• 한국지형학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-33
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• 2021

Successful sediment management at the watershed scale requires an understanding of the erosion, transport and sedimentation processes at the specific site scale. However, studies on the sediment runoff characteristics in a small uppermost watershed, which serves as a sediment supply function, are very rare. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the fluctuations in major sediment supply areas and sediment runoff in the uppermost mountain small watershed, and for this purpose, ArcSWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools with GIS interface) was applied to the Woldong reservoir catchment located in Gosam-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do. The model results were manually calibrated using the monitoring data of the Woldong reservoir sedimentation rate from 2005 to 2007. It was estimated that annual average of 34.4 tons/year of sediment was discharged from the Woldong reservoir basin. This estimate almost coincided with the monitoring data of the Woldong reservoir during the low flow period but tended to be somewhat underestimated during the high flow period. Although the SWAT model does not fully reflect the erosion process of gully and in-channel, this underestimation is probably due to the spatial connectivity of sediment transport and the storage and reactivation of the sediment being transported. Most of the forested hillslopes with a well-developed organic horizon were evaluated as having a low risk of erosion, while the places with the highest risk of erosion were predicted to be distributed in the logged area with some weeds or shrubs (classified as pasture) with relatively steeper slopes, and in the bare land. The results of this study are expected to be useful in developing strategies for sediment control and reservoir management.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2019

최근 전 지구적인 기후변화는 예측이 어려운 이상 기후를 발생시키며 기존의 기후에 맞추어 수립된 재해 대응 방안으로는 충분한 방어 및 완화조치가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 특히, 반복되는 집중호우는 견고하게 구성되었던 도심지 홍수방어 체계에서도 피해를 발생시키고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강우의 공간적인 분포와 도시 특성을 고려하여 유출량의 변화를 분석하였으며, 이는 특정 지역에 집중되는 강우 양상과 불투수층이 많은 도시의 유출특성에 대한 연구이다. 서울 지역에서 한 곳에 집중되는 강우의 경우, 유역의 유입량 및 유출량 계산이 정확하게 이뤄지기 위해서는 유역에 내린 강우를 정확하게 측정해야 한다. 본 연구는 서울 기상청에서 제공 하고 있는 종관기상관측장비(Automated Surface Observing System, ASOS)와 방재 기상관측장비(Automatic Weather Stations, AWS)로 관측된 강우자료를 이용하여 서울 용답 빗물펌프장 유역과 가산1빗물 펌프장 유역에서의 유출량을 EPA-SWMM 모형을 사용하여 산정하고, 비교·분석을 하였다. 빗물펌프장 유역은 불투수 면적이 대부분인 작은 도시 유역이므로, ASOS 자료를 사용할 경우에는 유역과 강우 관측 지점의 거리가 멀어, 유역 내 내린 강우와 상이한 강우 자료를 이용하여 유출량을 계산하게 되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 유역 근처에 위치한 AWS에서 관측한 강우자료와 유역에서 멀리 떨어진 ASOS에서 관측한 강우자료의 차이를 분석하고, 이에 따라 달라지는 유출량을 계산하였다. 이를 통해 정확한 강우량을 사용하여 빗물펌프장을 운영하거나 도시 홍수 홍수 예보 등을 수행해야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 설계강우량 산정 및 유출량 계산에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2024

