• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2022

기술의 진화와 함께, 사이버 물리 시스템(Cyber Physical System)은 향상되고 있고 이에 따라 새로운 유형의 사이버 공격도 발견되고 있다. 사이버 공격에는 여러 가지 형태가 있으며 모든 사이버 공격은 대상 시스템을 조작하기 위해 이루어진다. 사이버 물리시스템 중 대표적인 시스템이 사이버 물리 전력 시스템, 즉 스마트 그리드이다. 스마트 그리드는 신뢰할 수 있고 안전하며 효율적인 에너지 전송 및 분배를 제공하는 새로운 유형의 전력망이다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 상태 추정과 에너지 분배를 타깃으로 하는 허위 데이터 주입 공격(False Data Injection Attack)으로 잘 알려진 특정 유형의 사이버 공격 구성 방법과 이러한 공격의 방어를 위한 보호 전략과 탐지를 위한 동적 모니터링 기법을 소개한다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.160-160
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• 2019

Water is a limited source that needs to be properly managed and distributed to the ever-growing population of the world. Rapid urbanization and development have increased the overall water demand of the world drastically. However, there is loss of billions of liters of water every year due to leakages in water distribution systems. Such water loss means significant financial loss for the utilities as well. World bank estimates a loss of $14 billion annually from wasted water. To address these issues and for the development of efficient and reliable leakage management techniques, high efforts have been made by the researchers and engineers. Over the past decade, various techniques and technologies have been developed for leakage management and leak detection. These include ideas such as pressure management in water distribution networks, use of Advanced Metering Infrastructure, use of machine learning algorithms, etc. For leakage detection, techniques such as acoustic technique, and in recent yeats transient test-based techniques have become popular. Smart Water Grid uses two-way real time network monitoring by utilizing sensors and devices in the water distribution system. Hence, valuable real time data of the water distribution network can be collected. Best results and outcomes may be produced by proper utilization of the collected data in unison with advanced detection and management techniques. Long term reduction in Non Revenue Water can be achieved by detecting, localizing and repairing leakages as quickly and as efficiently as possible. However, there are still numerous challenges to be met and future research works to be conducted in this field.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2014

Obsolescent control systems for power systems are evolving into intelligent systems and connecting with smart devices to give intelligence to the power systems. As networks of the control system are growing, vulnerability is also increasing. The communication network of distribution areas in the power system connects closely to vulnerable environments. Many cyber-attacks have been founded in the power system, and they could be more critical as the power system becomes more intelligent. From these environment, new communication network architecture and mitigation method against cyber-attacks are needed. Availability and Fault Tree analysis used to show that the proposed system enhances performance of current control systems.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2014

무선 메쉬 네트워크는 멀티홉 기반의 유연한 망구성 및 확장성이 높은 이점으로 관심을 받고 있으며, 최근 전 세계 전력회사에서도 스마트 그리드 네트워크에 무선 메쉬 네트워크 기술을 적용하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 스마트 그리드란 전력공급과정에 정보통신기술을 접목시켜 전력공급자와 소비자간 실시간 양방향 정보교환을 통해 에너지 효율을 최적화한 차세대 지능형 전력망으로, 스마트그리드 환경에서 실시간성 및 시급성 등으로 인한 중요한 데이터에 대한 QoS 보장은 필수적이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 국내의 전력용 통신시스템을 바탕으로 스마트그리드 어플리케이션 특성 분석 및 스마트그리드 메쉬 네트워크 구축 방안을 설계하고, IEEE 802.11s의 예약기반의 매체 액세스 매커니즘인 MCCA를 적용함으로서 QoS 성능향상 방안을 제시한다. 이를 검증하기 위해서는 NS-2 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 성능분석을 수행하고, 예약기반의 MCCA가 안정적인 대역폭을 보장함으로서 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3327-3334
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• 2021

Present electric grids are advanced to integrate smart grids, distributed resources, high-speed sensing and control, and other advanced metering technologies. Cybersecurity is one of the challenges of the smart grid and nuclear plant digital system. It affects the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), for grid data communication and controls the information in real-time. The research article is emphasized solving the nuclear and smart grid hardware security issues with the integration of field programmable gate array (FPGA), and implementing the latest Time Authenticated Cryptographic Identity Transmission (TACIT) cryptographic algorithm in the chip. The cryptographic-based encryption and decryption approach can be used for a smart grid distribution system embedding with FPGA hardware. The chip design is carried in Xilinx ISE 14.7 and synthesized on Virtex-5 FPGA hardware. The state of the art of work is that the algorithm is implemented on FPGA hardware that provides the scalable design with different key sizes, and its integration enhances the grid hardware security and switching. It has been reported by similar state-of-the-art approaches, that the algorithm was limited in software, not implemented in a hardware chip. The main finding of the research work is that the design predicts the utilization of hardware parameters such as slices, LUTs, flip-flops, memory, input/output blocks, and timing information for Virtex-5 FPGA synthesis before the chip fabrication. The information is extracted for 8-bit to 128-bit key and grid data with initial parameters. TACIT security chip supports 400 MHz frequency for 128-bit key. The research work is an effort to provide the solution for the industries working towards embedded hardware security for the smart grid, power plants, and nuclear applications.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2012

