• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.875-885
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 미계측 강수자료를 생성하여 공간 해석함으로써 제주도의 정확한 수문총량을 산정하였다. 미계측 강수자료는 본 연구에서 제시된 수정된 다중회귀선형 모형으로 생성하였으며 공간강수량은 PRISM을 적용하여 구하였다. 수정된 다중선형회귀 모형에 의한 미계측 강수자료의 추정 값들은 기존의 강수 패턴과 유사한 양상을 나타내어 모형의 정확도가 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 공간강수량의 해석결과는 Case 1(원자료)과 Case 2(미계측 강수자료를 보완한 자료)의 연평균 강수량이 약 1.5%의 미미한 차이를나타내었으나 고도별 연평균 강수량 차이는 최대 37.4%가 증가하는 것으로 산정되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제안한 미계측 관측 자료 생성방법은 현재 관측소의 밀도가 낮은 곳과 국지적으로 강수량의 변화가 큰 곳에서의 수문총량의 산정시 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2012

We present the results of the near-infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR) slit spectroscopic observations of the diffuse emission toward nine positions in the nearby irregular galaxy Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the Infrared Camera (IRC) on board AKARI. The unique characteristic of AKARI/IRC provides a great opportunity to analyze variations in the unidentified infrared (UIR) bands based on continuous spectra from 2.5 to $13.4{\mu}m$ of the same slit area. The observed variation of $I_{3.3}/I_{11.3}$ suggests destruction of small-sized UIR band carriers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in harsh environments. This result demonstrates that the UIR $3.3{\mu}m$ band provides us powerful information on the excitation conditions and/or the size distribution of PAHs, which is of importance for understanding the evolutionary process of hydrocarbon grains in the Universe. It also suggests a new diagnostic diagram of two band ratios, such as $I_{3.3}/I_{11.3}$ versus $I_{7.7}/I_{11.3}$, for the interstellar radiation conditions. We discuss on the applicability of the diagnostic diagram to other astronomical objects, comparing the LMC results with those observed in other galaxies such as NGC 6946, NGC 1313, and M51.

• 천문학논총
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• 제15권spc2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

The ionosphere, the atmosphere of the earth ionized by solar radiations, has been strongly varied with solar activity. The ionosphere varies with the solar cycle, the seasons, the latitudes and during any given day. Radio wave propagation through or in the ionosphere is affected by ionospheric condition so that one needs to consider its effects on operating communication systems normally. For examples, sporadic E may form at any time. It occurs at altitudes between 90 to 140 km (in the E region), and may be spread over a large area or be confined to a small region. Sometimes the sporadic E layer works as a mirror so that the communication signal does not reach the receiver. And radiation from the Sun during large solar flares causes increased ionization in the D region which results in greater absorption of HF radio waves. This phenomenon is called short wave fade-outs. If the flare is large enough, the whole of the HF spectrum can be rendered unusable for a period of time. Due to events on the Sun, sometimes the Earth's magnetic field becomes disturbed. The geomagnetic field and the ionosphere are linked in complex ways and a disturbance in the geomagnetic field can often cause a disturbance in the F region of the ionosphere. An enhancement will not usually concern the HF communicator, but the depression may cause frequencies normally used for communication to be too high with the result that the wave penetrates the ionosphere. Ionospheric storms can occur throughout the solar cycle and are related to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal holes on the Sun. Except the above mentioned phenomena, there are a lot of things to affect the radio communication. Nowadays, radio technique for probing the terrestrial ionosphere has a tendency to use satellite system such as GPS. To get more accurate information about the variation of the ionospheric electron density, a TEC measurement system is necessary so RRL will operate the system in the near future.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 지하 빗물저류시설 설치에 따른 유출저감 효과를 분석하기 위하여 실험실내 모형 빗물저류장치를 설치하여 강우강도 변화, 표층의 피복상태 변화, 표면경사 변화에 따른 유출량 변화 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 대상하천인 승기천의 토양조건하에서 강우강도가 40mm/hr-100mm/hr일 때 총유출량 감소는 42.3-52.9%로 나타났으며, 지하 빗물저류시설을 설치하는 경우 총유출량과 첨두유량의 감소를 가져올 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 경사변화에 따른 총유출량의 변화는 완만한 경사에서는 매우 크게 나타났으나 3%이상의 급경사에서 침투에 의한 저류량에 변화가 적고, 이는 산지와 같은 급경사지역에 빗물저류시설을 설치하는 경우 장기간의 홍수에 대하여 상당한 효과를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 시스템은 하천이나 산지의 급경사에도 큰 결과를 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2001

