• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2022

In a rapidly changing environment, it is essential for companies to develop their capabilities for sustainable growth. To this end, informal learning at work plays an important role for small and medium-sized enterprises that are having difficulties in human resource development. If the GRIT of workers and the spiritual leadership of leaders are maintained at an appropriate level, the effect of informal learning will increase. This study derived the following results through a survey of workers participating in the Work-learning Dual System in Korea. First, experience and feedback among informal learning activities have a significant positive effect on competency development. Second, the higher the level of the GRIT of workers, the greater the magnitude of the positive effect of experience and feedback on competency development, showing a positive moderating effect. Third, in the case of workers with high GRIT, capacity development is strengthened as experience or feedback increases, and the higher the level of spiritual leadership, the greater the scope of reinforcement. On the other hand, it can be seen that in the case of workers with low GRIT, competency development weakens as experience or feedback increases, and the higher the level of spiritual leadership, the greater the extent of the weakening.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Purpose - In this paper, we aim to analyze to what extent entrepreneurial orientation (EO) can help overcome Korean SMEs' liabilities of foreignness in overseas markets. In this end, we examined three sub-dimensions of EO (proactiveness, innovativeness, risk-taking) and examine their individual effects on NPD performance of exporting SMEs. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected survey questionnaires from Korean exporting SMEs that are certified with Inno-biz by the Korean Ministry of SMEs and Startups. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26 and AMOS to create an integrated model. Result - As a result of the analysis, we found that proactiveness and innovativeness dimension of EO have positive effect on new product performance of exporting SMEs. Furthermore, technological uncertainty has negative moderating effect between innovativeness and new product performance of SMEs. Conclusion - While proactive attitude and innovativeness of EO positively affected the performance of new products of SMEs, the tendency to take risks and pursue opportunities with bold behaviors did not have a positive effect on NPD performance in foreign nations.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to establish the government's logistics policy by calculating the logistics cost of the company and grasping the management status, to reduce the logistics cost of the related companies and to provide basic statistical data necessary for the management strategy. This work examines some associations between reasons for reducing corporate logistics costs (RCLC) and corporate classification such as industry and sales size. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey was conducted in 2018 for 2,000 companies based on the business of mining, manufacturing and wholesale and retail industries since 2010. The survey population is 94,976, of which 92,708 are small and medium enterprises and 2,268 are large corporations. The association among factors may be statistically and visually explored by using chi-squared test and correspondence analysis. Result - This study reveals the association between reasons for RCLC and corporate classification and properties and closeness that exist between the categories of each factor can be mined. Conclusion - As a task to reduce logistics costs of industrial products, expansion and operation of joint logistics business, establishment of cooperative logistics network, and establishment of ordinance on support for smart distribution logistics can be proposed.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.71-85
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• 2021

Purpose - Prior studies have found that the characteristics of managers, corporate governance structure, corporate social responsibility and so on affect firm value. This study explores whether managerial overconfidence affects firm value through empirical analysis. Design/methodology/approach - Korean-listed non-financial companies from 2011 - 2017 are collected as the research sample. Firm value is measured by Tobin's Q, and managerial overconfidence is measured using a composite index encompassing various financial data. OLS and fixed effect model are used to investigate the relationship between managerial overconfidence and firm value. Findings - Managerial overconfidence is positively associated with firm value. Additional analysis reveals the following: (1) In the three subsamples of large, backbone, and small- and medium-sized enterprises, managerial overconfidence is beneficial to firm values. (2) Managerial overconfidence increases firm value on the t+1 year. Research implications or Originality - We use a comprehensive index with higher trust and feasibility to measure manager overconfidence and empirically confirm that managerial overconfidence can become a factor to improve firm value. Thus, it is necessary for shareholders to adopt an objective and neutral attitude and reasonably understand the psychological characteristics of managers when selecting CEOs. In addition, it is necessary to continue to optimize the measurement method of managerial overconfidence.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.241-251
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• 2021

Purpose - Drawing on the content-process approach, this study examines the effect of employees' perceived utility of education and training in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on their satisfaction. In addition, this study investigates how the human resource management department' activities moderate the relationship between employees' perceived utility of education and training and satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach - This study predicts the positive relationship between employees' perceived utility of education and training and satisfaction, and HR activities strengthens this positive relationship. To test these hypotheses, this study utilized Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) datasets, especially 2017 data at the individual level. The number of the final sample is 425 for the test. Moreover, this study used the hierarchical regression model with SPSS. Finding - As predicted, the analytical results with the hierarchical regression model showed that employees' percieved utility of education and training and satisfaction were positively related. In addition, HR activities strengthened this relationship between employees' percieved utility of education and training and satisfaction. Research implications or Originality - This study will provide academic and practical implications for future research on human resource development, especially SMEs by deepening an understanding of the important factors in order to increase employees' satisfaction of education and training. the number of viewers is found in most American films released in Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2023