우리나라는 최근 5년(2019년~2023년)간 발생한 강우의 모든 기록이 경신 될 만큼 집중호우의 발생빈도와 강도가 급증하고 있다. 소규모 산지 유역은 수문분석에 필요한 관측시설의 미비로 자료확보가 어려워 국지성 집중호우로 인한 돌발홍수에 대한 사전 대비가 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 소규모 산지유역인 충청북도 괴산군에 위치한 비도교 유역을 대상으로 최적화된 매개변수와 홍수량산정 표준지침에서 제시한 매개변수를 활용하여 산출된 설계홍수량을 비교하였다. 강우-유출모형은 HEC-HMS를 활용하여 모의하였으며, 모형 구축을 위한 유역특성인자는 Q-GIS를 활용하여 수치표고모형(DEM)을 바탕으로 산출하였다. 호우사상은 국가수자원관리종합정보시스템에서 제공하는 수문기상자료를 이용하여 5개의 호우사상을 선정하였다. 모형구동에 필요한 도달시간(Tc)과 저류상수(K)는 홍수량산정 표준지침에서 제시하는 서경대 공식과 강우-유출모형의 최적화를 통해 각각 산정하였다. 모의한 호우사상을 비교한 결과 연구유역인 소규모 산지유역의 경우 서경대 공식으로 산출한 매개변수보다 최적화된 매개변수로 산출된 홍수 사상의 목적함수 값이 높은 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 최적화된 매개변수를 바탕으로 비도교 유역의 설계홍수량을 산정하여 전국하천유역 홍수량 산정보고서의 결과와 비교한 결과, 보고서에서 산정한 값과 최적화 매개변수로 산정한 값이 -10.7%~17.3% 차이로 산정되었다. 소규모 산지 유역인 비도교 유역에 두 매개변수로 산출된 홍수량값을 관측값과 비교했을때, 최적화된 매개변수로 산출된 값이 관측값과 더 유사한 것으로 보아, 홍수량산정 표준지침에서 권장하는 서경대 공식을 국내 모든 유역에 일괄적으로 적용하기에는 한계점이 존재한다고 판단된다. 추가적인 연구를 통해 국내 소규모 산지유역에 적합한 매개변수 산정기법을 개발하고자 한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2012

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS), one of measures for on site rainwater management, have been promoted by laws, regulations and guidelines and have been increased. However, more evaluation of economic feasibility on RWHS is still needed due to seasonal imbalance of rainfall and little experiences and analysis on design and operation of RWHS. In this study, we investigated tank capacity of RWHS to secure economic validity considering catchment area and water demand, which is affected by building scale. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effect of design factors, cost items and increase rate of water service charge on economic feasibility. The BCR (benefit cost ratio) is proportional to the increase in tank capacity. It is increased steeply in small tank capacity due to the effect of cost and, since then, gently in middle and large tank capacity. In case of 0.05 in the rate of tank volume to catchment area and 0.005 in water demand to catchment area, BCR was over one from the tank capacity of 160 $m^{3}$ taking into account of private benefits and from the tank capacity of 100 $m^{3}$ taking into account of private and public benefits. Sensitivity analysis shows that increase of water demand can improve BCR values with little cost so that it is needed to extend application of rainwater use and select a proper range of design factor. Decrease of construction and maintenance cost reduced the tank volume to secure economic validity. Finally, increase rate of water service charge had considerable impact on economic feasibility.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2013

The major 24 tributaries in Nam-River mid-watershed were monitored for discharge and water quality in order to understand the characteristics of the watershed and to select the tributary catchment for improving water quality. According to the analytical results of discharge and water quality monitoring data of 24 tributaries, the mean value of discharge below $0.1m^3/s$ was 62.5% among the monitored tributaries and it mostly exceeded the water quality standards of Nam-river mid-watershed ($BOD_5$ = 3 mg/L, T-P = 0.1 mg/L over). According to the stream grouping method and the water quality delivery load density ($kg/day/km^2$) based on the results of tributary discharge and water quality monitoring, the tributary watersheds for improving the water quality were selected. In the Nam-River mid-watershed, tributaries in the GaJwaCheon, HaChonCheon catchment (Group D, $BOD_5$ = 3 mg/L over) and in the UirYeongCheon, SeokGyoCheon catchment (Group A, T-P = 0.1 mg/L over), which have a small flow (and/or large flow) and a high concentrations of water pollutants. The various water quality improving scheme for tributaries, in accordance with the reduction of potential point source pollution by living sewage and livestock wastewater, should be established and implemented.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2006

