• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.404-411
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• 2014

This study was carries out to analyzed the antioxidant activities of extracts extrated from soybean and small black bean for the development of functional materials. Yields of hot-water and ethanol extracts were higher in the soybean than small black bea, and yields of hot-water extracts were higher than ethanol extracts. Total phenol contents were 26.22 mg/g in the ethanol extracts from small black bean, and were higher than those in the soybean extracts. Total flavonoid contents were 30.52 mg/g of hot-water extracts from small black bean. The EDA values were increased by the increase of extract concentrations and were high in the hot-water and ethanol extracts from bean and small black bean The EDA values was high in the extracts of small black bean from low concentrations. The SOD-like activity of hot-water and ethanol extracts from small black bean was higher than those of soybean extracts. The SOD-like activity was 73%, 62% of the hot-water and ethanol extracts from small black bean in 10 ml/mL extract concentration, respectably. The nitrite scavenging ability was high extracts from soybean was 47.60% in pH 1.2, Those of hot-water extracts were higher than in ethanol extracts in 10 ml/mL extract concentration. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities were increased by the increase of extract concentrations and were high in ethanol extracts from small black bean of low concentration. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities was hot-water extracts from soybean were higher than 5 ml/mL extract concentration than those of other extracts. The inhibitory activities of tyrosinase were increased by increase of extract concentrations and were high each other 42.05%, 45.67% of hot-water and ethanol extracts from small black bean in 10 ml/mL extract concentration. Reducing power was increased by increase of extract concentrations in extracts of small black bean, and were high more than double in hot-water and ethanol from small black bean than extracts of soybean.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.16 no.3_4
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• pp.35-39
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• 1973

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) on various parameters of nodule formation at different stage of soybean plants. Differences in nodule formation were marked between soybean varieties tested, but nodules were small within soybean varieties infected with SMV. SMV-infection on soybeans were greatly reduced the number, size and weight of nodules, and the earlier the infection of SMV, the greater the reduction of nodules. Maximum reduction(83%) of nodules observed when "Kumkang-Daerip" soybeans were inoculated 2 weeks after seeding, but none occurred 8 weeks or later. Prominent decreases in number of nodules often resulted in an increase in nodu'e sizes in SMV-infected soybean plants.an plants.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to give basic information to sprout-soybean breeding and automated sprout production by investigating the effect of seed size on the sprout growth and texture. Twenty cultivars and lines including large and medium soybean, small interspecific cultivars and extra-small wild soybean lines were used. Seeds were cultured for 4 days using small sprout-culturing kits. Hypocotyl length of large Hwanggeumkong, small Pungsannamulkong and Soyoung were longer and wild soybean lines were shorter than other cultivars. Fresh sprout weight and growth rate per unit dry seed weight of wild soybean lines ware increased dramatically and more than other cultivars between 48 to 72 hours after culture. Not only the increasing rate but sprout yield ratio to used dry seed weight showed the negative relationship pattern with seed size. The hardness of hypocotyl in Jangyeubkong, mastication in Taekwang, and cutting force in Eunhakong were the highest as 3,505 g, 1,650 g, and 133 g respectively, and texture values of these traits in wild soybean YWS516 were the lowest. Cutting force of soybean hypocotyl showed the positive relationship pattern with seed size. Breaking force of hypocotyl in large Jangyeobkong was the highest as 83.5g and wild soybean lines were the lowest showing the same pattern as other textural characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2012