Investigations on information security factors re- main elusive at small and medium enterprises (SMEs), es- specially for custom-made software solutions. This article aims to investigate, classify, adopt factors from recent literature addressing information security resources. SMEs al- ready have information security in place, but they are not easy to adopt through the negotiation processes between the in-house software development companies and custom-made software clients at SMEs. This article proposes a strategic framework for implementing the process of adoption of the information security factors at SMEs after conducting a systematic snapshot approach for investigating and classifying the resources. The systematic snapshot was conducted using a search strategy with inclusion and exclusion criteria to retain 128 final reviewed papers from a large number of papers within the period of 2001-2022. These papers were analyzed based on a classification schema including management, organizational, development, and environmental categories in software development lifecycle (SDLC) phases in order to define new security factors. The reviewed articles addressed research gaps, trends, and common covered evidence-based decisions based on the findings of the systematic mapping. Hence, this paper boosts the broader cooperation between in-house software development companies and their clients to elicit, customize, and adopt the factors based on clients' demands.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2023

Purpose - This research paper aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and government support programs (GSP) on new product performance in Korean Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME). We specifically focus on the interaction between these two factors and their influence on the new product performance of Korean SMEs. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected survey questionnaires from SMEs that are certified with Inno-biz by the Korean Ministry of SMEs and Startups. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 26 and AMOS to create an integrated model. Result - Based on the analysis, our findings indicate that the proactiveness and innovativeness dimensions of EO have a positive effect on new product performance. However, the risk-taking dimension of EO has a negative effect. Additionally, GSP exhibit both positive and negative moderating effects on different dimensions of EO. Conclusion - It is important to recognize that GSP are not a universal solution for all challenges faced by SMEs. Hence, it is crucial for policy-makers to have a clear understanding of SMEs' capabilities and the level of EO dimensions in order to identify types of GSP that could lead to positive outcomes, while minimizing the negative effects of GSP.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2023

MSMEs encountered several issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, including decreased sales and capital, difficulties in distribution, trouble obtaining raw materials, decreased production, and employee layoffs. These issues posed a threat to the national economy. The final effect was the company's bankruptcy as a result of its failure to survive a pandemic, which led to the company's downfall. This research aims to find out and analyze MSMEs' business strategy and innovation to maintain their business during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research is qualitative. Researchers got data using interviews, observation, and documentation. The analysis of this research is descriptive. To draw customers during the COVID-19 pandemic, MSMEs use social media or digital marketing, followed by the delivery of orders, promotions, or discounts and the creation of freebies. MSMEs develop new products as part of their ongoing efforts to expand their businesses while upholding standards for quality, value, and customer service. They also adapt to changing consumer tastes and popular food trends while showcasing some of their most intriguing products.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2022

Employee retention is becoming a crucial idea for businesses that aim to improve their performance, resulting in an increasing emphasis on the topic in today's society. Employee retention refers to an organization's ability to retain its employees. The retention of workers may be viewed as a technique used by companies to retain their personnel since it is linked to employer efforts to maintain their staff. Online surveys were initially done between April and July 2021. Furthermore, the study's primary focus was employees of small and medium enterprises. To collect data, the questionnaires were distributed through Google forms. The survey used a snowballing technique because the questionnaires were circulated among the participants. Based on the results, the research found that Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Organizational Justice (POJ) mediate the relationship of Value Congruence (VC) and Job Characteristics (JS) and employee retention in the Lebanese Retail Sector. Employees appreciate POS because it satisfies their desires for acceptance, esteem, and connection and offers comfort during times of stress. Employers must give priority to equal effort to ensure equitable treatment for workers at work. By integrating justice and equality in all departments, the performance of workers may be enhanced.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies focused on financial programs and SMEs' performance, but research on the relationship between non-financial programs, resilience, and SMEs' performance is still sparse. This study fills the gap by analyzing the role of local government in increasing SME resilience and performance by purchasing products (through civil servants) from SMEs and by facilitating online training to SMEs. This study also investigates the role of the local government in strengthening the relationship between resilience and SME performance. Data was collected using an online questionnaire distributed to SMEs in Malang Regency. As many as 410 questionnaires were received and eligible for statistical analysis using WarpPLS. The results show that resilience is positively and significantly related to the performance of SMEs. The local government programs have been proven to improve SME performance directly and indirectly through resilience. Local government programs are not proven to strengthen the relationship between resilience and the performance of SMEs, indicating that the role of government in developing countries such as Indonesia is more appropriate to be "rowing rather than steering" not "steering rather than rowing".