• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2001

To simulate an actual slip to measure floor slipperiness, slip resistance testers simulate slip in only forward direction because forward slip in the landing phase was found to be the most important factor for loss of balance. Backward slip in the take off phase was possible but was excluded in the friction test protocol because it was not dangerous. However, backward slip was tested in the friction test protocol without any theoretical background of the significance in generating dangerous slips and falls and was proven to be as good as forward slip in measuring floor slipperiness. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the significance of backward slip in generating dangerous slips and falls with different combinations of floor and shoe sole. The results showed different tendency of backward slip in take off phase being significant in generating dangerous slips and falls because backward slip in the takeoff phase affected gait pattern disturbances seriously. resulted in dangerous falls. Fast toe velocity increased the severity of backward slip and confirmed the significance of backward slip in generating dangerous slips and falls. As a result, this study recommends the utilization of backward slip in the measurement of floor slipperiness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.27-28
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• 2021

For Barrier-Free certification, the floor and ground surfaces must be finished with materials that are not slippery, flat, and have low-impact in fallis. However, the BF Certification Act does not provide specific methods to meet these regulations. In performance-based design, the responsibility of proving the performance rests with the building owner and architect, so quantitative evaluation indexes are needed to select suitable materials. Furthermore, changes in performance after completion should be checked periodically in 'As-Is' conditions. There are various methods for slips, trips and falls risk assessment, causing confusion for users. In this study, the results of previous studies on the evaluation methods of slips, trips and falls were considered closely, and each quantitative evaluation index that can be used in the new construction and maintenance phase was presented.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1999

Among older persons falls are the leading cause of death resulting from injury. The research was conducted to investigate the effects of transitional floor surfaces and visual field obstruction on gait mechanisms in the elderly. Ten college students and ten elderly individuals participated in the experiment. The results indicated that walking on transitional floor surfaces and carrying a light load changed the elderly individuals biomechanical parameters of gait mechanisms more significantly than their younger counterparts in terms of slip severity. The result implies that the types of floor material placed in the homes of elderly individuals and in public places should minimize transitional floor surfaces and the elderly individuals should be made aware of the danger of slipping even when carrying a light load.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.434-440
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• 2018

Background: In industrial countries, home care of community dwelling elderly people is rapidly growing. Frequent injuries in home caregivers result from slips, trips, and falls (STFs). The current study tests attentional cognitive failure to mediate the association between work stressors and STFs. Methods: A sample of 125 home caregivers participated in a questionnaire study and reported work interruptions, unreasonable tasks, quality-threatening time pressure, conscientiousness, attentional cognitive failures, and STFs. Results: In structural equation modeling, the mediation model was shown to fit empirical data. Indirect paths with attentional cognitive failures as the link between work stressors and STF were all significant in bootstrapping tests. An alternative accident-prone person model, that suggests individual differences in conscientiousness to predict attentional cognitive failures that predict more frequent work stressors and STFs, showed no significant paths between work conditions and STFs. Conclusion: To prevent occupational injury, work should be redesigned to reduce work interruptions, unreasonable tasks, and quality-threatening time pressure in home care.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1992.04b
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• pp.345-346
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2021

Although various laws and regulations have been put in place to prevent slips and falls, many accidents still occur. In this study, the root cause of slips and falls not decreasing were investigated. There are five types of slip resistance test methods in the Korean Industrial Standards (KS). Namely, KS F 2375:2016, KS F 2601:2020, KS F 2602:2016, KS L 1001:2020, and KS G 5821-1:2020 are listed. These test methods are cited in building certification standards (BF and G-SEED), construction specifications, and other documents that specify slip safety criteria. As a result of the investigation, a number of errors in KS regulations and legal text, errors in the manufacture and operation of slip testers, and errors in the use of measured values were found. These errors threaten the public life safety and disrupt industrial sites, and must be corrected immediately.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-349
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• 1996