In this study, ${\beta}$-carotene concentrations was determined in soybean cultivar according to seed size, usage, seed coat color and cotyledon color as well as the process of seed germination. The total average concentration of ${\beta}$-carotene was $6.6{\mu}g/g$ in soybean seed, $33.3{\mu}g/g$ in soybean sprout. According to seed size, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration of soybean was $6.9{\mu}g/g$ in large soybean seed, $6.7{\mu}g/g$ in medium soybean seed, and $6.31{\mu}g/g$ in small soybean seed. In soybean sprout, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration was $21.4{\mu}g/g$ in large soybean sprout, $30.5{\mu}g/g$ in medium soybean sprout, and $43.5{\mu}g/g$ in small soybean sprout. According to the utilization of seed, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration of soybean seed was $7.2{\mu}g/g$ in cooked with rice soybean seed, $6.1{\mu}g/g$ in paste and curd soybean seed, and $6.3{\mu}g/g$ in sprout soybean seed. In soybean sprout, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration was $25.9{\mu}g/g$ in cooked with rice soybean sprout, $32.4{\mu}g/g$ in paste and curd soybean sprout, and $41.9{\mu}g/g$ in sprout soybean sprout. When comparison with seed coat color, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration of soybean with brown seed coat ($8.8{\mu}g/g$) was slightly higher than those of soybean with yellow ($6.1{\mu}g/g$). In soybean sprout, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration was $21.8{\mu}g/g$ in black seed coat sprout, $38.7{\mu}g/g$ in brown seed coat sprout, $34.1{\mu}g/g$ in green seed coat sprout, $39.5{\mu}g/g$ in yellow seed coat sprout, and $30.5{\mu}g/g$ in mottle seed coat sprout. The results of this study suggested the functional characteristics of soybean through quantitative analysis of ${\beta}$-carotene.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.481-490
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• 1998

A computer vision system to measure low flow rate of solid particles was developed and tested to examine its performance with various sized 7 kinds of seeds, perilla, mung bean, paddy, small red bean, black soybean, Cuba bean and small potato tuber. The test was performed for two types of particle flow, continuous and discontinuous. For the continuous flow tested with perilla, mung bean and paddy, the tests resulted correlation coefficients for the flow rates measured by the computer vision and direct method about 0.98. Average errors of the computer vision measurement were in a range of 6∼9%. For the discontinuous flow tested with small red bean, black soybean, Cuba bean and small potato tuber, the tests resulted correlation coefficients for the flow rates measured by the computer vision and direct method 0.98∼0.99. Average errors of the computer vision measurement were in a range of 5∼10%. Performance of the computer vision system was compared with that of the conventional optical sensor to count particles in discontinuous flow. The comparison was done with black soybean, Cuba bean and small potato tuber, and resulted that the computer vision has much better performance than the optical sensor in a sense of precision of the measurement.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2003

Genetic diversity and soybean sprout-related traits were evaluated in a total of 72 soybean accessions (60 Glycine max, 7 Glycine soja, and 5 Glycine gracilis). 100-seed weight (SW) was greatly varied and ranged from 3.2g to 32.3g in 72 soybean accessions. Positive correlation was observed between GR and hypocotyl length (HL), whereas negative correlation was observed between SW and hypocotyl diameter (HD). Re-evaluation by discarding two soybean genotypes characterized with low GR indicated that much higher correlation of sprout yield (SY) with HD and SW. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) for sprout-related traits, 57 accessions were classified. Soybean genotypes with better traits for sprout, such as small size of seeds and high SY, were characterized with high PCA 1 and PCA 2 values. The seed size in second is small but showed low GR and SY, whereas the third has large seed, high GR and more than 400% SY. In genetic similarity analysis using 60 SSR marker genotyping, 72 accessions were classified into three major and several minor groups. Nine of twelve accessions that were identified as the representatives of soybean for sprout based on PCA were in a group by the SSR marker analysis, indicating the SSR marker selection of parental genotypes for soybean sprout improvement program.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2010

