• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.938-945
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• 2005

For elucidating excessive growth of biofilm that subsequently leads to the clogging problem in a small town's sewer lines of Wisconsin, the FISH method was employed. At the beginning of the simulated experiments, ${\beta}$-subclass proteobacteria prevailed in runs fed with industrial wastewater, while ${\gamma}$-subclass proteobacteria dominated in runs with domestic wastewater. However, the bacterial community structure changed significantly over six weeks; Cytophaga-Flavobacterium (CF)­group bacteria dominated in most runs fed with the small town's wastewater regardless of their source, while CF-group decreased strongly in run fed with domestic sewage from another city (Madison). It was also microscopically confirmed that most of those clogging materials was toilet tissue, which in turn may lead to vigorous growth of cellulose-degrading CF-group bacteria. This dominant presence of CF-group bacteria in the small town's sewer indicates that the main constituent of biofilm, toilet tissue (cellulose) in sewage, might have induced the unique pattern of their microbial community structure. Therefore, it suggests that molecular technique is useful for monitoring the clogging problems in sewer lines.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.245-258
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• 2007

The single-modal Weibull model has been assessed on Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber if a set of shape and scale parameters accurately reproduced the effect of the size of the diameter on strength. The tensile data of a single fiber have been divided into two expedient groups as 'small diameter' group and 'large diameter' group in deriving the parameters, which should be consistent if the Weibull model accurately reproduced the size effect. However, the derived Weibull parameters were inconsistent between the two groups. Thereby the authors have concluded that the parameters of the single-modal Weibull model are dependent on the fiber diameter, so that the model is inadequate to reproduce the strength size effect. On the other hand, Weibull parameters were found consistent between the two groups by excluding the data of 'large mirror zone' sample, which was defined as the sample around 10% mirror zone area of the fracture surface. What is more, the exclusion reduced the strength variance more drastically in the 'large diameter' group than in the 'small diameter' group, even though the 'large mirror zone' samples were found identical in the percentage between the two groups. The authors therefore conclude that diameter limitation to the 'small diameter' group level can lead to drastically less distributed strength values than the estimated strength through the Weibull scaling on the present Tyranno ZMI Si-Zr-C-O fiber.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.1 s.41
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• pp.86-95
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• 1993

To investigate perception and attitude toward Group Health Management and Service System for Small and Medium Industries, a survey using self-administered questionnaire was conducted to a part of industries in Inchon, at October 1992. Major dependent variables were perception, attitude, and practice related with Group Health Management and Service System; these variables were measured by 3-point Likert like scale consisted of 7, 5, and 5 items, respectively. Data were collected in 149 industries,72.7% out of 205. Perception nab slightly high, 1.25; attitude was some positive, 1.46; and practice was some passive,0.94. Major determinants of perception, attitude, and practice were sex and age of industry's health manager; perception influenced upon attitude, and perception and attitude had positive effect upon practice. To activate Group Health Management and Service System, it is necessary to develop education and promotion programs for industry's health managers of small and medium industries.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Objective : In order to develop a novel nerve guidance channel using porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) for nerve regeneration, we investigated the possibility of SIS, a tissue consisting of acellular collagen material without cellular immunogenicity, and containing many kinds of growth factors, as a natural material with a new bioactive functionality. Methods : Left sciatic nerves were cut 5 mm in length, in 14 Sprague-Dawley rats. Grafts between the cut nerve ends were performed with a silicone tube (Silicon group, n=7) and rolled porcine SIS (SIS group, n=7). All rats underwent a motor function test and an electromyography (EMG) study on 4 and 10 weeks after grafting. After last EMG studies, the grafts, including proximal and distal nerve segments, were retrieved for histological analysis. Results : Foot ulcers, due to hypesthesia, were fewer in SIS group than in Silicon group. The run time tests for motor function study were 2.67 seconds in Silicon group and 5.92 seconds in SIS group. Rats in SIS group showed a better EMG response for distal motor latency and amplitude than in Silicon group. Histologically, all grafts contained some axons and myelination. However, the number of axons and the degree of myelination were significantly higher in SIS group than Silicon group. Conclusion : These results show that the porcine SIS was an excellent option as a natural biomaterial for peripheral nerve regeneration since this material contains many kinds of nerve growth factors. Furthermore, it could be used as a biocompatible barrier covering neural tissue.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.303-309
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• 1993

Between November 1983 and December 1992, 121 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy in Inje University, Seoul Paik Hospital. Of these,97 patients were evaluable and analyzed retrospectively. Group 1 (n=62)was treated with radiotherapy alone and group 2 (n=35) combined with chemotherapy. There were 7 patients, 1 patient with stage I and II ,20 patients, 11 patients with stage IIIA,28 patients, 20 patients with stage IIIB, and 6 patients, 3 patients with stage IV, respectively. Ninety percent of patients received more than 5000 cGy of radiaton. Median survival of patients in group 1 was 9 months, group 2 was 15 months. Overall 2 year survival rates of group 1 and 2 were $37\%\;and\;27\%$, respectively. Relapse free survival rates at 2 year were $27\%\;and\;15\%$, respectively. Overall survival rates at 5 year for group 1 and 2 were $15\%\;and\;11\%$, and relapse free survival rates were $16\%\;and\;6\%,$ respectively. Median survival of complete and partial responders was 47 months in group 1,18 months in group 2, and those of stable or progression was 6 months,11 months, respectively. The proportion of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis was not significantly different between group 1 and 2. The majority of relapse developed within 2 years. Although 2 cases of severe esophagitis and myelosuppression were noted in group 2, the treatment related toxicity was relatively acceptable. Our analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups in terms of response rate, survival, and sites of relapse.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.72-111
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• 1996