With the smart grid coming near, wide-area supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) becomes more and more important. However, traditional SCADA systems are not suitable for the openness and distribution requirements of smart grid. Distributed SCADA services should be openly composable and secure. Event-driven methodology makes service collaborations more real-time and flexible because of the space, time and control decoupling of event producer and consumer, which gives us an appropriate foundation. Our SCADA services are constructed and integrated based on distributed events in this paper. Unfortunately, an event-driven SCADA service does not know who consumes its events, and consumers do not know who produces the events either. In this environment, a SCADA service cannot directly control access because of anonymous and multicast interactions. In this paper, a distributed security framework is proposed to protect not only service operations but also data contents in smart grid environments. Finally, a security implementation scheme is given for SCADA services.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2014

In this paper, high-speed Hybrid MAC (Medium Access Control layer) implementation suitable for smart grid applications is researched. MB-OFDM (Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is considered for high-speed communication method in smart grid application. In this paper, the MAC adopts the distributed network managing method. Also, the MB-OFDM merit of high-speed transfer rate of up to 480Mbps must be supported. Hence, this paper presents an efficient hardware-software integration (co-design) method in order to realize a high- speed transmission, and a realizing method of distribution network. Finally, MAC performance and reliability based on MB-OFDM PHY (PHYsical layer) are confirmed through simulation and emulation.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2017

분산전원이 도입된 스마트 그리드는 기존 전력망의 문제들뿐만 아니라, 새로운 전기적 현상에 기인한 보호 협조 문제 등 다수의 문제들을 새롭게 제기한다. EMTP 기반의 해석 방법은 계통구성의 유연성과 편리성을 가지지만 설계 및 해석결과의 불확실성 때문에 실험적 검증이 요구된다. 반면에 실증 시스템은 상당한 경제적, 공간적 건설비용 요구, 계통구성 제약 때문에 대규모 계통에 대한 정확한 고장 관측이 어렵고 스마트 그리드의 분산, 자율적, 적응제어 전략의 실증도 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최소의 경제적, 공간적 비용하에서 22.9kV 스마트 그리드의 외란에 대한 전기적인 현상들과 분산, 자율적 적응제어 전략을 안전하고 자유롭게 실험, 관측할 수 있는 MEMS의 소형화 기술을 이용한 마이크로 스마트 그리드 시뮬레이터 설계를 위한 기초이론을 연구한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권10호
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• pp.1390-1396
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• 2013

The paper estimated the reasonable market price of lead-acid battery energy storage system (BESS) intended for demand management of electricity customers. As time-of-use (TOU) tariffs have extended to a larger number of customers and gaps in the peak and off-peak rates have gradually risen, deployment of BESS has been highly needed. However, immature engineering techniques, lack of field experiences and high initial investment cost have been barriers to opening up ESS markets. This paper assessed electricity cost that BESS operation could save for customers and, based on the possible cost savings, estimated reasonable prices at which BESSs could become a more prospective option for demand management of customers. Battery scheduling was optimized to maximize the electricity cost savings that BESS would possibly achieve under TOU tariffs conditions. Basic economic factors such as payback period and return on investment were calculated to determine reasonable market prices. Actual load data of 12 industrial customers were used for case studies.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

스마트 그리드 응용에서 ICT(Information and Communication Technologies) 활용은 전력망을 효율성 있고 신뢰성 있게 구축할 수 있다. 전력 시설 내에서 필요한 정보를 교환하는 스마트 그리드 표준으로 IEC 61850이 채택되었다. 그러나 이더넷을 사용하는 IEC 61850과 같은 기술을 소규모 배전 변전소 자동화에 직접 적용하면, 소규모 배전 변전소 그 자체의 가치보다 더 많은 비용이 소요될 수 있다. IEEE 802.15.4 기술은 적은 설치비용과 설치의 용이성으로 인해 전력 설비 자동화 분야에서 관심을 받고 있다. 다소 덜 엄격한 성능이 요구되는 D1 소규모 배전 변전소에 IEEE 802.15.4를 이용하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소규모 배전 변전소에 IEEE 802.15.4를 적용하고, 실제 장비들을 이용하여 성능분석을 수행 하였다. 성능 분석 결과를 IEC 61850 메시지 유형과 비교 분석하여 IEEE 802.15.4 적용 범위를 결정하였다.