Drought, salinity and flooding are three important abiotic factors limiting soybean production worldwide. Irrigation, soil reclamation, and drainage systems are not generally available or economically feasible for soybean production. Therefore, productive soybean varieties with tolerance are a cost effective means for reducing yield losses due to these factors. Genetic variability for higher tolerance to drought, salt and flooding is important. However, only a small portion of nearly 200,000 world soybean accessions have been screened to find genotypes with tolerance for use in breeding programs. Evaluation for tolerance to drought, salinity and flooding is difficult due to lack of faster, cost effective, repeatable screening methods. Soybean strains with higher tolerance to the above stresses have been identified. Crosses with lines with drought, salt and flooding tolerance through conventional breeding has made a significant contribution to improving tolerance to abiotic stress in soybean. Molecular markers associated with tolerance to drought, salt and flooding will allow faster, reliable screening for these traits. Germplasm resources, genome sequence information and various genomic tools are available for soybean. Integration of genomic tools coupled with well-designed breeding strategies and effective uses of these resources will help to develop soybean varieties with higher tolerance to drought, salt and flooding.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.792-801
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• 2018

Proximate compositions, quality and physicochemical characteristics of small black soybean cultivar, cultivated in the north-central region of South Korea with different seeding periods, were evaluated. Proximate compositions, chromaticity, water binding capacity, water solubility index, swelling power, and antioxidant properties were significantly different among cultivars and different seeding periods. Moisture, crude ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents of small black soybean cultivar were 5.53~6.69, 5.47~6.54, 15.38~19.14, 34.17~40.26, and 32.04~36.85 g/100 g, respectively. Lightness, redness and yellowness were 35.60~38.61, -0.02~0.07 and -0.56~-0.13, and water binding capacity, water solubility index and swelling power were 84.48~148.31, 46.65~54.89 and 29.87~35.12%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents of first, second, and third seedings on small black soybean cultivar were 10.40~15.48, 9.86~14.85 and 8.61~15.39 mg GAE/g; total flavonoid contents were 5.81~7.25, 5.81~7.34 and 5.52~7.64 mg CE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was 4.55~7.86, 3.99~8.79, and 3.74~9.43 mg TE/g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 9.32~12.90, 8.64~13.39, and 8.51~14.35 mg TE/g, respectively. Phenol compound of Tawonkong and Socheong cultivars decreased with delay of seeding periods. Radical scavenging activity of Socheong and Jununi cultivars decreased with delay of seeding periods, but Socheong 2 and Socheongja cultivars increased. In the study, phenol compound and radical scavenging activity of small black soybean cultivar were different, depending on cultivars and seeding periods.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.4259-4264
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• 1976

This paper, is about the test on the operating performance of diesel engine by using of soybean oil which farmers could supply in their farm yard. The diesel engine used is a swirl-chamber type, four stroke cycle with single cylinder, air cooling and its rated horse power is 2 PS per 1300 rpm. Several results obtained are as follows; 1. The starting performance of diesel engine with soybean oil is almost the same as that with light oil. 2. The variation of engine speed according to various engine load is small when soybean oil is used compared with light oil. It is considered that soybean oil is desirable for the purpose of industerial power machine fuel. 3. The specific fuel consumption increases approximately 10 percent high in the condition of rated horse power and maximum horse power and shows less or same during the load test in low velocity, when soybean oil is used 4. Though the brake thermal efficiency in the condition of rated horse power and maximum horse power is inclined to decrease when soybean oil is used compared during the load test in low velocityt shows good inclination.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.272-276
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• 1998

Sheep and goats in Pakistan have not been able to produce to the best of their potential. This may primarily be attributed to under feeding and malnutrition. Ranges have been depleted due to overgrazing and mismanagement and are not in position to feed the existing small ruminant population. To overcome the shortage of good quality fodder and balanced feed supply, the alternate means like cereal straws and other crop residues are being commonly used. Sunflower crop residues like stalks and heads provide a good quality forage for livestock. These crop byproducts are rich in crude protein and lower in crude fibre. Their inclusion in the diet of small ruminants at 20, 30 and 40 percent levels in ration has shown significantly (p < 0.05) increased feed intake and weight gain. Daily feed intake was 1,130, 1,180 and 1,750 g for sunflower crop residue, soybean crop residue and wheat straw, respectively, when added at the rate of 20 percent in the ration. The drymatter digestibility of sunflower, soybean crop residues and wheat straw was also comparable. The maximum performance of the animals was observed at the 20 percent level of inclusion of sunflower crop residue in the diet.