Background: Group occupational health program by non-for-profit agency, started five years ago, for management of health problems in small and medium sized industries, is one of the measures to cope with limited human and financial resources in occupational health. The program has been rapidly expanding to include 54 participating institutions, private as well as public, all over the country. In spite of its potential impact on health of employees and practice of occupational health in small and medium sized industries, comprehensive evaluation in terms of quality has not been tried. Objectives : The aim of this study are to develop and apply criteria to assess quality of newly developed Korean group occupational health program. Methods : By defining occupational health services, in particular for small and medium sized industries, as one of the primary health care, we included followings as core elements of sound occupational health program; accessibility, continuity, intersectoral collaboration, comprehensiveness, community participation, technical quality, adequacy, focus on preventive services, acceptability, and workers' satisfaction. Again we divided each elements into five major components of national health system infrastructures developed by World Health Organization; development of health resources organized arrangement or resources, delivery of health care, economic support, and management. In turn, we categorized each component into input, process and outcome aspects. After discussions in expert panel, several criteria were selected for evaluation of program. The criteria were modified according to each group of interviewees. Results: We developed five sets of questionnaire that evaluate the quality of 'Group occupational health program'. Conclusion : The refining of the measurement tool and the continuing evaluation process for the 'Group occupational health institute' should be done further.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.631-638
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• 2015

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of semi-dried small squid Idiosepius paradoxus treated with grapefruit Citrus paradisi seed extract (GSE) during refrigerated storage for 6 months. The moisture content and water activity decreased significantly in both control and GSE-treated groups with increasing storage time, but there was no significant difference between groups. During storage, the degree of water activity reduction was lower in the GSE-treated group than in the control. The pH change was similar in both groups during storage. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of the GSE-treated group was lower than that of the control until 4 months of storage, and was subsequently higher than in the control group. The Hunter color L value did not differ significantly during storage between groups, whereas the a and b values decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both groups with increasing storage time. The hardness value of the semi-dried small squid increased with storage time, but there was no statistical difference between GSE treatment and control. There were more viable cells in the control group than the GSE-treated group after 5 months of storage. According to the sensory evaluation, neither the taste, color, odor, nor texture differed statistically during storage between groups, while overall acceptability was significantly lower in the GSE-treated group than the control after 6 months of storage.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.383-392
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• 1996

An observation and evaluation of the reproducibility of the mandibular movements has been a integral part of a test for mandibular function and dysfunction. After Pantographic Reproducibility Index(PRI) was introduced in dentistry, many authors have used the index for investigation of mandibular movement function, especially in condylar compartment. Howerer, the difficult and time-consuming work of instrumentation for getting the PRI has been a major obstacle in using pantograph. This study was performed to try a new mandibular reproducibility index, so-called BioEGN reproducibility index(BERI), calculated from mandibular trajectory recorded with BioEGN. 26 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and 22 patients with temporomandibular disorders took part in this study and classed to control group and patients group, respectively. Pantronic and BioEGN were used to record and calculate the indices, PRI and BERI. PRI had only one value, but BERI had two values of outgoing and incoming movement in each scale. With two scales of small and large, as a result, BERI had four values in this study. PRI corresponded to BERI in small scale on outgoing total movements. The data were calculated and analyzed with SAS/stat program and the conclusion of this study were as follows : 1. In every scales, in each movement, BERI on outgoing movement in control group was lower than that in patients group, respectively, but BERI on incoming movement was only different in one side movement, that was, left excursion. 2. The difference between BERI on outgoing movement and BERI on incoming movement was only shown in small scale on total movements, not in each movement, in control group. However, there was generally a positive correlationship between BERI on outgoing movement and BERI on incoming movement in each movement in both groups. 3. Simple statistics of PRI was similar to that of BERI on total movements in small scale, but there was a negative correlation between PRI and BERI on total movements in large sclae only in patients group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to potective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in piglets by administration of the PEDV antiserum orally at 2 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. six piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with PEDV at five-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with PEDV only. Serum antibody titers against PEDV were examined by serum neutralization (SN) test, dectection for PEDV or PEDV antigen from feces and small intestines was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunoflurescence (IFA). The results obtained were as follows; 1. The piglets administered the PEDV antiserum showed higher antibody titers than those of control group and sustained during the experimental period. 2. The detection rate of PEDV in feces and small intestines by RT-PCR were 26.2% and 16.7% in PEDV antiserum treated group and 48.1 % and 75.0% in control group, respectively. 3. The detection rate of PEDV antigen in the small intestine by IFA were 0% in PEDV antiserum treated group and 50.0% in control group, respectively. It was concluded that oral administration of antiserum against PEDV to piglets was effective in preventing PEDV infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate to potective effects against transmissible gastyoenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in piglets by administration of the TGEV antiserum orally at 5 hrs, 24hrs and 36hrs after birth. five piglets administered the antiserum were experimentally infected with TGEV at four-day-old. Control group were four piglets infected with TGEV only. Serum antibody titers against TGEV were examined by serum neutralization(SN) test, dectection for TGEV or TGEV antigen from feces and small intestines was tested by reverse transcrption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunoflurescence (IFA). The results obtained were as follows; 1. The piglets administered the TGEV antiserum showed higher antibody titers than those of control group and sustained during the experimental period. 2. The detection rate of TGEV in feces and small intestines by RT- PCR were 24.5% and 20.0% in TGEV antiserum treated group and 44.0% and 75.0% in control group, respectively. 3 The detection rate of TGEV antigen in the small intestine by IFA were 26.7% in TGEV antiserum treated group and 75.0% in control group, respectively. It was concluded that oral administration of antiserum against TGEV to piglets was effective in preventing TGEV infection.