• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1135-1137
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.267.2-267.2
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• 2003

Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors are useful not only for the materials used in cosmetics as skin-whitening agents but also for the remedy of hyperpigmentation. In order to find the new skin-whitening compounds from the natural products. screening of tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro has been carried out. The EtOH extracts of two hundred crude drugs were performed at the concentration of 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying the Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) as a tool to enhance the skin absorption of arbutin, a well-known skin-whitening agent. Arbutin solution or skin formulation was applied on the back of hairless mouse skin in vivo after IPL treatment, and then the skin deposition of arbutin was determined by HPLC. IPL treatment significantly increased the amount of arbutin in the skin after 6 hours when arbutin solution was applied 20 times. IPL also enhanced the skin deposition of arbutin when arbutin formulation was applied, although it was not significantly different. Significant increase of surface skin temperature was observed by IPL treatment, which might be a mechanism of the enhanced skin absorption of arbutin. These results suggest the feasibility of using IPL as a tool to increase the skin absorption of whitening agents, although further research needs to be conducted to understand its exact mechanism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.205-209
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• 2011

The present study was performed to compare the antioxidative and whitening activities of fermented soybean extract (FSB) and non-fermented soybean extract (SB). Antioxidative and whitening activities of FSB and SB were evaluated by the determination of DPPH, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, linoleic acid inhibition activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. FSB showed the higher effect than SB in the antioxidative activities. Also FSB showed the better effect than SB in whitening activity. These results demonstrated that the fermentation played a more excellent role than the non-fermentation in antioxidation and whitening. Therefore, this study suggested that FSB could be a useful cosmetic ingredient for antioxidation and skin whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

The coffee silver skin is a part of coffee beans. We report that the coffee sliver skin extracts exhibited cosmetic properties of antioxidant, anti-winkle and whitening effects. The ethanol extracts of silver skin showed free radical scavenging activity up to 92.26% in $50{\mu}g/mL$, especially against DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation. The silver skin extracts showed inhibitory effects for tyrosinase activity and DOPA oxidation in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the extracts retain for the whitening property in cosmetics. The coffee silver skin extracts effectively inhibited the elastase and collagenase. Cytotoxicity of the coffee silver skin extracts was measured by the colorimetric MTS assay. The viability of the human keratinocytes (HaCaT) treated with the coffee silver skin extracts was same as that of untreated cells, indicating the extracts are safe to human cells. Here, we suggest that the silver skin extracts of coffee bean could be a potential natural substance for anti-winkle, whitening, antioxidant properties for cosmetics.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2008

These days there is a constant possibility of exposure to UV radiation which can cause abnormal production of melanin and result in skin disease such as hyperpigmentation and melanoma. Many materials were investigated for skin whitening and protection against UV radiation. In this study, we assessed the melanogenesis inhibitory activities of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG, Ginseng Radix Rubra) and Ginkgo (EGb 761 Ginkgo Biloba) in an attempt to develop a new skin whitening agent derived from natural products. B16F10 melanoma cells were treated for 48 hr with KRG and EGb 761. The inhibitory effect on melanogenesis was measured and related cytokines and proteins expression were also investigated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In addition, we also assessed the effects of these substances on the skin of C57BL/6 mice. Cell growth, melanin content and tyrosinase activity were inhibited effectively in B16F10 melanoma cells treated with KRG and EGb 761. Moreover, tyrosinase mRNA expression was inhibited clearly and melanogenesis related proteins (MRPs) containing tyrosinase, TRP1 and TRP2 were also reduced by KRG and EGb761, while cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were induced. In the case of UV irradiated mice, we observed induction of cytokine mRNA levels and reduction of MRPs mRNA expression. In addition, a decrease in pigmentation from treatment with KRG and EGb 761 on the skin of mice was observed. These results indicate that KRG and EGb 761 inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and have display protective activities against UVB. Therefore, we suggest that KRG and EGb 761 are good candidates to be used as whitening agents and UVB protectors for the skin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1187-1192
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• 2006

The aims of this study were to encapsulate arbutin (AR) in liposome to enhance the skin-whitening activity, and to investigate the effect of liposome formulation on the entrapment efficiency (EE%), skin permeation rate and skin deposition. The liposomes were prepared by a film dispersion method with several different formulations and were separated from the solution by using the gel-filtration method. The physical (size distribution, morphology) and chemical (drug entrapment efficiency, hairless mouse skin permeation and deposition) properties of liposomes were characterized. The entrapment efficiency in all liposome formulations varied between 4.35% and 17.63%, and was dependent on the lipid content. The particle sizes of liposomes were in the range of $179.9{\sim}212.8\;nm$ in all liposome formulations. Although the permeation rate of AR in the liposome formulations decreased compared with AR solution, the deposition amount of AR in the epidermis/dermis layers increased in AR liposomal formulation. These results suggest that liposomal formulation could enhance the skin deposition of hydrophilic skin-whitening agents, thereby enhancing their activities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2009

This study was performed to improve antioxidant activities and skin-whitening effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel extracts by nano-encapsulation. R. coreanus was extracted at $60^{\circ}C$ and encapsulated by lecithin and gelagine. Nano-encapsulated extracts showed highest free radical scavengering effect as 97.62% in adding sample ($500\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), compared to the extracts from conventional processes. It was showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production test by Clone M-3 cells as 55.23%. High inhibitory potency on tyrosinase was also measured as 155.8% by adding nano-sample of 1 $mg/m{\ell}$. The improvement of biological activity was demonstrated by real time confocal microscope. We could consider that the water soluble extracts of R. coreanus could be definitely enhanced by nano-encapsulated as a potent natural resources for antioxidant and skin-whitening agent.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.520-539
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• 2003

By using sequentially efficacy tests based on tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanogenesis, then a cell line of melanocytes cultured in vitro, we have been able to detect the whitening potential of a plant extract and then to develop a new whitening Active Ingredient whose the whitening potential was confirmed on cultured melanocytes. Through a phytochemical approach, it seems that the whitening potential could be due to the "tannin" fraction of plant extract. A complementary work is planned to explain more precisely which fractions are responsible for the whitening potential and a clinical test is in progress on 30 Asian skin type volunteers to show the whitening efficacy on human volunteers.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of Plantago asiatica L. Root extract on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant activity and whitening action. As a result of measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity to examine independent anti-oxidation of PRE, there was slight scavenging activity. Fluorescent materials DHE, DCF-DA and DHR were each used to measure superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroperoxide created in RAW 264.7 cells, all concentrations were found to dependently prevent ROS production. Tyrosinase activation was found to be blocked dose-dependant. Melanin production was also prevented dose-dependant, but the effects were slight. Therefore, it is expected to be used effectively in development of functional cosmetic materials.