• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.263-267
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to find out the varietal differences in the relationships of chlorophyll and nitrogen concentration with leaf greenness value (SPAD value). We used two rice varieties with different leaf color type: Hwaseongbyeo has pale green leaves, and Gwanganbyeo has dark green leaves. SPAD value was correlated with chlorophyll a concentration significantly in both varieties, but not with chlorophyll b in Hwaseongbyeo. The correlation coefficients between SPAD value and nitrogen concentration of rice flag leaves were highly significant. However, the regression analysis between SPAD value and nitrogen concentration of rice flag leaves showed different relation among varieties. The slope of the regression line in Gwanganbyeo was steeper than that in Hwaseongbyeo. In conclusion, SPAD value can be applied to estimate the chlorophyll a concentration without consideration of varietal differences. Chlorophyll b and nitrogen concentration in the leaf were regressed to the SPAD values differently with varieties. This implies that the SPAD value can not be used directly to estimate chlorophyll b and nitrogen concentration without consideration of varietal differences.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2012

Purpose : IRMA method for the experimental reagents, as set out in the manual settings for doing and reporting the test results should, in principle. But many of the reagents allows for the setting of the plot does not have a lot of information. Depending on the angle setting of the table make a difference in test results and what settings are best suited to investigate. Materials and Methods : The hospital has Boramae DREAM10, Cobra, SR-300's using the Immunotech TSH reagents have been compared with the measurements. Since then there using EXCEL calculation of the equipment compared with the measurement. Results : In the comparison between each piece of equipment 1.SR-300: DREAM 10 y = 1.1376x - 0.046 (LOG-LOGIT), 2.SR-300: COBRA y = 1.0985x + 0.042 (LOG-LOG) 3.DREAM10: COBRA y = 0.965x + 0.0887 (LOG-LOG) was the result. In all charts the same X, Y axis, X values were good in general when you have. Linear-Logit value of Cobra Dream10 and Excel tends to match the calculated values provided. Conclusion : Is to guide the B / max, B / Total Logit Y axis of the chart is set to draw a look at the value equation when the X-axis LOG a high concentration are disadvantages rising urgently toward the slope. Linear-Logit plots close to the straight line has a curve. If you have a chart to guide on setting AS setting and therefore, set to guide the absence of information on the need to set up the experiment are thought to pass through.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.86-97
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• 2007

The principal component analysis was performed to identify the general characteristics of groundwater level changes from 202 deep and 112 shallow wells monitoring data, respectively, which came from the National Groundwater Monitoring Stations operated by KWATER with time spans of 156 continuous weeks from 2003 to 2005. Eight principal components, which accounted for 80% of the variability of the original time series, were extracted for water levels of shallow and deep monitoring wells. As a result of cluster analysis using the loading value of three principal components for shallow wells, shallow monitoring wells were divided into 3 groups which were characterized with a response time to rainfall (Group 1: 4.6 days, Group 2: 24.1 days, Group 3: 1.4 days), average long-term trend of water level (Group 1: $2.05{\times}10^{-4}$ m/day, Group 2: $-7.85{\times}10^{-4}$ m/day, Group 3: $-3.51{\times}10^{-5}$ m/day) and water level difference (Group 1 < Group 2 < Group 3). Additionally, they showed significant differences according to a distance to the nearest stream from well (Group 3 < Group 2 < Group 1), topographic slope of well site (Group 3: plain region, Group 1: mountainous region) and groundwater recharge rate (Group 3 < Group 2 < Group 1) with a p-value of 0.05.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2013

