• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.375-389
• /
• 2024

Soil erosion, a critical environmental issue primarily driven by water and wind, has severe consequences, including the loss of fertile agricultural land, degradation of water quality, and sediment accumulation in riverbeds. This study utilized the SSEM (surface soil erosion model), a physically-based distributed model, to simulate the rainfall-runoff-sediment dynamics associated with short-term rainfall events in the Naerin River basin. A spatial analysis of erosion and deposition was conducted, taking into account topographical factors such as local slope and overland flow length. The study area was segmented into six sub-catchments using Strahler's stream order method to examine the correlation between geographic factors and erosion or deposition. The findings revealed that erosion was predominant within flow path distances of 0 - 1 km (adjacent to the river) and 3 - 4 km (in the upper catchment areas). Notably, deposition did not occur in areas beyond 2.5 km from the river. Furthermore, it was observed that average erosion depth increased on steeper slopes (exceeding 0.3 - 0.4 degrees), whereas deposition was absent in these steep slope classes.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제64권1호
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 1984

산복사방공사시공지(山腹砂防工事施工地)에 대한 식생회복(植生回復)은 지형(地形), 지질(地質), 강수상황(降水狀況), 공법(工法) 등 여러 요인(要因)의 복합작용(複合作用)에 의하여 좌우(左右)되나 본(本) 조사지(調査地)에서는 지형(地形)을 제외(除外)한 타요인(他要因)은 그 조건(條件)이 같으므로 제외하고 지형(地形)과 식생피도(植生被度)의 관계(關係)를 조사하여 산복공사공법(山腹事工工法) 개선(改善)의 자료(資料)를 얻고자 조사연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 사면별(斜面別) 평균피도(平均被度)는 하강사면(下降斜面)(80%), 평형사면(平衡斜面)(78.7%), 복합사면(複合斜面)(64.0%), 상승사면(上昇斜面)(56.5%)의 순위(順位)로 낮아지며, 4 사면(斜面)의 평균피도(平均被度)는 69.8%로 사면형(斜面形)은 피도형성(被度形成)에 영향을 준다. 2) 평균피도형성(平均被度形成)에는 토양함수율(土壤含率水), 평균경사(平均傾斜)가 영향을 준다. 3) 산복공사시공(山腹工事施工) 초기(初期)에 있어서는 목본종피도(木本種被度)(14.8%)는 초본종(草本種)(55.0%)에 비하여 피도(被度)가 매우 낮다. 4) 독라지(禿裸地)에 대한 식생회복(植生回復) 방법(方法)은 인공식재(人工植栽) 혹은 파종(播種)으로 하여야 하고 특히 산복공사시공(山腹工事施工) 초기(初期)에 있어서는 자연식생종(自然植生種)에 의한 식생회복(植生回復)은 어렵다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 2009

우리나라의 자연재해는 대부분 풍수해에 의해 발생하며, 강우시 산비탈이 갑작스럽게 붕괴되는 산사태로 인해 큰 재난을 겪고 있다. 사면파괴를 유발하는 요인은 다양하고 요인들이 서로 관련이 있기 때문에 어느 하나의 요인에 의하여 사면파괴의 발생을 설명할 수는 없으나, 외적요인 중 강우는 가장 중요한 외적요인이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 무보강된 일반사면과 친환경 호안구조물로 사면보호공법이 적용된 사면을 대상으로 실내 강우재현실험을 수행하였으며, 강우강도와 사면경사에 따른 유출량과 저류량을 분석하여 호안구조물의 침식에 대한 사면보호효과에 대하여 검토하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2013

