, and the Attentional Control Questionnaire (ACQ) was used as a tool to measure the degree of attention control. In addition, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) was used to measure the degree of interpersonal support. Results : In comparison of the degree of smartphone addiction according to the general characteristics of the subjects, there was no significant difference according to religion, major, and grade, but there was a significant difference in gender and daily use time of smartphones (p <.05). There was a significant difference in the degree of attention control according to the level of smartphone addiction (high risk, potential risk, general user group) (p <.05), but there was no significant difference in the degree of interpersonal support. Conclusion : The degree of smartphone addiction was relatively higher for women than for men, and users who used it for a long time per day were more addicted. It also showed that attention control was further reduced in highly addictive users.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2015

Objectives: This descriptive study was aimed to investigate the related factors of smartphone addiction among preschool children. Methods: The subject of study was 186 smartphone using mothers with children between 3 to 6 years old in Busan. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires from July to November, 2013 at nurseries, preschools, and cultural center. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: 79.6% of children have ever used smartphone and mean smartphone addiction of them were 26.77 based on 60 points. The related factors of smartphone addiction among children were the children's smartphone usage time per day (less than 0.5 hours vs 0.5-0.9 hours (p=0.004), less than 0.5 hours vs more than 1.0 hours (p<0.001), mother's smartphone addiction (p<0.001), and perceived mother's permission level compared to other children's mothers (p=0.004), which 3 factors explained 39% of variance of smartphone addiction of children. Conclusions: Considering the related factors of smartphone addiction among preschool children, mothers should recognize the importance of the their use smartphone and attitude toward smartphone use of children, and take measure to limit children's excessive use of smartphone.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2015

As smartphone usage has increased recently, so has smartphone addiction. Many of the smartphone users, however, do not even recognize the risk of smartphone addiction. In this experiment, smartphone users have been categorized into two groups by smartphone addiction measure (S-measure) developed by 2011 National Information Society Agency (NIA): A high risk group and a normal group. The changes of brain waves have been observed when the subjects were watching emotional videos of anger, sadness, happiness, and fear. The results show that the values of FP1 and FP2 (frontal lobe) theta band of the high risk group have been measured to be high, which indicate anxiety disorder. Although happiness and fear videos showed no difference between these groups, sadness and anger videos showed significantly different results for these groups: the brain waves of the high risk group showed higher values than those of the normal group. Therefore, this experiment showed that the high risk group takes feelings of sadness and anger more sensitively than the normal group.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between perceived smartphone addiction and physical and mental health among female college students. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire to measure perceived smartphone addiction and physical and mental health of 314 female students attending a college located in D city from April 9 to May, 31, 2019. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 𝑥² test, t-test and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 18. Results: The respondents were classified into two groups, the perceived smartphone addiction group (29.3%) and the perceived smartphone non-addiction group (70.7%). Perceived smartphone addiction was significantly different according to daily smartphone usage time (p<.001), smartphone usage fee (p=.005), most satisfying thing about using smartphones (p=.006) and importance of smartphones in daily life (p<.001). The perceived smartphone addiction group had more physical health problems (p=.001) and more mental health problems (p<.001). The factors affecting physical health were perceived smartphone addiction and importance of smartphones in daily life, with 62% of explanatory power (F=10.15, p<.001). As for mental health, the affecting factors were also perceived smartphone addiction and importance of smartphones in daily life, with 87% of explanatory power (F=14.52, p<.001). Conclusion: It is important to raise awareness of smartphone addiction including its negative impact on physical and mental health, reduce smartphone usage time, and build offline social relationships.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

최근 스마트폰의 사용은 전 연령층을 대상으로 급격히 증가하여, 스마트폰 중독 문제를 유발시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인구통계학적 변수들을 중심으로 초등학생의 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향 요인을 분석하였다. 우선 각 요인별 중독군의 분포 차이와 가장 많이 사용하는 스마트폰 기능의 분포 차이를 분석한 결과, 학년과 성적에 따라 가장 큰 중독 사용자군의 분포 차이를 보였으며, 성별, 학년, 성적에 따라 사용기능의 차이를 보였다. 또한 중독 사용자군별 사용기능의 분포 차이도 유의하다고 할 수 있었다. 이에 더하여, 로짓회귀분석과 결정트리를 통해 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 주는 요인들을 분석하였는데, 학년, 성적, 부모의 맞벌이 여부, 거주지역 순으로 영향이 컸다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2015

