• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 2004

This paper reports the results of experimental study on the effects of replacement level of hwangtoh or slag on the flexural behavior of reinforced hwangtoh-concrete beams. All the beams were singly reinforced with longitudinal bar ratio p=0.5pb and were tested under two-point top loading. The flexural strengths obtained from tests, such as initial cracking strength, serviceability strength, maximum strength, were compared with ACI 318-02.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

There have been only a few studies focused on the stabilization of metal (loid)s in anaerobic soils such as paddy soils. In this study, laboratory-scale column tests were conducted to artificially manipulate anoxic conditions in submerged paddy fields and we observed the release behavior of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, as well as to examine the stabilization effect of steel refining slag (SRS) on the metal(loid)s. The leachate samples were collected and chemical parameters were monitored during the test period. Results suggest that anoxic conditions were developed during submersion, and that As or heavy metals (particularly Cd) fractions bound to ferrous (Fe) /manganese (Mn) oxides were easily dissociated. Moreover, As is also reduced by itself to a trivalent form with higher mobility in the reducing environment of rice paddy soil. However, it was also shown that SRS significantly decreased the dissolution of Zn, Pb, Cd, and As in the the leachates; their removal rates in the SRS-treated soil were 66 %, 45 %, 24 %, and 84 %, respectively, of those in the control soil.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국도로학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.89-92
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 여러 가지의 폐자원중 슬래그 및 폐주물사의 도로포장용 골재로서의 특성을 평가하고, 이를 이용한 다양한 조합의 재활용 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 특성을 평가하는 것이다. 골재특성을 평가하기 위해 입도 및 입형분석, 비중 및 흡수성, 마모저항성, 골재안정성과 같은 시험을 수행하였다. 골재로서의 특성평가 시험 결과 고로슬래그는 비교적 강도 특성이 제강슬래그에 비해 작은 경향을 나타냈다. 마샬배합설계로서 최적 아스팔트 함량이 결정되었고, 그 범위는 7.2%에서 7.5%정도 였다. 재활용 골재를 이용한 조합의 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 특성을 평가하기 위해 간접인장강도시험, 회복탄성계수시험, 크리프 시험을 수행하였다. 재활용 골재를 이용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 특성이 일반골재를 이용한 아스팔트 혼합물에 비해 다소 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 다만 현재진행중인 휠트래킹 시험 결과가 나오면 재활용 골재를 활용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형특성을 좀더 구체적으로 파악할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 1995

It is difficult to remove such interstitial impurities as sulfur, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon in Fe-Ni alloys. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies were carried out on the behavior of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas, Si, Al and slag, and the reaction time by the $Ar/Ar-H_2$ plasma and electron beam melting. After the addition of Al, Si, they were melted by Ar plasma with reaction time changed. 80%Ni-Fe alloys showed a better deoxidation than 36%Ni-Fe alloys. At $Ar-H_2$ plasma melting, the deoxidation was significant. In the case of the electron beam melting, the residual oxygen was higher than in Ar plasma melting because electron beam melting temperature was lower than that of Ar plasma. For the decaburization, it was melted by $Ar-O_2$ plasma melting, which could remove effectively carbon by activated oxygen in plasma. We added slag to Fe-Ni alloys for the desulfurization. As the result of this experiments, the amount of residual sulfur was not changed according to the slag ratio and reaction time.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The high permeability of the gas in the molten iron of the dripping zone of the blast furnace is a major factor in achieving the stable operation of a furnace with high productivity. Basic studies of the liquid flow behavior in a packed bed are necessary to grasp the effect of various operational changes on conditions in the dropping zone. Molten iron and slag together playa critical role in the lower zone, transporting mass and energy, while impairing and redistributing the gas flow. In turn, molten iron and slag undergo physical and chemical changes, and are redistributed radially as they descend to the hearth. In this research, mathematical formulations are derived for the gas and the liquid. The solid phase is fixed with constant porosity. The information for the molten iron and slag includes the hold-up, velocity, pressure, and information related to the areas of interaction between the gas and the liquid, and the solid and the liquid. Predictable results include the velocity, pressure and temperature distribution. Additional parameters include the packed particle size and the air blast rate.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2015

In the present study, a porous concrete with alkali activated slag (AAS) and coal bottom ash was developed and the effect of carbonation on the physical property, microstructural characteristic, and heavy metal leaching behavior of the porous concrete were investigated. Independent variables, such as the type of the alkali activator and binder, the amount of paste, and $CO_2$ concentration, were considered. The experimental test results showed that the measured void ratio and compressive strength of the carbonated porous concrete exceeded minimum level stated in ACI 522 for general porous concrete. A new quantitative TG analysis for evaluating $CO_2$ uptake in AAS was proposed, and the result showed that the $CO_2$ uptake in AAS paste was approximately twice as high as that in OPC paste. The leached concentrations of heavy metals from carbonated porous concrete were below the relevant environmental criteria.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.612-615
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• 2015

