• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.804-819
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• 2003

It has been known that adenine is a very important material in living cells. Because, adenine is a member of nucleotide base, so it takes part in DNA, RNA and ATP synthesis. There are many reports that adenine participated in ingredients, especially DNA, RNA, NADH and ATP, affect on the cell. As well adenosine, conjugated adenine to glycoside, was known to anti-wrinkle compound. But there is no report whether adenine shows a good effect on the skin, especially anti-wrinkle. So, in this study, we tested whether adenine affects cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, collagenase synthesis inhibition in human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, we performed clinical study with adenine cream. Cell proliferation effect was tested by MTT assay. Collagen and collagenase synthesis were measured by Immunoassay with ELISA kit. Clinical study was performed by IECK according to KFDA Functional Cosmetic method. The results of cell proliferation show that 10$^{-6}$ ~10$^{-8}$ ％ of adenine increases cell proliferation about 50 ％ compare with non-treated control. At 10$^{-7}$ ~10$^{-10}$ ％, adenine increases type I collagen synthesis about 50％, decreases type I collagenase about 22％ compare with non-treated control. The results of clinical study show that 0.05％ adenine treated group reduces wrinkle significantly compare with placebo treated group. Therefore adenine may be a new anti-wrinkle candidate, through increases cell proliferation and collagen synthesis dramatically. And it decreases collagenase synthesis. So adenine could be used as a new anti-wrinkle agent.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of ampule containing herbal extract(Ulmus davidiana, Ginkgo biloba, Perilla ocymoides, Morus alba, Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice), and Angelica gigas) on skin wrinkles in adult women with facial wrinkles. Methods : A total of 12 women, 30 to 46 years of age, with wrinkles in the corner of eyes, applied ampule containing herbal extract twice daily for up to 12 weeks. Silicon replicas of right crow's feet area and antecubital fossa were taken before use of test product and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The replicas were analyzed by optical profilometry with Skin Visiometer SV600. The wrinkle and roughness parameters, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 were calculated and statistically analyzed. In addition, a subjective evaluation of product efficacy was conducted by patient's assessment. Results : The mean values of all the skin roughness parameters were decreased at 4-week, and decreased significantly at 8 and 12-week except R4 at 12-week after test product use. The subjective evaluation of wrinkle by patient's assessment was also improved. However, one patient noted stiffness of face after use of test product. Conclusions : These study suggested that the application of ampule containing herbal extract twice daily for 12 weeks may effectively improve the facial wrinkles without severe side effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated anti-oxidative effects of Duchesnea indica extracts by using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). The extracts were prepared with 0 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 100 % aqueous ethanol respectively. The 30 % EtOH D. indica extract showed higher ORAC activity than the other extracts. Therefore, we performed in vitro studies on cytotoxicity of NIH-3T3 cells and MMP-8 collagenase inhibition using by the 30 % EtOH extract. The 30 % EtOH extract showed no cytotoxicity and significant inhibition on MMP-8 collagenase. And we performed clinical studies for the anti-wrinkle effect of the Di-Wrinkle Free Cream. The cream formula was prepared with 2 % arbutin and 1 % D. indica extract. Twenty one healthy women volunteers, ages of 35 and 50, applied the cream on their faces twice a day for 8 weeks. The skin was evaluated with PRIMOS (phaseshift rapid in vivo measuring of human skin) system and analyzed by the student's paired t-test. The wrinkles on the eye region were reduced by 13 % based on the PRIMOS system after 8 weeks. In the safety study of the Di-Wrinkle Free Cream, no symptoms were observed such as erythema, edema, scaling, itching, stinging, burning, tightness and prickling by visual observation and medical examination of volunteers for 8 weeks. Moreover, there was no noticeable skin disorder during experience period. These results suggested that D. indica extracts could be applied as cosmeceuticals effective for anti-wrinkle.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.124-133
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• 2016

Objectives : Recently, the demands for the effective and safe depigmentating and anti-aging agents of the skin have increased due to the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic reasons. The aim of this study is to search new materials from the traditional herbal medicines which inhibit the aging process of skin in vitro.Methods : Human dermis cell (HS68) was used to test the effect of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS). 80% ethanol or water extracts were screened for their inhibitory activities against elastase. Elastase inhibition effect was tested by microplate reader instrument. And MMP-1 suppression effect of RVS was tested by western blot. These cells were investigated the viability by MTS assay. And also the inhibition effect of tyrosinase by RVS was tested.Results : RVS (final concentrstion 1 ㎎/㎖ appeared over 30% of inhibition of elastase activity. So we are investigated anti wrinkle effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes look through MMP-1 inhibition activity, also Extracts of RVS showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin as final concentration 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that herbal medicines could be strong potential sources of inhibition of anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin.Colclusions : RVS was the best suppressor candidate of elastase activity among other control oriental drugs. It was found that RVS did not have toxicity to cells. We found proper concentration of RVS to treat in HS68 culture and investigated not only wrinkle care effect but also whitening effect of RVS.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.494-505
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• 2019

