• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.344-356
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• 1995

This study was performed to Investigate the nutritional knowledge and dietary patterns of 450 high school girls in some areas of Seoul. The survey conducted from September 20 to 25, 1993. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; The average height and weight of the subjects were 160.2$\pm$5.Ocm and 52.3$\pm$6.7kg respectively. The average obesity index of the subjects was 96.8$\pm$11.7%. Menarche was at 13 years of age in 35.6% of the subjects and at after 14 years of age in 37.3% of them. The average score of nutritional knowledge was 60.04 $\pm$ 14.49 and the average score of Perceived nutritional knowledge was 83.9$\pm$ 14.44. The mean score of nutritional knowledge was 49.61 $\pm$ 13.45. 35.6% of subjects ranked lecture of score as their primary sources of nutritional information. Major dietary problems of subjects were eating rapidly, skipping breakfast, unbalanced Inlet and choice of snacks according taste. Underweight group showed significantly higher than other groups In unbalanced diet(P<0.01) and showed significantly higher than other groups in taking a medicine(P<0.001). Obese group showed significantly lower than other groups in remaining meals and unbalanced diet (P<0.05) and showed significantly higher than other groups In voereating.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of household type on the health- and food-related behavior of the elderly. The survey was conducted on 304 free-living elderly persons in Chun-Chon city in 1999. The subjects were divided into three groups by their household types : living alone (n=35), living with their spouses (n=59), and living with their extended family (n=191). The results were obtained by personal interviews using questionnaires. Compared to the group living with their spouses and/or extended families, the elderly living alone were : less satisfied with the amount of monthly pocket money available; less involved in social activities; taking less vitamin supplements; doing less physical exercise; more frequently skipping meals and dining out; less frequently consuming meats, vegetables, fruits and seaweed; and having the highest rate of depression. The elderly living with their spouses tended to have the best physical functions and the greatest ability to carry out basic daily activities. The elderly living with their extended families had a higher incidence of diseases compared to the other groups. The preferred snacks were cookies for the elderly living alone, and fruits for the other two groups. In summary, it has been shown that household type should be taken into consideration for formulating adequate future strategies for effective health and nutrition programs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.310-321
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the elderly's health statuses, health behavior, and social relations on their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to their family types. Methods: The subjects of this study were 1000 elderly persons (298 living alone, 420 living with their spouses, and 282 living with their family)living in C city in Gangwon Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from July 20 to September 30, 2015. The SPSS/WIN program was used for data analysis. Results: The HRQoL of the elderly living alone was much lower than the other groups. The most influential factors on the HRQoL include self-rated health and depressive symptoms in all three groups. Social activities and skipping meals were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living alone and living with their spouses, while marital status, number of chronic disease, and instrumental activities of daily living were associated with the HRQoL of the elderly living with their family. Conclusion: Nurses should take into account family types when designing interventions for improving the HRQoL of the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate food habits and eating behavior of preschool children. Food habit, eating behavior and health status were investigated by using a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 312 children aged 6 to 7 years old who lived in Uiwang. The average height, weight, Kaup index were 115.08cm, 21.41 kg, 16.13, respectively, for boys 111.37 cm, 19.93 kg, 15.72 for girls. Results showed that 72.16% of subjects skipped the breakfast meal. One of the main reason fur skipping breakfast was 'no appetite'(53.14%). It was found that 49.67% of the subjects belonged to 'good' in health status. The eating behavior of 'watching TV or playing a toy during meal' and 'can eat the rice by oneself were significantly higher score in girls than in boys(p<0.05). Food attention of the parents for the health of children was the highest in 'keep regular meals a day'(92.65%). Health status showed significantly negative correlations with kaup index and eating behavio(p<0.001). Kaup index(p<0.05) and health attention(p<0.001) were positively related with eating behavior. Based on this study, nutritional education program for preschool children would be required for the dietetics teacher to guide the children and more attention should be paid to the nutritional education of food habits in this age group and their mothers.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.803-813
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anthropometric and blood biochemical characteristics, the dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles of obese children in Incheon. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using anthropometric measurements, biochemical assessments and questionnaire analysis. The subjects included 7,055 obese children residing in the Incheon area (from 106 elementary schools). The degree of obesity was classified using the Obesity Index (OI) as light 20% ＜ OI ＜ 30% ; Medium 30% ＜ OI ＜ 50% ; Severe 50% ＞ OI. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. Most subjects fell within the medium range of obesity. Most subjects had dietary problems such as overeating, unbalanced meals and skipping breakfast. The ratio of boy subjects eating green and yellow vegetables was lowe. when compared to that of the girl subjects. The boy subjects exercised more frequently and longer than the girls. As the Obesity Index increased, hypercholesterolemia significantly increased. The blood cholesterol levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body fat, waist/hip ratio and BMI; HDL cholesterol levels of the subjects were negatively correlated with the anthropometric data and the LDL cholesterol levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body fat. The blood triglycerides levels of the subjects were positively correlated with body weight, body fat, waist/hip ratio and BMI. Therefore, proper nutritional education and intervention are required for an improvement of obese children＇s dietary behavior, heath-related factors and blood lipid profiles.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.395-403
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• 2000