새만금방조제 축조 전 후 금강하구의 조류 변화와 잔차류특성, 금강의 부유사 유입에 의한 퇴적 과정을 알아보았다. 잔차류는 새만금방조제 축조 전후 금강 하구역의 조석잔차류와 관측된 수온 염분, 바람자료를 이용하여 계산하였다. 계산에 의한 퇴적과정은 잔차류와 입자의 침강속도를 고려하여 Euler Lagrange 방법으로 부유사의 분산 퇴적과정을 3차원 수치 실험에 의하여 재현하였다. 토립자(土粒子)의 중앙입경은 $150{\mu}m$, $300{\mu}m$, $400{\mu}m$의 경우에 대하여 적용하였다. 토립자(土粒子)의 분포사항은 금강하구둑에서 토립자(土粒子) 방류후 24시간과 72시간에 대하여 알아보았다. 그 결과 봄에 관측한 수온 염분, 바람, 조석응력을 이용하여 계산한 잔차류의 특성은 상층에서 만경강과 동진강 하구역에서 시계방향의 흐름분포를 나타내었다. 그리고 하구특성의 하나인 밀도류에 의한 흐름은 하구 쪽 방향으로 아주 작은 분포를 하고 있었다. 부유사의 분산 퇴적과정을 수치실험 한 결과 24시간후의 퇴적분포는 대부분 금강하구와 장항해역에서 퇴적분포를 나타내고 있었으나 72시간 후에는 금강하구와 장항해역, 만경강과 동진강하구까지 퇴적분포를 나타내었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 인공강우의 침투 배수에 의한 모형사면의 침투거동을 정확히 파악하고자 대구 경북권의 화강풍화토를 이용한 실내모형실험을 수행하였다. 강우의 침투과정과 배수과정에 대한 함수비와 모관흡수력 변화를 측정하고 부정류상태의 수치해석을 수행하여 두 결과를 비교하였다. 실험결과, 함수비와 모관흡수력의 거동은 사면의 상부, 중간부, 하부 영역에 따라 침투 거리와 하부 배수층의 영향으로 다르게 나타났다. 공극 속 지하수량 변화에 따른 투수계수 변화는 침투과정에서 함수비 증가 및 모관흡수력 감소를 즉각적이고 큰 값으로 유발하였다. 그러나 배수과정에서는 함수비 감소 및 모관흡수력 증가가 완만하고 작은 값으로 발생하였다. 강우로 인한 체적함수비와 모관흡수력이 위치에 따라 값의 차이는 있지만, 침투 및 배수시간에 따른 전형적인 함수특성곡선을 나타내었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.289-309
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• 1993