A study was conducted to find the possible relationship between slip distance and dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) through the biomechanical study of slips and falls using a broader variety of floors and levels of slipperiness than those used before. Four different floor surfaces covering the full range of floor slipperiness (with and without on oil contaminant) were prepared for ten subjects with each walking at a fixed velocity. The results showed that slip distance and heel velocity had a decreasing trend while stride length had a increasing trend as DCOF increased. The contaminant effect overpowered floor slipperiness effect because a higher DCOF surface with oil contaminant created longer slip distance than the lower DCOF with dry floor. Normal gait pattern and suggested heel velocity (10 to 20 cm/sec) were seen on dry floors but abnormally longer stride length and 5 to 10 times faster heel velocity were found an oily floors. In other words, faster heel velocity (greater than 10 to 20 cm/sec) is recommended to measure DCOF on oily floors because the assumption of normal gait was no longer valid.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of occupational accidents by work type among municipal sanitation workers. Methods: The original data of occupational accidents in 2009 by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency were analyzed by frequency and percentage using the SAS Version 9.1. Results: The types of occupational accident were as follows: slips and trips, falls, musculoskeletal disorders, traffic accident, collision, amputation, cut & puncture, crush injuries, strenuous movement and drop/fly. Slips and trips occurred most frequently in domestic waste collection and street sweeping. The traffic accident showed the highest incidence in food waste collection. Falls occurred most frequently in recycling waste collection. Musculoskeletal disorders showed the highest incidence in large waste collection. Conclusion: Depending on the work type, types of occupational accident were different. The results of this study can provide the information for the development of the occupational accident prevention programs of municipal sanitation workers.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2023

Background: Despite fall prevention strategies suggested by researchers, falls are still a major health concern in older adults. Understanding factors that differentiate successful versus unsuccessful balance recovery may help improve the prevention strategies. Objects: The purpose of this review was to identify biomechanical factors that differentiate successful versus unsuccessful balance recovery in the event of a fall. Methods: The literature was searched through Google Scholar and PubMed. The following keywords were used: 'falls,' 'protective response,' 'protective strategy,' 'automated postural response,' 'slips,' 'trips,' 'stepping strategy,' 'muscle activity,' 'balance recovery,' 'successful balance recovery,' and 'failed balance recovery.' Results: A total of 64 articles were found and reviewed. Most of studies included in this review suggested that kinematics during a fall was important to recover balance successfully. To be successful, appropriate movements were required, which governed by several things depending on the direction and characteristics of the fall. Studies also suggested that lower limb muscle activity and joint moments were important for successful balance recovery. Other factors associated with successful balance recovery included fall direction, age, appropriate protective strategy, overall health, comorbidity, gait speed, sex and anticipation of the fall. Conclusion: This review discusses biomechanical factors related to successful versus unsuccessful balance recovery to help understand falls. Our review should help guide future research, or improve prevention strategies in the area of fall and injuries in older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2023

This study analyzes the importance and implementation of countermeasures to reduce safety accidents that may occur during fishing in coastal gillnet fishing. Safety accidents that may occur in coastal gillnet fishing were classified into 56 measurement items in six areas: slips and trips, contact with machinery, falls, struck by object, musculoskeletal symptoms, and electrical shock. 35 fishermen belonging to coastal gillnet associations in Tongyeong and Namhae were selected as samples, and the importance and implementation of the proposed measurement items were investigated in the field. In addition, the results were evaluated visually by IPA analysis. As a result of the analysis, the importance of struck by object was the highest, and the implementation of slips and trips was the highest. On the other hand, prevention of musculoskeletal damage was found to be the lowest in both importance and implementation. The area with the most significant difference in importance and implementation by the classified area for measurement items was struck by object, and the area with the minor difference was slips and trips. Among the measurement items, the importance is highly recognized, but there are items with low implementation. To improve their level of implementation, countermeasures such as continuous education, economic support, and structural change of fishing boats should be prepared; moreover, policy support activities for implementation should be carried out.