In this study, the antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-melanogenic and anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus vaninii were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL HE (95.38%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME (98.19%) and HE (97.55%) were higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (92.66%) at 2.0 mg/mL. Neither ME nor HE was cytotoxic to murine melanoma B16-F10 cells at 25-750 ㎍/mL. Although the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory effects of ME and HE were significantly lower than that of allopurinol, the values were higher than 84 percent. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activities of ME and HE were comparable to kojic acid at 2.0 mg/mL. The cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthetic activities of ME and HE on B16-F10 melanoma cells at 500 ㎍/mL were higher than arbutin, indicating that the inhibitory effects of arbutin on the tyrosinase and melanin synthesis were higher than those of ME and HE. The collagenase inhibitory activity of HE was comparable to EGCG at 2.0 mg/mL, however, the elastase inhibitory activity of ME and HE was lower than EGCG at the concentration tested. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of Ph. vaninii possessed good antioxidant, anti-xanthine oxidase, cell-free anti-tyrosinase, cellular anti-tyrosinase, anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be used for the development of novel anti-gout, skin-whitening, and skin anti-wrinkle agents.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2017

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging method that utilizes the optical scattering and interference for visualizing the surface as well as cross-sectional structures of tissue. OCT has been used for diagnosing diseases in early stage in various medical fields, but an application in cosmetics is still at early stage. In this study, OCT was adopted to evaluate skin texture and wrinkle. Results showed similar patterns of evaluation with PRIMOS in the assessment using replica. In addition, OCT produced smaller errors at different angles compared to the PRIMOS in the assessment using 3-dimensional models of wrinkles. The resolution of the image was also high enough to differentiate the images of before and after the application of makeup products. Possible use of OCT in the evaluation of fine wrinkle assessment was studied in this research. Further development of methods is necessary to provide more evidences of the effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 2017

EP was obtained through 20% ethanol extraction of Pueraria lobata root, and the fermented form of EP, FEP, was prepared from the EP after incubating with Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1. There was no significant toxicity by EP and FEP up to $1000{\mu}g/ml$ in NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells. In addition to antioxidant potentials of EP and FEP determined by DPPH and ABST assays, we confirmed increase of procollagen type I and elastin synthesis by supplementation of the EP and FEP at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ using ELISA kits. The protein expression levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, -3, and -9, those are involved in the degradation of collagen or other skin matrix proteins, were remarkably suppressed while their inhibitory protein metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) was greatly up-regulated by supplementation of the EP and FEP at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, both EP and FEP supplementation could be involved in the suppression of the skin wrinkle formation through inhibiting degradation of collagen and stimulating the synthesis of collagen and elastin. The results showed that the anti-wrinkle potential of the EP and FEP will be a promising candidate for developing cosmeceutical compounds or products.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.853-865
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• 2019

In this study, the skin permeability was measured by adding skin penetrating peptides, arginine oligomers R4(tetra-D-arginine), R6(hexa-D-arginine) to little skin-permeable wrinkle improvement peptides GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes, and the results were analyzed by the following six cases. (1) In cases where only wrinkle improvement peptides GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK were contained liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 6.05%, 7.4%, and 8.83% respectively. (2) In cases where arginine oligomers R4, R6 were added to GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 13.63% and 7.68%. (3) In cases where R4, R6 were added to GHK-Cu liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 15.46% and 8.64%. (4) In cases where R4, R6 were added to Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 16.9% and 10.67%. (5) In cases where R4 were added to GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 13.63%, 15.46%, and 16.9% respectively. (6) In cases where R6 were added to GHK, GHK-Cu, and Pal-GHK liposomes; the final cumulative permeations in 24 hours were 7.68%, 8.64%, and 10.67% respectively. This experiment showed that skin absorption of GHK was increased by copper ion (Cu2+) and palmitic acid and skin absorption of wrinkle improvement peptides was enhanced by cell penetrating peptides, and R4 showed higher effect than R6 in GHK, GHK-Cu and Pal-GHK. Through this process, we propose broad use and application in wrinkle improvement functional cosmetics by presenting the optimal conditions for increasing skin absorption of GHK, GHK-Cu, thus maximizing its efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cosmetic Acupuncture through reinterpretation of anatomy and physiology. Methods : The causes of wrinkle increases and rapid aging of facial skin were studied and the theoretical system of Cosmetic Acupuncture treatment was analyzed through anatomy and physiology reinterpretation. Results and Conclusions : An increase in wrinkles and rapid aging of facial skin is caused by xerosis. Skin condition represents the condition of subcutaneous muscle. The reason why skin becomes easily dry is the heat produced by craniofacial part. Craniofacial part always generates lot of physiological fever because of the muscles. This physiological fever is produced from the muscles that are responsible for maintaining skull suture, controlling the movement of temporomandibular joint, maintaining head and neck posture. Controlling this fever is the crux of Cosmetic Acupuncture mechanism. These muscles correspond to Foot Taeyang meridian-muscle, Foot Soyang meridian-muscle and Foot Yangmyung meridian-muscle. Cosmetic Acupuncture is effective for preventing facial skin from aging and wrinkle increase by mechanical stimulus on facial muscles, and for controlling craniofacial part meridian-muscle system producing the heat.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-474
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• 2002

The inner shell of the chestnut (Castanea crenata S. et Z., Fagaceae) has been used as an anti-wrinkle/skin firming agent in East Asia, and preliminary experiments have found that a 70% ethanol extract from this plant material can prevent cell detachment of skin fibroblasts from culture plates. In order to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, its effects on the expression of adhesion molecules, such as fibronectin and vitronectin, were investigated using the mouse skin fibroblast cell line, NIH/3T3. Using fixed-cell ELISA, Western blotting and immunofluorescence cell staining, it was clearly demonstrated that the chestnut inner shell extract enhanced the expression of the cell-associated fibronectin and vitronectin. Scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin), isolated from the extract, also possessed similar properties. These findings suggest that the enhanced expression of the adhesion molecules may be one of the molecular mechanisms for how the chestnut inner shell extract preventing cell detachment and may be also responsible for its anti-wrinkle/skin firming effect.