Milyang pyrophyllite deposit which was formed by hydrothermal alteration occurs in Late Cretaceous andesitic tuff in the Milyang area, Gyeongsangnamdo. The wall rock alteration and genesis of the Milyang pyrophyllite deposit were studied. The ore minerals are composed dominantly of pyrophyllite accompanied by small amounts of quartz, kaolinite, pyrite, dumortierite and diaspore. The alteration halo of this deposit can be divided into three zones on the basis of mineral assemblage; pyrophyllite, sericite and chlorite zone. The common mineral assemblages of each alteration zone are as follows: (1) pyrophyllite zone; pyrophyllite-quartz-kaolinite-pyrite-dumortierite-diaspore, (2) sericite zone; sericite-quartz-pyrite-kaolinite, and (3) chlorite zone; chlorite-plagioclase-quartz. Major element chemistry shows that characteristic depletion in MgO, CaO, and $Na_2O$ and relative increase in FeO from less altered chlorite zone to extensively altered pyrophyllite zone corresponding to variation in mineral assemblages. The paragenesis of ore minerals, oxygen isotope data, chlorite and illite geothermometry suggest that ore deposit was formed at about $250{\sim}330^{\circ}C$. Both hydrogen and silica activities are high in pyrophyllite zone. Potassium activity increases in sericite zone while hydrogen activity becomes low in chlorite zone. The pyrophyllite zone was formed relatively higher temperature than those of sericite and chlorite zones. The ore fluid was considered to be magmatic water in origin derived from the residual granitic magma which interacted with meteoric water.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Two hundreds of female aged 19 years old and up were recruited to evaluate the postural changes and bilateral variation of asymmetry over age. To find out the differences among the age group, subjects were classified into 5 groups, early young age(19-29), late young age(30-39), early middle age(40-49), late middle age(50-59), and old age(60-). 35 body measurements were taken by the 3-D body scanner which allowed us to take measurements which cannot be measured using traditional methods, including the shape of a cross section, slice area surface are, and volume. Bilateral variations were observed as a function of age; Depth of scapular point level, scapular point to center back, and blade angle. Postural change of anterior cervical angle, upper anterior thoracic angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, posterior cervical angle, and center back/center front ratio were also exhibited. In each measurements, subjects were classified into normal, and abnormal group. Percentiles of abnormal in shoulder line angle, blade angle, neck point $\∼$ acromial point $\∼$ scapular point, posterior cervical angle, and upper posterior thoracic angle were increased over age group. The upper body of lateral view was classified into 3 types of posture based on the previous research; straight, erect(leaning back), and stooped(bent forward). The percentiles of subjects who have straight postures were decreased as a function of age, but those of stooped postures were increased. Subjects who have erect postures did not so. The stooped posture group shows the big cervical fossa angle, anterior cervical angle, posterior cervical angle, upper posterior thoracic angle, and the small upper anterior thoracic angle comparing to the straight and erect posture group. These results could be apply for clothing construction reflecting the changes in back, shoulder, neck, and the bilateral asymmetry according to the target age group.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 부산 북항 재개발의 개발 단계별 해수순환 특성을 살펴보고, 이와 동시에 북항으로 유입되는 4개의 하천의 유량을 갈수기, 평수기, 홍수기로 나누어 각 시기별 하천유량의 유입이 북항의 해수순환에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 수치모의하고자 하였다. 결과적으로 부산 북항을 중심으로 한 해수유동 수치모의 시 건설 전과 후에 하천유량이 증가할수록 신선대 방향으로의 Flux가 증가하고 이는 건설 전 후와 상관없이 유동방향이 변하지 않기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 또한 건설 이전의 홍수시 하천 조건에서의 해수교환율은 60%, 건설 전 후의 해수교환율은 하천유량조건과 관계없이 거의 같은 간으로 해수교환율이 증가하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.856-863
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• 1994

To develop a optimized method for educing the errors associated with the estimation of portion size of foods, fuzzy-dta processing of portion size was performed. Cooked-rice was chosen as a food item. The experiment was conducted in two parts. First, to study the conceptions of respondents to bowl size(large, medium, small), 11 bowls of different size and shape were used and measured the actual weights of cooked-rice. Second, to study the conceptions of respondents to volume(1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4), 16 different volumes of cooked-rice in bowls of same size and shape were used. Respondents for this study were 31 graduate students. After collecting the data of respondents to size and volume, fuzzy sets of size and volume were produced. The critical values were calculated by defuzzification(mean of maximum method, center of area method). The differences of the weights of cooked-rice in various bowl size and volume between the critical values and the calculated values by average portion size using in conventional methods were compared. The results hows large inter-subject variation in conception to bowl size, especially in large size. However, conception of respondents to volume is relatively accurate. Conception to bowl size seems to be influenced by bowl shape. Considering that the new fuzzy set was calculated by cartesian product(bowl size and volume), bowl shape should be considered in estimation of bowl size to make more accurate fuzzy set for cooked-rice portion size. The limitations of this study were discussed. If more accurate data for size and volume of many other food items are collected by the increased number of respondents, reducing the errors associated with the estimation of portion size of foods and rapid processing will be possible by constructing computer processing systems.