This study was conducted to suggest a model to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient of single layer covering for various greenhouse conditions. There was a strong correlation between cover surface temperature and inside air temperature of greenhouse. The equations to calculate the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients proposed by Kittas were best fitted for calculation of the overall heat transfer coefficient. Because the coefficient of linear regression between the calculated and measured cover surface temperature was founded to 0.98, the slope of the straight line is 1.009 and the intercept is 0.001, the calculation model of overall heat transfer coefficient proposed by this study is acceptable. The convective heat transfer between the inner cover surface and the inside air was greater than the radiative heat transfer, and the difference increased as the wind speed rose. The convective heat transfer between the outer cover surface and the outside air was less than the radiative heat transfer for the low wind speed, but greater than for the high wind speed. The outer cover convective heat flux increased proportion to the inner cover convective heat flux linearly. The overall heat transfer coefficient increased but the cover surface temperature decreased as the wind speed increased, and the regression function was founded to be logarithmic and power function, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.68-79
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• 2018

An examination of the characteristics of the ground material in is very important in a ground investigation. Casagrande classified soil using the material properties of soils. The liquid-plastic limit test is useful for obtaining basic information of soil, and is an effective method for classifying silt and clay, as well as the material properties, such as shear strength, shrinkage, and expansion. Unlike the liquid limit test, the plasticity limit test is due to the ambiguity of the test procedure. Many geotechnical engineers and scholars have questioned the test results. In this study, a new plasticity limit method was used to compare with the thread rolling method with kaolinite, ilite and bentonite at a certain ratio, and samples were collected from the west coast of Korea. As a result of the comparison, the test value of the new test method showed high reproducibility because the error range of the test value of the conventional thread rolling test was only 10% but the error range of the new test values decreased to 2%. The difference in the slope of the existing plasticity test values was 0.1519 ~ 0.1925, and the results of the test were similar or coincided with each other. Aone - point method was proposed to make it easier to apply the new test method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the site and growth characteristics of dominating Cornus controversa in the hardwood stands at Mt. Gariwang and Mt. Joongwang area located in Pyungchang-gun, Kangwon-do. The C. controversa was mainly distributed at the rather steep slope and aspect facing from northeast to northwest, and altitudes ranging from 800 to 1,100m. The C. controversa grew at relatively deep A soil layer with high moisture and nutrients. Major competing species in upper stories were Quercus mongolica, Acer mandshuricum, Salix hulteni, Acer pictum, and herb plants such as Polystichum tripteron, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Meehania urticifolia, Pseudostellaria pahbiniana, Ligularia fischeri, Impatiens noli-tangere, Corydalis speciosa in the floor. The average annual diameter growth of C. controversa according to the altitude was $4.06({\pm}0.90)mm$ below 900m, $2.51({\pm}0.65)mm$ from 900 to 1,000m, $3.28({\pm}0.12)mm$ from 1,000m to 1,100m and $2.81({\pm}0.35)mm$ above 1,100m. Good annual growth was shown at northwest site, but no difference due to micro-topography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

Chronic kidney disease can be treated if it is detected early, but as the disease progresses, it becomes impossible to recover. Finally, renal replacement therapy such as transplantation or dialysis should be used. Ultrasonography is used to diagnose kidney cancer, inflammatory disease, nodular disease, and chronic kidney disease. It is used to identify information about degree of inflammation using information such as kidney size, internal echo characteristics. Currently, the degree of disease in the clinic uses the value of glomerular filtration rate. However, even in ultrasound, changes in the degree of inflammation and disease can be observed. In this study, we used ultrasound images to quantify the changes in brightness, size, cortex, and subclinical changes of the kidney with progression of the disease, and compared them with the glomerular filtration rate used in clinical practice. In 105 cases, we performed 35 cases of normal kidney, 35 cases of early kidney disease, and 35 cases of terminal kidney. The brightness of the cortex of the image was obtained and the difference in brightness between the cortex and the proximal portion was obtained by the slope. The graph of the portion which was not smooth due to the ultrasonic characteristics was used as the function regrass. The size reduction was obtained from the original data. The results were as follows: It was proportional to the glomerular filtration rate. It is considered that the algorithm can be applied to the disease if the algorithm study continues.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.398-404
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• 2000