In this work, on-site corrosion behavior of heat resistant tubes of T91, used as components of a superheater in a power plant for up to 25,762 h, has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD), with the objectives of studying the composition, phase distribution, and evolution during service. A multi-layer structure of oxide scale was found on both the steamside and the fireside of the tube surface; the phase distribution was in the order of hematite/magnetite/spinel from the outer to the inner matrix on the steamside, and in the order of slag/magnetite/spinel from the outer to the inner matrix on the fireside. The magnetite layer was found to be rich in pores and cracks. The absence of a hematite layer on the fireside was considered to be due to the low oxygen partial pressure in the corrosion environment. The thicknesses of the hematite and of the slag-deposit layer were found to exhibit no significant change with the increase of the service time.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2022

An attempt is made to develop an eco-friendly concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and pond ash as partial replacement materials for cement and fine aggregate, respectively without compromising the strength and durability. Sixteen concrete mixes were developed by replacing cement and fine aggregate by GGBS and pond ash, respectively in stages of 10%. The maximum replacement levels of cement and fine aggregates were 50% and 30% respectively. Experimental results revealed that the optimum percentage of GGBS and pond ash replacement levels were 30% and 20% respectively. The optimized mix was used further to study the flexural behavior and durability properties. Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams were cast and tested under a four-point bending configuration. Also, the specimens prepared from the optimized mix were subjected to alternate wet and dry cycles of acid (3.5% HCl and H₂SO₄) and sulphate (10% MgSO₄) solutions. Results show that the optimized concrete mix with GGBS and pond ash had a negligible weight loss and strength reduction.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2005

본 논문은 모래다짐말뚝의 대체재로 제강슬래그를 다짐말뚝으로 사용하여 그에 따른 지반공학적 거동을 조사하기 위하여 원심모형 실험을 수행한 실험적 수치적 연구 결과이다. 제강슬래그의 상대밀도를 변화시킨 원심모형실험을 수행하여 그의 지지력 변화, 말뚝과 점토지반 사이의 응력분담비, 침하특성, 파괴메카니즘에 대하여 조사하였다. 원심모형실험결과, 슬래그다짐말뚝의 상대밀도가 증가할수록 지지력이 증가함을 확인하였으며 동일조건의 모래다짐말뚝 보다 약 $30\%$ 정도 항복하중강도가 크게 나타나 모래 대체 재료로서 효과가 있을 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 슬래그다짐말뚝의 상대밀도가 증가할수록 응력분담비는 증가하였으며 재하시험후 활동선 관찰결과 말뚝상부로 부터 $2D{\sim}2.5D$ 깊이에서 말뚝의 명료한 전단면이 발생하였다. 한편, 수정 Cam-clay 모델을 사용한 상용프로그램 CRISP을 이용하여 원심모형실험결과를 모사하였다. 하중-침하 곡선과 응력분담비의 특성에 대한 해석결과는 실험결과와 비교적 근접하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2015

본 연구는 건식제련법으로 폐 PCB를 처리하는 공정에서 슬래그 중 Ni의 용해거동에 대한 기초연구로서, CaO-$SiO_2-Al_2O_3$-MgO계 슬래그와 Cu-5 wt%Ni합금 사이의 Ni 분배거동을 1623~1823 K의 $CO_2$-CO 분위기 중에서 조사하였다. 평형산소분압이 증가할수록 Ni의 분배비는 선형적으로 증가하였으며, 이 결과로부터 Ni의 슬래그 중 용해반응은 다음과 같이 나타낼 수 있다. $$Ni(l)_{metal}+\frac{1}{2}O_2(g)NiO(l)_{slag}$$ 슬래그 중 염기성 산화물(CaO와 MgO)의 농도가 증가할수록 Ni의 분배비는 선형적으로 증가하였다. 그러나 반응 온도가 높을수록 Ni의 분배비는 선형적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 Ni의 분배비에 미치는 실험변수의 영향을 다중 회귀분석하여 다음과 같은 경험식을 얻었다. $${\log}L_{Ni}=0.4000{\log}P_{O2}-5.1{\times}10^{-4}T+0.3375\(\frac{X_{CaO}+X_{MgO}}{X_{SiO2}}\)$$