본 논문은 강우에 의해 발생하는 얕은 사면파괴와 토석류의 원인인 사면 표층에서의 침식과 세굴을 분석하기 위해 무보강 사면에 대한 모형토조 실험을 수행하고, 표면침식의 방지를 위해 flyash를 주재료로 사용한 식생가능 지반 개량재를 이용한 보강사면의 침식작용에 대해 비교분석하였다. 2011년 국토해양부의 비탈면 설계기준에 따르면 우기시 사면의 안정성 평가는 지하수위를 지표면에 위치하여 해석하는 단점을 보완하기 위해 불포화 침투해석을 통한 사면 표층의 얕은파괴에 대한 설계기준을 제시하였다. 추가된 사면 안정성평가를 위해 본 연구에서 언급할 지반 개량재는 기존의 사면표층보호공법인 식생공법이나 이질재료를 덧붙여 보강하는 공법이 아닌 침식 및 세굴에 취약한 원지반토의 전단강도를 증가시켜 침식 및 세굴에 저항을 증가시키고, 표면에 식생이 가능한 지반개량재이다(Bhang, 2007). 본 연구에서 적용한 부분은 사면 표층의 강도 확인과 침식에 대한 감소, 그리고 사면의 안정성 평가에 대한 주된 논의를 하였다. 강우로 인한 표면침식을 확인하기 위해 강우재현장치를 실내에 구축하였으며, 실험결과로 표면침식의 크기는 시료의 전단강도의 크기에 따라 반비례하는 경향을 보였다. 무보강 사면과 보강 사면의 표층에서 침식정도의 비율은 실험결과 1:5 정도로 큰 차이를 보였고, 표층에 흐르는 빗물로 인한 세류침식은 강우량 45mm(강우강도 110mm/hr 일 때, 25분 경과)의 크기일 때 무보강 사면에서 발생하였으나, 보강사면에서는 보다 강한 330mm(강우강도 110mm/hr 일 때, 3시간 경과)의 강우량에서도 세류침식을 발견할 수 없었다. 두 가지 사면의 안정성 검토에서, 우기시에 무보강 사면은 표층에서 사면파괴가 발생하였다. 사면 안정성을 위해 soil nailing으로 사면을 보강할 때보다 flyash로 제작한 지반 개량재로 표층을 보강할 때, 경제적인 측면에서의 효율성 제고와 더불어 보다 신속히 안정성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권12호
• /
• pp.1015-1025
• /
• 2021

Our research work aimed to evaluate cover crop effects of winter rye on soil characteristics, soil conservation, and yield productivities on potato fields with 15% slope during a fallowed period. There were two controls of bared field without any cultivation and conventional potato cultivation without winter rye. Potato cultivation increased soil pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable cation regardless of cover crop cultivation. Sub-soil, particularly, all components of soil chemical properties showed higher value in winter rye cultivation than conventional cultivation. Higher soil density was observed on cover crop cultivation than conventional cultivation resulting from root residues of the cover crop both topsoil and subsoil. Cover crop residues positively affected plant growth and reduced the amount of soil erosion by holding the soil. Although severe soil erosion was seen in conventional cultivation, winter rye cultivation declined soil erosion by 47% during the fallow period on potato slope fields. Distinct soil bacterial communities were detected among treatments and some OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit)s showed significantly higher abundance in winter rye treatment. Total yield and commercial rate demonstrated no significant differences while higher tuber phosphate, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents were observed in winter rye cultivation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.1295-1299
• /
• 2008

Soil erosion is a natural process and has been occurring in most areas in the watershed. However, accelerated soil erosion rates have been causing numerous environmental impacts in recent years. To reduce soil erosion and sediment inflow into the water bodies, site-specific soil erosion best management practices (BMPs) need to be established and implemented. The most commonly used soil erosion model is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which have been used in many countries over 30 years. The Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) ArcView GIS system has been developed and enhanced to estimate the soil erosion and sediment yield from the watershed using the USLE input data. In the last decade, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model also has been widely used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield at a watershed scale. The SATEEC system estimates the LS factor using the equation suggested by Moore and Burch, while the SWAT model estimates the LS factor based on the relationship between sub watershed average slope and slope length. Thus the SATEEC and SWAT estimated soil erosion values were compared in this study. The differences in LS factor estimation methods in the SATEEC and SWAT caused significant difference in estimated soil erosion. In this study, the difference was -51.9%(default threshold)$\sim$-54.5%(min. threshold) between SATEEC and non-patched SWAT, and -7.8%(default threshold)$\sim$+3.8%(min. threshold) between SATEEC and patched SWAT estimated soil erosion.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2008