We examined the effect of soil:water ratio on the equivalent concentration of individual electrolyte species and the electrical conductivities (EC) of the diluted extracts of 24 soil samples (loam or silt loam) collected from rose-cultivated plastic houses to estimate the EC of saturated soil-paste extracts (ECe) from diluted soil extracts. With increasing volume ratio of water (higher dilution), the equivalent concentrations of each electrolyte species and their sum increased. The relative contribution to the EC, however, was highest for $NO_3{^-}$, irrespective of soil:water ratio. The measured ECe was 6.36 for loam and $8.09dS\;m^{-1}$ for silt loam soils and the corresponding soil:water ratio was 0.38 and 0.50, respectively. The EC_e estimated from the EC of diluted extracts at 1:1, 1:2, or 1:5 soil:water ratios using their corresponding uniform diluted factors was lower than the measured EC_e and this difference was greater with higher dilution and EC values. Therefore, the alternative diluted factors (y) for each soil: water ratio were obtained following the definition of diluted factor and were correlated significantly with volume ratios of added water (x): y=1.55x+0.5 for loam and y=1.21x+0.48 for silt loam soils. On the other hand, correlation analyses of the EC of soil extracts (y) to the volume ratio of added water (x) on log-log scale yielded linear models: logy = -0.805logx + logb, SD of slope=0.05, b=sample specific constant, n=24). With known saturation percentage of a sample representing a group and and the EC of diluted extract of a given soil, the EC_e could be predicted using the proposed logarithmic equation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Among the biodegradability tests, TOC-HANDAI and OECD method were utilized to examine the degree of biodegradation of endocrine disruptors, Bisphenol A (BPA) and Nonylphenol. Both methods used natural water microcosms and measured their biodegrada-bilities of BPA and Nonylphenol, in terms of TOC or DOC degradation with time for 28 days. Biodegradabilities for BPA, 73-78% with TOC-HANDAI method and 77-81% with OECD method were obtained respectively at the end of experiment. There was no difference in BPA degradation between two methods. BPA degradation was described by two distinct first order decay rates (k$_1$ and k$_2$) which could be separated by a simple visual fitting. Most of the initial decay reaction accelerated within 1-7 days with k$_1$of 0.24-0.34 $day^{-1}$. And the following another long term first order decay coefficient (k$_2$) showed 0.02-0.05 day$^{-1}$ with much flat slope. About 20-25% of initial BPA remained at the end of experiment. It suggests that the remaining TOC components in BPA biodegradation considered to be refractory metabolites of BPA. Nonylphenol at each sampling point was appeared to be mineralized 20-48% of initial TOC concentration. Consequently Nonylphenol seems more recalcitrant against biodegradation. BPA was not detected in the detection limit of ppb in the watershed of Daechung reservoir and Kum river. However 25 ppb concentration of BPA was detected at the influent of industrial wastewater treatment plant in Taejon.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop biosensor for determination of glucose, lactate, and ethanol in foods and food-stuffs simultaneously. The multiple cathode system was prepared with an oxygen electrode having one anode and hexagonal cathode. Glucose oxidase, mutarotase, lactate oxidase, alcohol oxidase and catalase were used for immobilization to determine glucose, lactate, and ethanol. These components including ethanol were simultaneously determined by the immobilized enzymes in the multiple cathode system. The determination of the components by enzyme sensor was based on the maximum slope of oxygen consumption from enzyme reaction of each sensor part. The response time for analysis was 1 min. The optimum condition for glucose, lactate and ethanol sensor was found to be 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at $40^{\circ}C$. Interferences of various sugars and organic acids were investigated. Less than 10% of error was found in determination of the components except organic acids. This difference was compensated by the modified equation. This system was confirmed by conventional methods. It was concluded that the multiple cathode system of this study is for an effective method to determine sugar, organic acid, ethanol simultaneously in foods.