• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2005

Objectives: Much attention has been paid to sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in the elderly because of its high prevalence. It is expected that SAS in the elderly has both similarities and differences compared to SAS in the young or middle-aged populations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics and consequences of SAS in the elderly. Methods: In this study we included 210 young or middle-aged adults between 23 and 59 years (20 women and 190 men) and 65 older adults between 60 and 83 years of age (16 women and 49 men). Respiratory disturbance indices (RDIs) of the study subjects were more than 5 in an overnight polysomnography. They completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Informations about body mass index (BMI), neck, waist, and hip measurements, and blood pressure were obtained. Results: No difference was observed between older adults with SAS (older SAS) and adults aged under 60 with SAS (SAS aged under 60) in RDI, apnea index, % time of oxygen saturation less than 90%, and PSQI. Obstructive apnea index and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were lower in older SAS. Compared to SAS aged under 60, lowest oxygen saturation and central apnea index were higher in older SAS, but they were statistically not significant. BMI and neck circumference were significantly lower in older SAS compared to SAS aged under 60. Diastolic blood pressure was lower in older SAS compared to SAS aged under 60 with no difference in systolic blood pressure. Older SAS showed lower scores in ESS than SAS aged under 60. Significant correlation was observed between RDI and BMI in SAS aged under 60, but not in the case of older SAS. The relationships between RDI and neck circumference, systolic and diastolic pressure, and ESS were similar. Conclusions: The elderly with SAS were not over-weight and there was no relationship between body weight and the severity of SAS. Also, the behavioral and cardiovascular effects of SAS were not marked in the elderly, which might be partly explained by decreased ODI and relatively higher lowest oxygen saturation in older SAS. The normal aging process, aside from increased body weight, might contribute to the development of SAS in the elderly with modest complications.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2002

Objectives: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) corrected elevated blood pressure (BP) in some studies of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) but not in others. Such inconsistent results in previous studies might be due to differences in factors influencing the effects of CPAP on BP. The factors referred to include BP monitoring techniques, the characteristics of subjects, and method of CPAP application. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of one night CPAP application on BP and heart rate (HR) reactivity using non-invasive beat-to-beat BP measurement in normotensive and hypertensive subjects with OSAS. Methods: Finger arterial BP and oxygen saturation monitoring with nocturnal polysomnography were performed on 10 OSAS patients (mean age $52.2{\pm}12.4\;years$; 9 males, 1 female; respiratory disturbance index (RDI)>5) for one baseline night and another CPAP night. Beat-to-beat measurement of BP and HR was done with finger arterial BP monitor ($Finapres^{(R)}$) and mean arterial oxygen saturation ($SaO_2$) was also measured at 2-second intervals for both nights. We compared the mean values of cardiovascular and respiratory variables between baseline and CPAP nights using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Delta ($\Delta$) BP, defined as the subtracted value of CPAP night BP from baseline night BP, was correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), baseline night values of BP, BP variability, HR, HR variability, mean $SaO_2$ and respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and CPAP night values of TWT% (total wake time%) and CPAP pressure, using Spearman's correlation. Results: 1) Although increase of mean $SaO_2$ (p<.01) and decrease of RDI (p<.01) were observed on the CPAP night, there were no significant differences in other variables between two nights. 2) However, delta BP tended to increase or decease depending on BP values of the baseline night and age. Delta systolic BP and baseline systolic BP showed a significant positive correlation (p<.01), but delta diastolic BP and baseline diastolic BP did not show a significant correlation except for a positive correlation in wake stage (p<.01). Delta diastolic BP and age showed a significant negative correlation (p<.05) during all stages except for REM stage, but delta systolic BP and age did not. 3) Delta systolic and diastolic BPs did not significantly correlate with other factors, such as BMI, baseline night values of BP variability, HR, HR variability, mean SaO2 and RDI, and CPAP night values of TWT% and CPAP pressure, except for a positive correlation of delta diastolic pressure and TWT% of CPAP night (p<.01). Conclusions: We observed that systolic BP and diastolic BP tended to decrease, increase or remain still in accordance with the systolic BP level of baseline night and aging. We suggest that BP reactivity by CPAP be dealt with as a complex phenomenon rather than a simple undifferentiated BP decrease.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 2021