Soil erosion is a natural process and has been occurring in most areas in the watershed. However, accelerated soil erosion rates have been causing numerous environmental impacts in recent years. To reduce soil erosion and sediment inflow into the water bodies, site-specific soil erosion best management practices(BMPs) need to be established and implemented. The most commonly used soil erosion model is the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE), which have been used in many countries over 30 years. The Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control(SATEEC) ArcView GIS system has been developed and enhanced to estimate the soil erosion and sediment yield trom the watershed using the USLE input data. In the last decade, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model also has been widely used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield at a watershed scale. The SATEEC system estimates the LS factor using the equation suggested by Moore and Burch, while the SWAT model estimates the LS factor based on the relationship between sub watershed average slope and slope length. Thus the SATEEC and SWAT estimated soil erosion values were compared in this study. The differences in LS factor estimation methods in the SATEEC and SWAT caused significant difference in estimated soil erosion. In this study, the difference was -51.9%(default threshold)${\sim}-54.5%$(min. threshold) between SATEEC and non-patched SWAT, and -7.8%(default threshold)${\sim}+3.8%$(min. threshold) between SATEEC and patched SWAT estimated soil erosion.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국측량학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.527-531
• /
• 2006

Recently, the development project is conducting disaster effect estimation to breed disaster, and cope these disaster beforehand provoking soil erosion and flood. Therefore, it is became important to analysis and reduce of these disaster. In this study, receive value of LS and C factor of soil erosion through the digital image. The method of photogrammetry was employed for the efficient surveying and analysis of cutting slope using Remote Control Helicopter installed with a nonmetric digital camera. As a result, we obtain more objectivity value of soil erosion factor using digital image analysis.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2006

Changes in the soil physical property and the topographic condition derived from agricultural activities like as farming activities, land clearance and cutting down resulted in environmental and economic problems including the outflow of nutrient from farms and the water pollution. Several theories on the soil conservation have been developed and reviewed to protect soil erosion in the regions having a high risk of erosion. This study was done using the USLE model developed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978), and model for the slope length and steepness made by Desmet and Govers (1996), and Nearing (1997) to evaluate the potential of the soil erodibility. Therefore, several results were obtained as follows. First, factors affecting the soil erosion based on the USLE could be extracted to examine the erosion potential in farms. Soil erodibility (K), slope length (L), and slope steepness (S) were used as main factors in the USLE in consideration of the soil, not by the land use or land cover. Second, the soil erodibility increased in paddy soils where it is low in soil content, and the very fine sandy loam exists. Analysis of the slope length showed that the value of a flat ground was 1, and the maximum value was 9.17 appearing on the steep mountain. Soil erodibility showed positive relationship to a slope. Third, the potential soil erodibility index (PSEI) showed that it is high in the PSEI of the areas of steep upland and orchard on the slope of mountainous region around Dokjigol mountain, Dunji mountain, and Deummit mountain. And the PSEI in the same land cover was different depending on the slope rather than on the physical properties in soil. Forth, the analysis of land suitability in soil erosion explained that study area had 3,672.35ha showing the suitable land, 390.88ha for the proper land, and 216.54ha for the unsuitable land. For unsuitable land, 8.71ha and 6.29ha were shown in fallow uplands and single cropping uplands, respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2016

The objectives of this study were to establish the slope criteria and analyze the forest land restoration plan in North Korea. Reviewing the literature of the countries, the relationships among the climate, erosion controls, and slope criteria with forest restoration programmes, implemented were analyzed. Comparison of forest land management policies was conducted between South and North Korea. The soil erosion controls using biological barriers were at $15{\sim}20^{\circ}$slopes in arid climate regions and $25{\sim}30^{\circ}$ in humid climate regions. In the case of South Korea, an afforestation policy from the "Act on Clearance Project of Slash-and Burn Agriculture" of 1966 was enforced on mountains with slope greater than $20^{\circ}$, however, at present, the "Marginal Cropping Land Policy" recommends cropping lands with slope bigger than $8.5^{\circ}$ to forest land. In 1961, in "Land Reclamation of One Million Hectare", North Korea reclaimed additional cropping lands with slope bigger than $8.5^{\circ}$, and currently, the "Act on Forestry" states to enforce reforestation with slope bigger than $20^{\circ}$. This study recommends that South Korea aids for forest land restoration in North Korea based on the different stages of their development on reconciliation and cooperation between South and North Korea.