최근 기술의 발달로 국내에 10명 중 8명은 스마트폰을 사용하고 있다. 또한, 스마트폰을 이용한 다양한 어플리케이션들이 개발되었다. 이로 인해, 스마트폰 중독현상이 사회적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히, 스마트폰 중독은 스스로가 조절하기 어렵고, 자각하기 힘들다. 주로 설문지를 중심으로한 연구들에서, 스마트폰 중독을 진단하기 위해 예를 들면 S-척도와 같은 연구를 수행해왔다. 본 연구에서는 ECG(심전도)와 Eye Gaze 신호를 이용한 검출 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 피험자가 감정 영상을 시청했을 때, 피험자의 ECG 신호와 Eye Gaze 신호를 각각 Shimmer와 스마트아이를 이용하여 측정한다. 더불어, ECG 신호의 S-transform 결과를 특징으로 추출한다. 또한 동공의 직경, 시선과의 거리, 눈 깜빡임으로 구성된 Eye Gaze 신호로부터 12개의 특징을 추출한다. 분류기는 랜덤 포레스트를 이용하여 학습시키고 피험자의 데이터를 이용하여 스마트폰 중독군을 검출한다. 검출한 결과와 실험 전 진행한 S-척도 결과와 비교한 결과 ECG는 87.89%의 정확도, Eye Gaze는 60.25%의 정확도를 보여주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.280-290
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this research is to examine the moderating effects of self-esteem and resilience in the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression among middle school students. Methods: Data were collected from 324 middle school students in D City during the period of July 1st-17th, 2015. Multiple regression analysis, the Baron & Kenny's mediation verification, and Sobel test were conducted to measure the mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience on depression. Results: There were significant correlations among the variables; smartphone addiction, self-esteem, resilience, and depression. Self-esteem had a complete mediating effect (${\beta}=-.40$, p<.001) in the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression (Sobel test: Z=4.68, p<.001). Resilience had a partial mediating effect (${\beta}=-.15$, p<.001) in the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression (Sobel test: Z=2.40, p<.001). Conclusion: This study suggests to apply self-esteem and resilience in developing nursing intervention programs for adolescent depression caused by smartphone addiction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

본 연구는 대학생들의 주관적 웰빙과 스마트폰 중독 간의 관계에서 개인내적 임파워먼트의 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 서울시에 소재한 1개 대학교의 대학생 242명을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 자료는 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 주관적 웰빙과 개인내적 임파워먼트 및 스마트폰 중독 간에 모두 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 주관적 웰빙과 개인내적 임파워먼트는 스마트폰 중독에 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 주관적 웰빙과 스마트폰 중독 간의 관계에서 개인내적 임파워먼트의 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 즉, 개인내적 임파워먼트 수준이 높은 경우가 낮은 경우에 비해 주관적 웰빙이 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 부적 영향을 더욱 강하게 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 추후 스마트폰 중독의 개선을 위한 임파워먼트의 중요성을 논의하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify the status of smartphone addiction among nursing students and to examine the mediating effects of Internet ethics on the relationship between smartphone addiction, physical symptoms and psychological well-being. Methods: Data were collected between May 20 and June 23, 2014. Participants were a convenience sample of 214 nursing students of one university in Seoul. Structured questionnaires were used to measure degree of smartphone addiction, physical symptoms, psychological well-being and Internet ethics. Data was analyzed using Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple hierarchical regression. Results: Of the nursing students, 14.5% had high level of risk of smartphone addiction and 16.8% had potential risk. Higher frequency of physical symptoms and lower level of Internet ethics were related to the higher level of smartphone addiction. Voluntary-control in Internet ethics had mediating effects on the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical symptoms. Conclusion: The results suggest that the level of smartphone addiction may lowered in nursing students by intensifying Internet ethics especially voluntary-control. Based on these findings, Internet ethics program for nursing students should be developed to facilitate the effective use of smartphones.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns of unconsciousness smartphone use by using an app and a self-administered survey on smartphone addiction comparatively and examine differences between recognition and behavior about actual smartphone use and examine how smartphone addiction influences learning. With an app installed in smartphones, this author collected and analyzed data about users' unconsciousness using patterns for a month. According to the results, there were significant differences found in users' recognition and actual time for use and also frequency of turning on the display. Also, 22% of the subjects used their smartphone over 8 hours a day, and 76% more than 5 hours. Over 95% turned on the display more than 100 times a day, and in extreme cases, they did more than 300 times. In the meantime, users not only in the smartphone addiction high risk group and the potential risk group but also in the general user group are found to use their smartphone too long and too much and frequently turn on the display. The apps that the general user group is mainly using are entertaining apps, and their school records are rather good, so excessive use does not always lead to addiction or learning disorder. Therefore, if we develop more diverse contents for learning and provide digital literacy education, smartphone use will bring more positive effects instead. In follow-up research, the app should be corrected to collect more accurate information, and as variables in personal areas, this researcher will also measure depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, and emotional control, and so on to see how they are associated with smartphone use.