This study was carried out with 200 students of Chungbuk National University to investigate their dietary behavior and calcium intake and to find out variables among general characteristics of subjects which influence dietary behavior and calcium intake. Questionaires and interviews were used for data collection. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Dietary behavior of college students were not desirable as a whole. The percentages of skipping breakfast and irregular meal among students were over one third, respectively. Especially students living alone skipped breakfast more frequently, took their meals more irregularly, and their eating frequencies of 6 food groups were lower compared to students eating at home. 2) Calcium intake was significantly different according to gender. Mean calcium intake of male students was 744.0 mg/day and that of female students was 480.8 mg/day. Average %RDA of calcium intake of female students was 68.5%. Resource food contributing to calcium intake in the first order was milk, next was yogurt, Small anchovies, kimchi made with Chinese cabbage, ice cream and soybean curd in that order. From the results of this study, we found that the students living alone and female students are exposed to high risk of poor dietary behavior and undernutrition of calcium. In conclusion, nutrition education programs for them are required as soon as possible.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: International students face dissimilar food environments, which could lead to changes in dietary behaviors and anthropometric characteristics between before and after migration. We sought to examine the risk factors, including dietary behaviors, acculturation, and demographic characteristics, related to overweight subjects residing in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study, collecting data from 142 Chinese international students (63 males, 79 females) in 2013. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 25.4 years, and almost half of them immigrated to South Korea to earn a master's degree or doctoral degree (n = 70, 49.3%). Chinese international students showed an increase in skipping meals and eating speed, but a decrease in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in South Korea compared to when they lived in China. We found a statistically significant increase in weight (69.4 ${\rightarrow}$ 73.9 kg) and BMI (22.4 ${\rightarrow}$ $23.8kg/m^2$) for male subjects (P < 0.001) but no change for female subjects. We also found that overweight subjects were more likely to be highly acculturated and male compared with normal-weight subjects. CONCLUSION: Among Chinese international students living in South Korea, male and more highly acculturated subjects are more vulnerable to weight gain. This study provides useful information to design tailored nutrition intervention programs for Chinese international students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.471-483
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits, nutrients intakes and nutritional quality of the preschool children living in Seoul. The study was performed by analyzing a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 233 subjects aged 2 to 6 years old. A three-day dietary intakes survey, using a 24 hour recall method was used by both the mothers and teachers of the children in day care centers. Twenty eight, 65.9 and $21.8\%$ of preschool children were underweight, normal and overweight or obese, respectively. It was found that $19.8\%$ of preschool children replied that they skipped breakfast sometimes. The major reasons for skipping breakfast were 'snacks' ($38.3\%$) and 'no appetite' ($32.6\%$). The proportion of subjects having unbalanced meals was $61.6\%$. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrients intakes were higher than those of the Korean RDA except zinc. The proportions of carbohydrate, protein and fat from total calories were 56,1, 17.2 and $30.7\%$. The P/M/S ratio was 0.62 : 0.86 : 1. Nutrient adquacy (NAR), mean of nu-trient adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were considered adequate. In conclusion, the dietary intakes of children aged 2 to 6 were assumed adequate judging from nutrient intakes, although some attention should be paid to fat intake in this age group.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.855-866
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• 2008

The dietary patterns and characteristics of oldest-old subjects over 85 of Sunchang County (total of 171, 61 males and 110 females) were studied. The average age was $90.6{\pm}3.7$ years old (male; $89.1{\pm}2.8$, female; $91.5{\pm}3.8$), and 90.9% of them were reported to have had no schooling experience. Family types having a spouse were much greater in men (50%) than women (1.8%). The percentages of living alone showed the gender differences, which were comprised of 33% of females and 18.3% of males. In this study, 73.7% of subjects answered "very good" or "good" for their health status. These elderly subjects might maintain their health through a relatively lower rate of smoking (22.2%) and drinking (27.5%), having non-sedentary activities (84.2% of the subjects are physically active) and enough sleep. Their characteristic dietary patterns include high preference of rice (96.5%) and blanch & Seasoned vegetable dishes (Namal, 90.6%) frequent consumption of plant-based food groups containing plenty of anti-oxidants such as vegetables and legumes, and they showed high rates of meal regularity (77.2%) and no skipping of meals (94.2%). It seems to be developed and disseminated in the congregate meal program for improving nutritional status of the elderly, since the coming increment of single-elderly family and single dwellers of rural areas.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to compare dietary patterns (missed meals, eating instant foods, skipping fruits/vegetables) between general and multicultural adolescents in Korea. Methods: Data from the 9th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2013) were used, and analysis was done for the 66,951 youth using SPSS 18.0. Results: The rate of lunch absence accounted for 7.3% in general adolescents and 8.3% in multicultural family adolescents. However, the response of breakfast absence for a week was higher than the rate of the absence of lunch and dinner. For eating instant foods at least more than once a week, there was a significant difference for carbonated drinks, snacks, ramen and fast food in multicultural adolescents. More multicultural adolescents also noted "never ate fruits and vegetable within the recent week." Conclusion: For the healthy diet of adolescents, more careful observation and nursing education should be implemented. Furthermore, parents should also be included in the education altogether.