This study was conducted to find end-members and tracers which are effective to be applied in the End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) model for runoff separation at the Gwangneung coniferous forest catchment (13.6ha), Gyeonggido, Korea. We monitored three successive rainfall events during two weeks from June 26, 2005 to July 10, 2005, and analysed chemical properties of rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, groundwater and soil water considered as main components of storm runoff. The followings are the results of analyses of each component and tracer. Groundwater, soil water and rainfall (or throughfall) were dominant runoff components. Rainfall and groundwater were selected as main components for the two components-one tracer mixing model, and groundwater, soilwater and throughfall were selected as main components for the three components-two tracers mixing model. Tracers were selected from anion ($Cl^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$), cation ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$) and Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) in event 1, 2, and 3. $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and ANC were selected in the two components-one tracer mixing model and ${SO_4}^{2-}-K^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}-Na^+$, ${SO_4}^{2-}-Ca^{2+}$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$-ANC, and $Ca^{2+}$-ANC were selected in the three components-two tracers mixing model. Selected main runoff components and tracers can provide basic information to determine the contribution rate of each runoff component and identify the runoff process in a forest watershed.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.397-400
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• 2002

Discharge characteristics of pollutant loadings from sewage systems were estimated in the catchment area of a reclaimed area - Saemangeum -. Pollutant loadings were estismated according to the discharge pattern of small treatment facilities. BOD pollutant loadings produced by population were 84,380kg/day, which were composed of nightsoil 35% and sewage 65%.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1999

This study has an object to evaluate runoff characteristics with ILLUDAS model and SWMM owing to each rainfall distribution type of Huff's quartile and each rainfall duration time of 30 ,60, 120 and 180 minutes. As a result of this study, Type-Ⅰ Extreme (TIE) rainfall distribution pattern with Huff's 2nd quartile is adequate for Cheju volcanic island . To decide optimal rain fall duration , time of concentration and critical duration should be compared and analyzed each other. In this study, 30 and 120 miniutes were suggeste to iptiaml duration time of A and B study basins. It is concluded that the magnitude of peak runoff discharge is maximum with Huff's 4th quartile, and that of total runoff volume is maximum with Huff's 4th quartile for ILLUDAS model and with Huff's 1st quartile for SWMM. As rainfall duration time increasing is increasing . Also in case of total runoff volume, volumen by SWMM is less than by ILLUDAS model as to variation ratio of total runoff volume in A and B study basin. Therefore, the resulots of this study canb e sued as basic data in determining adequate rainfoal duration time and rainfall distribution type and used for urban drainage systems analysis and design at small urbanization catchment is Cheju volcanic island.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 1997

A CELTHYM(CEll-based Long-term HYdrologic Model), a pre-processor and a post-processor that can be integrated with geographic information system(GIS) were developed to predict the stream flow from the small agricultural watershed on the daily basis. The CELTHYM calculates the direct runoff from a grid using SCS curve number method and then sum up all of cells with respect to a sub-catchment area belonged to a stream grid and integrated to an outlet. Base flow of a watershed outlet was computed by integrating of the base flow of each stream grid that was averaged the sub-catchment deep-percolation and calculated with the release rate. Two kind of water budget equation were used to compute the water balance in a grid that was classified into not paddy field and paddy field. One of the two equation is a soil water balance equation to account the soil moisture of the upland, forest and excluding paddy field grid. The other is a paddy water balance equation for the paddy field, calculating the ponding depth, the effective rainfall, the deep percolation and the evapotranspiration.

• 물과 미래
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.329-340
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• 1990

도시화한 소유역에서 배수조직의 물리적 특성 변화에 의한 유출현상과 침수상황을 정성적으로 평가할 수 있는 도시유역에서의 유출해석모형(URAM)을 개발하여 시험유역에서의 실측치와 본 모형을 이용한 모의발생치를 비교하여 모형을 검증한 후 실유역에 적용하여 응용성을 평가하였다. URAM을 이용 시험유역의 유출현상을 모의발생한 결과 실측치와 잘 일치함을 보여 주었으며, 또한 상습침수지역에 대하여 침수현상을 모의발생시킨 결과 계산된 침수특성은 실제 현황과 정성적으로 잘 일치하여 본 모형은 도시소유역 유출해석에 이용가치가 높은 것으로 판단되었다.