Background: It has been reported that a new type of headache may develop as a result of face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features of face mask-related headache during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on healthcare workers at the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. The number of workers at our university was established. Sample size was calculated using the G*Power program. A questionnaire consisting of questions relating to pre-existing headache, an aggravation in headache, and de-novo headache was filled out by 3 neurologists with all participants. Results: Data was collected from a total of 375 participants, after the exclusion of 5 individuals who refused to participate. Out of all participants, 26 (6.9%) used a filtering mask, 274 (73.1%) used a surgical mask, 75 (20.0%) participants used a combination of both masks. The number of participants with preexisting headache was 114 (30.4%) had pre-existing headache. Of those with pre-existing headache, 77 (67.5%) healthcare workers had reported an aggravation in their headache after mask use. De-novo headache was observed in 116 (30.9%) of participants. De-novo headache characteristics included throbbing in 17 (14.7%) participants and pressing in 99 (85.3%) participants. In addition, symptoms such as tachypnea, sleep disturbance, and fatigue were found to be significantly higher. Conclusions: This study indicates that healthcare workers develop headaches due to use of masks during the COVID-19 outbreak.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.44-53
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• 2023

Objectives : This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between multiple factors of traditional Korean Medicine diagnosis and consider the further probabilities of treating people with physical and mental problems not defined as diseases, which is called 'Mibyeong' in traditional Korean Medicine. Methods : 40 healthy participants were included in the observational clinical trial. The participants were asked to complete health questionnaires (e.g. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Stress Response Inventory) and they went through a traditional diagnosis process, including four stages of diagnosis (looking, listening/smelling, inquiring, and pulse taking), by a Korean Medicine doctor. Both the Korean Medicine doctor and an artery tonometry device performed the pulse diagnosis. Results : Although all participants were healthy people with no history of disease, more than half of participants had a problem related with severe level of fatigue (n=19), sleep disturbance (n=26) and stress (n=27) status according to the related questionnaires. Participants diagnosed with phlegm syndrome by the Korean Medicine doctor showed significantly greater score in phlegm pattern questionnaires than participants who were not. However, there was little agreement between the doctor's pulse diagnosis and radial artery tonometry results. Conclusions : We conducted a pulse diagnosis and measured health-related information along with the traditional Korean Medicine diagnose procedure, including four stages of diagnosis, and we found a linkage between diagnosis of phlegm and the phlegm pattern questionnaire score. The results suggest that a number of healthy participants, with no disease diagnosed, have Mibyoung symptoms which need further clinical management. Thus, we suggest that Mibyoung management programs based on qualified diagnosis tools and traditional Korean medicine diagnosis procedures be developed, and that future research using various diagnostic tools be carried out on a large population.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to report improvement of patient with chronic cough treated with Korean medical treatment. Methods : A 12-year-old male patient who began coughing at the end of October 2023 misdiagnosed by a tic disorder and was prescribed oral medication. However, the cough worsened, persisting throughout the day without respite, accompanied by sleep disturbances (desire to sleep continuously) and gait disturbance (only able to walk with support). The patient visited the clinic on December 15, 2023, and was re-diagnosed with chronic cough. And the patient received Korean medical treatment, including herbal medicine(Ryokankyomishinge-tang, Ryokankyomishingenin-tang, Sogunjung-tang), and acupuncture. The severity of chronic cough was evaluated by VAS before and after administration of each treatment term. Results : The patient's symptoms improved and VAS changed 10 to 0. Conclusions : This case study showed an effectiveness of Korean medical treatment on chronic cough.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.10 s.115
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• pp.1005-1013
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• 2006

A survey and auditory experiment on multiple residential noises such as floor impact, airborne, bathroom, drainage and traffic noises were conducted to develop a combined rating system and to establish criteria for multiple residential noises. Subjective reactions such as annoyance, activity disturbance, sleep disturbance, and satisfaction to overall noise environment and each residential noise were recorded. The effect of individual noise perception on the evaluation of the overall noise environment was also investigated. The survey results showed that satisfaction for floor impact noise most greatly affects the overall satisfaction for overall noise environment and annoyance most greatly affects the satisfaction for individual noise sources. Auditory experiments were undertaken to determine the percent satisfaction for individual noise levels. Result of auditory experiment showed that the noise level corresponding to 40 % satisfaction is 49 dB $(L_{i,Fmax,AW})$ for floor impact and is about 40 dB(A) for airborne, drainage and traffic noise. From the results of the survey and the auditory experiments, an equation for predicting the overall satisfaction for multiple noises was developed and a classification of multiple residential noises was proposed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.94-107
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• 1991

This clinical study was done to investigate how the perticular elements of coffee reflects a person using MMPI (Minesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) as a guide. This study was done based on the sample groups of 29 coffee-drinking-studensts and 21 non-coffee-drinking students. The results were as follows ; 1. The mean T-scores on all the scales were within normal range in coffee-drinking-group. 2. The personal traits of coffee-drinking-group showed elevated scales of Hs, D, Hy and Pt and showed 3, 1, 2 profile type. 3. Comparing non-coffee-drinking-group with coffee-drinking-group, scales of Hs, D, Hy, Mf, Pt, Ma were significantly higher in the latter. 4. According to pattern analysis, Psycho-neurotic trait was recognized in 62.07% of non-coffee-drinking-group, 76.19% of coffee-drinking-group. As a result, aboves support the exiting hypothesis that coffee give rise to Blood-asthenia(血虛) and Spleen-Lack of transports(脾不運化) and have an influence on neurosis, psychosis and sleep disturbance.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.368-373
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• 1996

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any advantage for a continuous background infusion during patient controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) for postoperative pain control. Methods: 60 patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were assigned randomly in a double-blind fashion to receive fentanyl and bupivacaine by PCEA with or without background infusion for 48 hours postoperatively. Results: Total amount of fentanyl and bupivacaine consumption and degree of sedation were not significantly different between the two groups. Visual analogue scale(VAS) pain scores at 24, 36, and 48h and sleep disturbance were significantly lower in background infusion group. Conclusion: Administration of fentanyl with bupivacaine by continuous background infusion is appropriate for PCEA for postcesarean section pain control.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2009

Recent Korean statistics show that a Korean woman can now expect to live until her mid-80s, which implies living at least one-third of her life after menopause. The menopausal transition is typically marked by intense hormonal fluctuations, accompanied by sleep disturbance, vasomotor symptoms(e.g., hot flashes, night sweats), increased risk for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and developing depression as well as mood disturbances. These symptoms can affect a woman's quality of life negatively. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the accurate detection and appropriate treatment of various menopause-related symptoms including depression in the menopausal transitions and postmenopause is mandatory. This review primarily focused on the current knowledge about the treatment of menopause-related depression.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2008

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness and problems in other higher cognitive processes such as executive function deficits. Currently, there are many treatment modalities, of which pharmacotherapy is the most strongly supported by scientific and clinical evidence. Stimulants, which are first choice in the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, block dopamine reuptake by binding the dopamine transporter and so increasing the concentration of dopamine in synaptic clefts. Stimulants are effective in improving core ADHD symptoms, as well as the nonspecific symptoms, such as aggressiveness and oppositional behavior. Frequently reported short-term adverse effects are decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, headache, dizziness and irritability. Although questions have been raised about the long-term side effects of stimulants, including growth suppression, cardiovascular events, and abuse potential, there is no clear evidence to support these concerns.